A time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device, belonging to the technical field of rainfall infiltration test devices. It includes a semi-enclosed cubic model, with a closed plate formed by four side plates at the open side of the semi-enclosed cubic model. A simulated rainfall component is installed on the top surface of the semi-enclosed cubic model, and a platform is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cubic model, on which a water supply component is installed. This utility model, through the cooperation of a first time-adjusting solenoid valve, a second time-adjusting solenoid valve, and a PLC control cabinet, facilitates the adjustment of rainfall intensity and duration according to the time scale, improving the accuracy of simulating dynamic changes in climate rainfall, and thus enabling precise simulation of long-term climate rainfall. Ultimately, it solves the problems of existing test methods failing to reflect the time-scale distribution characteristics of climate rainfall, simulating conditions that do not conform to reality, easily damaging the sample infiltration boundary conditions, and difficulties in filling samples and sensors, thereby improving test accuracy and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of rainfall infiltration test devices, and in particular to a rainfall infiltration test device based on a time scale. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering, rainfall is a major contributing factor to slope instability. Studies have shown that long-term rainfall can cause changes in soil saturation in space and time, reducing the mechanical properties of the soil and causing problems such as local slope collapse and uneven settlement, which in turn affect the safety and stability of the slope. To delve deeper into the impact of rainfall infiltration on slope stability, accurately simulating external climatic rainfall has become a key issue in slope rainfall infiltration analysis. However, existing experimental methods often simplify climatic rainfall simulations, leading to significant errors in rainfall infiltration analysis. These problems can be categorized as follows: Current experimental techniques primarily simplify and uniformly distribute rainfall, failing to reflect the time-scale distribution characteristics of dynamic changes in rainfall duration and intensity. Furthermore, the simulated conditions tend to favor short-term rainfall analysis, which does not reflect the reality of long-term exposure of soil and rock structures to external climate. Rainfall devices often have fixed spray positions, easily causing in-situ erosion and disrupting the sample's infiltration boundary conditions, thus affecting the experimental results. In addition, filling soil and rock samples and sensors in a closed model box is difficult, and the process easily disturbs and damages the samples, affecting experimental accuracy. Therefore, improvements are needed to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device, comprising a semi-enclosed cubic model, wherein the opening of the semi-enclosed cubic model is formed by four side plates to form a closed plate, a simulated rainfall component is installed on the top surface of the semi-enclosed cubic model, a platform is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cubic model, a water supply component is installed on the platform, the semi-enclosed cubic model is filled with sand and gravel material and soil material, an installation hole is opened at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-enclosed cubic model, a drainage pipe is installed in the installation hole, a drainage valve is installed on the drainage pipe, and triangular support plates are symmetrically fixed to both sides of the bottom end of the semi-enclosed cubic model.

[0005] Preferably, the semi-enclosed cube model and the side plate have grooves on their opposite surfaces, and the side plate and the semi-enclosed cube model have protrusions that are inserted into the grooves. The top surface of the side plate has a groove, and the bottom surface of the side plate has a protrusion that corresponds to the groove. The side plates are fixed together by the groove and the protrusion. The semi-enclosed cube model and the side plate can be made of transparent acrylic material.

[0006] Preferably, the sand and gravel material is laid on the bottom surface of the semi-enclosed cube model to form a sand and gravel cushion layer, the soil and rock material is filled in layers in the semi-enclosed cube model to form soil and rock samples, and multiple humidity sensors are evenly embedded in each layer of the soil and rock samples. The drainage pipe is filled with reverse filter material, and a measuring cylinder is provided at the outlet of the drainage valve.

[0007] Preferably, the simulated rainfall assembly includes two first guide rails symmetrically arranged on the top surface of a semi-enclosed cube model. A guide rod and a first lead screw are respectively installed inside the two first guide rails. A first slider is sleeved on both the first lead screw and the guide rod. A second guide rail is fixed between the top surfaces of the two sliders. A second lead screw is rotatably arranged inside the second guide rail. A second slider is sleeved on the second lead screw. A nozzle is installed on the second slider.

[0008] Preferably, the water supply assembly includes a water supply valve, a first time-adjustable solenoid valve, and a water supply pipe. The water supply pipe is connected to the water supply valve and to the first time-adjustable solenoid valve via the water supply pipe and a water pipe connector. The first time-adjustable solenoid valve is connected to a first water pipe connector and three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves via the water supply pipe. The three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves are connected to a second water pipe connector and a nozzle via the water supply pipe. A flow meter is installed on the water supply pipe between the first time-adjustable solenoid valve and the three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves. The water supply pipe is located at one end of the second guide rail in a spiral spring shape, and a limit box is provided at the spiral spring shape of the second slider in the water supply pipe.

[0009] Preferably, a first transmission box with its output end coaxially fixed to the first lead screw is installed at one end of the first guide rail, a first motor for driving the first lead screw is installed at the input end of the first transmission box, a second transmission box is installed at one end of the second guide rail, a second motor for driving the second lead screw is installed on the top surface of the second transmission box, a programmer is installed on the top surface of the first transmission box, and a PLC control cabinet connected to the programmer via a signal cable is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cube model.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model, through the cooperation of the first and second time-adjusting solenoid valves with the PLC control cabinet, facilitates the adjustment of rainfall intensity and duration according to the time scale, improving the accuracy of simulating dynamic changes in climate rainfall, and thus enabling precise simulation of long-term climate rainfall. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the first and second guide rails with the nozzle, it facilitates the movement of the nozzle to change the spray position, improving the uniformity of rainfall distribution, and thus enabling the avoidance of in-situ erosion and protection of the sample's penetration boundary conditions. Moreover, through the cooperation of the semi-enclosed cubic model with the side plates, it facilitates the filling of soil and rock samples and sensors, improving operational convenience and reducing disturbance and damage to the samples during the filling process. Ultimately, it solves the problems of existing test methods failing to reflect the time-scale distribution characteristics of climate rainfall, simulating conditions that do not conform to reality, easily damaging sample penetration boundary conditions, and being difficult to fill with samples and sensors, thereby improving test accuracy and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a first-view schematic diagram of the overall structure proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the semi-enclosed cube model proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the semi-enclosed cube model proposed in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the side plate proposed in this utility model.

[0012] The numbers in the diagram are: 1. Semi-enclosed cube model; 2. Side plate; 3. Drain valve; 4. Humidity sensor; 5. Sprayer head; 6. Water supply valve; 7. First time-adjustable solenoid valve; 8. Water supply pipe; 9. PLC control cabinet; 10. First motor; 11. Second guide rail; 12. First transmission box. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0014] Example: See Figures 1 to 4This utility model discloses a time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device, comprising a semi-enclosed cube model 1. The open side of the semi-enclosed cube model 1 is sealed by four side plates 2. A simulated rainfall component is installed on the top surface of the semi-enclosed cube model 1. A platform is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cube model 1, on which a water supply component is installed. The semi-enclosed cube model 1 is filled with sand and soil materials. An installation hole is opened at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-enclosed cube model 1, and a drain pipe is installed in the installation hole, with a drain valve 3 installed on the drain pipe. The semi-enclosed cube model 1 and the side plates 2 are transparent. The acrylic material is used for the model and side plate 2, facilitating observation of the movement of wetting fronts inside the soil and rock samples. The drainage valve 3 is a copper ball valve, which has good sealing performance and durability, and can accurately control drainage. The above structure forms the basic framework of the device, providing basic experimental space and drainage control functions for rainfall infiltration tests. Grooves are opened on the opposite surfaces of the semi-enclosed cube model 1 and the side plate 2. Protrusions corresponding to the grooves are raised on the opposite surfaces of the side plate 2 and the semi-enclosed cube model 1. The top surface of the side plate 2 has a groove, and the bottom surface of the side plate 2 has a corresponding protrusion strip. The side plates 2 are connected by the groove. The semi-enclosed cube model 1 and side plate 2 are fixed together with the convex strips and can be made of transparent acrylic material. The grooves and convex strips of side plate 2 are made with an integral molding process, which ensures a tight connection and good sealing. The grooves adopt dovetail grooves. The gap between the grooves and the convex blocks is controlled within a small range to ensure that side plate 2 is installed stably. Through the above structure, the side plate 2 and the model can be easily assembled and disassembled, which facilitates the gradual sealing of the model during the sample filling process, reduces disturbance to the sample, and improves the ease of operation. Sand and gravel material is laid on the bottom surface of the semi-enclosed cube model 1 to form a sand and gravel cushion layer, and soil and rock materials are filled in layers in the semi-enclosed cube model 1. A soil and rock sample is formed, and multiple humidity sensors 4 are evenly embedded in each layer of the soil and rock sample. The drainage pipe is filled with filter material, and a measuring cylinder is installed at the outlet of the drainage valve 3. The humidity sensor 4 is a JXBS-3001 model, which has high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, and can monitor the humidity changes of the soil and rock mass in real time. The filter material is made of graded sand and gravel, which has a good filtration effect and can prevent soil particles from clogging the drainage pipe. Through the above structure, the sand and gravel cushion layer plays a role in bearing and filtering, the humidity sensor 4 realizes the monitoring of the humidity of the soil and rock mass at different depths, and the filter material and measuring cylinder work together to ensure smooth drainage and facilitate measurement, thereby improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0015] In this utility model, the simulated rainfall component includes two first guide rails symmetrically arranged on the top surface of a semi-enclosed cube model 1. A guide rod and a first lead screw are respectively installed inside the two first guide rails. A first slider is sleeved on both the first lead screw and the guide rod. A second guide rail 11 is fixedly connected between the top surfaces of the two sliders. A second lead screw is rotatably installed inside the second guide rail 11, and a second slider is sleeved on the second lead screw. A nozzle 5 is installed on the second slider. The first and second guide rails 11 are made of aluminum alloy, which is high in strength and lightweight. The first and second lead screws are made of 45# steel, with a surface tempered for good wear resistance. The nozzle 5 is a rotary nozzle made of existing 304 stainless steel with replaceable nozzles, and the nozzle diameter is available in various specifications. Through the above-mentioned... The nozzle 5 can move flexibly in the XY plane. With nozzles of different diameters, it can simulate rainfall of varying intensities, avoiding in-situ erosion caused by fixed-position spraying and improving the uniformity and flexibility of rainfall simulation. The water supply assembly includes a water supply valve 6, a first time-adjustable solenoid valve 7, and a water supply pipe 8. The water supply pipe 8 is connected to the water supply valve 6 and, through the water supply pipe 8 and a water pipe connector, to the first time-adjustable solenoid valve 7. The first time-adjustable solenoid valve 7 is connected to the first water pipe connector and three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves through the water supply pipe 8. The three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves are connected to the second water pipe connector and the nozzle 5 through the water supply pipe 8. A flow meter is installed on the water supply pipe 8 between the first time-adjustable solenoid valve 7 and the three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves. The water supply pipe 8 is shaped like a spiral spring at one end of the second guide rail 11, and a limit box is provided at the spiral spring-shaped part of the water supply pipe 8 on the second guide rail 11; the adjustment range of the first and second time-adjusting solenoid valves is 0-99 hours and 59 minutes, with an accuracy of 1 minute, and multiple sets of opening and closing times can be set; the water supply pipe 8 is made of PVC material, and the pipe between the second water pipe joint and the sprinkler head 5 is a rubber hose with good pressure resistance; the flow meter is an electromagnetic flow meter, which can monitor the water supply flow in real time; through the above structure, the time-adjusting solenoid valve can control the opening and closing of the sprinkler head 5 according to the preset time, and together with the flow meter, it can achieve precise control of rainfall intensity and duration, improving the accuracy of simulating dynamic changes in rainfall; A first transmission box 12 with its output end coaxially fixed to the first lead screw is installed at one end of a guide rail. A first motor 10 for driving the first lead screw is installed at the input end of the first transmission box 12. A second transmission box is installed at one end of a second guide rail 11. A second motor that drives the second lead screw through the second transmission box is installed on the top surface of the second transmission box. A programmer is installed on the top surface of the first transmission box 12. A PLC control cabinet 9 connected to the programmer via a signal cable is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cube model 1. The first motor 10 and the second motor are stepper motors of model 57BYG250H, which have high control precision and stable operation. The PLC control cabinet 9 is an S7-200SMART model, which is easy to program and can accurately control the start, stop and speed of the motor.Both the first transmission box 12 and the second transmission box use NMRV030 type reducers, which are internally driven by worm gears and have a self-locking function. Through the above structure, the PLC control cabinet 9 controls the motor to drive the lead screw to rotate, realizing the automated movement of the nozzle 5, ensuring uniform rainfall coverage, and improving the automation level and rainfall simulation effect of the device.

[0016] Working Principle: In the use of this utility model, firstly, the semi-enclosed cubic model 1 is reinforced by triangular supports, and the side plates 2 are fitted vertically along the grooves, closing the side openings of the model to form a test container; a sand and gravel cushion layer is laid flat at the bottom of the model, and the soil and rock samples are filled in layers on the sand and gravel cushion layer, with multiple humidity sensors 4 evenly embedded in each layer. During the embedding process, the humidity sensors 4 are connected to the data processing equipment via transmission lines, and are gradually embedded into the side plates 2 during the filling process to reduce disturbance to the samples and sensors; the first and second time-adjusting solenoid valves 7 and 8 have built-in time adjusters, and multiple duration groups and intensity time groups are set for them. The duration group controls the duration of rainfall, and the intensity time group adjusts the flow rate per unit time by adjusting the opening combination of different solenoid valves, in conjunction with replaceable nozzles 5, to adjust the rainfall intensity, thereby simulating the time scale characteristics of climate rainfall; the water supply component supplies water to the simulated rainfall component through the water supply valve 6, water supply pipe 8 and water pipe joints, and the flow meter monitors the flow rate in real time; the PLC control cabinet 9 controls the first The first motor 10 drives the first lead screw to rotate, causing the first slider to move along the first guide rail. The second motor drives the second lead screw to rotate, causing the second slider to move along the second guide rail 11, so that the nozzle 5 moves evenly in the XY plane, avoiding in-situ erosion caused by fixed-position spraying and ensuring uniform rainfall distribution. During rainfall, rainwater is sprayed onto the surface of the soil and rock sample through the nozzle 5 and infiltrates. The humidity sensor 4 monitors the humidity changes of the soil and rock at different depths in real time. The data is transmitted to the data processing equipment for processing and analysis via a transmission line. The semi-enclosed cube model 1 and side plate 2 made of transparent acrylic material facilitate the observation of the movement of the wetting front. Drainage and data collection: the rainwater that infiltrates into the soil and rock sample is filtered by the sand and gravel cushion layer and discharged through the bottom drainage pipe. The filter material layer prevents soil particles from clogging the pipe. The drainage valve 3 controls the drainage. The graduated cylinder collects the discharged rainwater to calculate the infiltration amount. After the test, the data is summarized and analyzed by the data processing equipment to complete the rainfall infiltration test. At this point, the device is used.

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device, comprising a semi-enclosed cubic model (1), characterized in that: The semi-enclosed cube model (1) has an opening face formed by four side plates (2) forming a closed plate. The top surface of the semi-enclosed cube model (1) is equipped with a simulated rainfall component. A platform is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cube model (1), and a water supply component is installed on the platform. The semi-enclosed cube model (1) is filled with sand and soil materials. An installation hole is opened at the lower end of the inner wall of the semi-enclosed cube model (1), and a drainage pipe is installed in the installation hole. A drainage valve (3) is installed on the drainage pipe. Triangular support plates are symmetrically fixed to both sides of the bottom end of the semi-enclosed cube model (1).

2. The time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-enclosed cube model (1) and the side plate (2) have grooves on their opposite surfaces. The side plate (2) and the semi-enclosed cube model (1) have protrusions that are inserted into the grooves. The top surface of the side plate (2) has a groove, and the bottom surface of the side plate (2) has a protrusion that corresponds to the groove. The side plates (2) are fixed together by the groove and the protrusion. The semi-enclosed cube model (1) and the side plate (2) can be made of transparent acrylic material.

3. The time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sand and gravel material is laid on the bottom surface of the semi-enclosed cube model (1) to form a sand and gravel cushion layer. The soil and rock material is layered and filled in the semi-enclosed cube model (1) to form a soil and rock sample. Multiple humidity sensors (4) are evenly embedded in each layer of the soil and rock sample. The drain pipe is filled with filter material. A measuring cylinder is provided at the outlet of the drain valve (3).

4. The time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulated rainfall component includes two first guide rails symmetrically arranged on the top surface of a semi-enclosed cube model (1). The interior of the two first guide rails is respectively equipped with a guide rod and a first lead screw. A first slider is sleeved on both the first lead screw and the guide rod. A second guide rail (11) is fixed between the top surfaces of the two sliders. A second lead screw is rotatably arranged inside the second guide rail (11). A second slider is sleeved on the second lead screw. A nozzle (5) is installed on the second slider.

5. The time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water supply assembly includes a water supply valve (6), a first time-adjustable solenoid valve (7), and a water supply pipe (8). The water supply pipe (8) is connected to the water supply valve (6) and to the first time-adjustable solenoid valve (7) through the water supply pipe (8) and the water pipe joint. The first time-adjustable solenoid valve (7) is connected to the first water pipe joint and three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves through the water supply pipe (8). The three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves are connected to the second water pipe joint and the nozzle (5) through the water supply pipe (8). A flow meter is installed on the water supply pipe (8) between the first time-adjustable solenoid valve (7) and the three sets of second time-adjustable solenoid valves. The water supply pipe (8) is located at one end of the second guide rail (11) in the shape of a spiral spring. The second guide rail (11) is provided with a limit box at the spiral spring-shaped part of the water supply pipe (8).

6. The time-scale-based rainfall infiltration test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first transmission box (12) with its output end coaxially fixed to the first lead screw is installed at one end of the first guide rail. A first motor (10) for driving the first lead screw is installed at the input end of the first transmission box (12). A second transmission box is installed at one end of the second guide rail (11). A second motor for driving the second lead screw is installed on the top surface of the second transmission box. A programmer is installed on the top surface of the first transmission box (12). A PLC control cabinet (9) connected to the programmer via a signal cable is provided on one side of the semi-enclosed cube model (1).

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