Pyrotechnic fuse

Abstract

This application relates to a pyrotechnic fuse, comprising a housing including an interconnected receiving space and an arc-extinguishing space; a conductor passing through the housing with a portion of its structure located between the receiving space and the arc-extinguishing space; an arc-extinguishing medium housed within the arc-extinguishing space; a cutting component movably disposed within the receiving space; and a driving mechanism configured to drive the cutting component toward the conductor and cut the conductor, with a portion of its structure entering the arc-extinguishing space; an electric arc is generated at the break point of the conductor, which is driven into the arc-extinguishing space by the cutting component, causing the electric arc to come into contact with the arc-extinguishing medium; a preset embedment depth exists between the cutting component and the arc-extinguishing medium within the arc-extinguishing space. By rationally designing the preset embedment depth of the cutting component in the arc-extinguishing medium, it is possible to ensure that the electric arc is rapidly surrounded by the arc-extinguishing medium, fully absorbing and dissipating the arc energy, achieving rapid and reliable arc extinguishing, while extending the service life of the cutting component and the arc-extinguishing medium, and improving the overall performance of the pyrotechnic fuse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit protection technology, and in particular to pyrotechnic fuses. Background Technology

[0002] In DC power systems, DC pyrotechnic fuses or current cut-off devices serve as critical protective components. Their main function is to quickly disconnect the circuit when faults occur, such as overloads or short circuits, preventing equipment damage and safety accidents. However, during the circuit disconnection process of a pyrotechnic fuse, an electric arc is generated. Electric arcs are characterized by high temperature and high energy. If they are not extinguished promptly and effectively, they can damage the fuse itself and potentially cause more serious electrical faults, even jeopardizing the safe and stable operation of the entire power system. Therefore, arc-extinguishing technology for DC fuses is of paramount importance.

[0003] In the field of pyrotechnic fuse arc extinguishing technology, two methods are used: wire mesh arc extinguishing and parallel fuse arc extinguishing.

[0004] The wire mesh arc extinguishing method utilizes the large surface area of ​​metal to dissipate arc energy. The arc generated at the cut end of the copper busbar enters the arc extinguishing chamber equipped with wire mesh, where its energy is absorbed, thus extinguishing the arc. The wire mesh is typically composed of a spatial mesh layer made of crisscrossing fine steel wires. This method offers several advantages, such as its relatively simple structure, ease of manufacturing and assembly, and reduced production costs and complexity to some extent.

[0005] However, the wire mesh arc extinguishing solution also has significant drawbacks. Firstly, the limited volume of the wire mesh necessitates a customized design based on the product structure. When dealing with short-duration, high-current systems exceeding 1000V, sufficient wire mesh volume is required to meet arc extinguishing demands, resulting in a bulky overall device that occupies considerable space, hindering miniaturization and integration. Secondly, the high temperature generated by the electric arc (exceeding the molten metal temperature) causes localized melting and adhesion of the wire mesh openings. This adhesion damages the original structure of the wire mesh, reducing its ability to absorb arc energy and consequently affecting the arc extinguishing effect. It cannot reliably guarantee rapid and effective arc extinguishing under various fault conditions.

[0006] The parallel fuse arc extinguishing scheme employs a structure in which the main copper busbar (equipped with a piston punch system) and the fuse wire are connected in parallel. In addition to disconnecting the main copper busbar, since it also contains a fuse wire, the fuse wire generates an electric arc when heated and vaporized. At this time, it is also necessary to extinguish the arc generated by the vaporization of the fuse wire to finally disconnect the system circuit.

[0007] However, while the parallel fuse arc extinguishing scheme attempts to address high breaking capacity requirements, it also introduces a series of new problems. First, the timing of actions is difficult to coordinate. Mechanical switches require time to break, and fuses also require time to melt, resulting in a relatively long total time for both the copper busbar and the fuse to disconnect. However, DC systems have extremely high requirements for breaking speed; the fastest possible breaking speed is crucial for ensuring system safety, a critical requirement that this scheme cannot meet. Second, the success rate of current transfer is significantly affected by circuit impedance matching. Improper circuit impedance matching can lead to current transfer failure, causing the main copper busbar to bear excessive current and energy, potentially leading to burnout and explosion, posing a significant safety hazard to the entire power system. Third, adding fuses adds an extra system to the product structure, increasing not only the product's size and weight but also complicating the manufacturing process, raising production costs and extending the production cycle, thus reducing the product's market competitiveness.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of DC fuse arc extinguishing technology to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and meet the higher requirements of DC power systems for fuse arc extinguishing performance. Utility Model Content

[0009] Based on this, a pyrotechnic fuse is provided, which can achieve an ideal balance in terms of arc extinguishing effect, equipment size, breaking speed, and action coordination.

[0010] A pyrotechnic fuse, comprising:

[0011] The shell includes interconnected accommodating spaces and arc-extinguishing spaces;

[0012] A conductor is inserted through the housing, with a portion of its structure located between the accommodating space and the arc-extinguishing space;

[0013] An arc-extinguishing medium is contained within the arc-extinguishing space;

[0014] The cutting component is movably disposed within the accommodating space;

[0015] And a driving mechanism, which drives the cutting assembly to move toward the conductor by explosive force, so that the conductor is subjected to pressure in the direction of movement of the cutting assembly, forming a break, and part of the structure of the cutting assembly can pass through the break and enter the arc extinguishing space;

[0016] The conductor separates at the break point, causing an electric arc to be generated in the separation area. The arc is then driven into the arc-extinguishing space by the cutting component, causing the electric arc to come into contact with the arc-extinguishing medium. The cutting component and the arc-extinguishing medium located in the arc-extinguishing space have a preset burial depth.

[0017] In one embodiment, the arc-extinguishing medium includes quartz sand filled in the arc-extinguishing space, and a sealing layer is provided on top of the quartz sand;

[0018] When the cutting component is inserted into the quartz sand, the compactness of the quartz sand increases.

[0019] In one embodiment, the arc-extinguishing medium further includes boric acid powder filling the arc-extinguishing space, and the boric acid powder is mixed in the quartz sand.

[0020] In one embodiment, the burial depth is 5mm-15mm.

[0021] In one embodiment, the arc extinguishing space includes an arc extinguishing channel and an arc extinguishing cavity, wherein the arc extinguishing cavity is connected to the accommodating space through the arc extinguishing channel;

[0022] The arc-extinguishing medium is filled in the arc-extinguishing cavity.

[0023] In one embodiment, the arc extinguishing space includes at least one; when there are multiple arc extinguishing spaces, the multiple arc extinguishing spaces are spaced apart.

[0024] In one embodiment, the cutting assembly includes a body and at least one support, the support being connected to the body;

[0025] The support is configured to cut off the conductor.

[0026] In one embodiment, the cutting assembly is made of plastic and / or metal steel.

[0027] In one embodiment, at least one trench is provided on the conductor, the trench corresponding to the arc-extinguishing space; and / or,

[0028] The conductor has multiple notches, which are corresponding to the arc-extinguishing space.

[0029] In one embodiment, the drive mechanism includes an igniter.

[0030] The aforementioned pyrotechnic fuse, through a rationally designed pre-buried depth of the cutting component in the arc-extinguishing medium, achieves almost simultaneous circuit cutting and arc extinguishing functions. This ensures that the arc is rapidly surrounded by the arc-extinguishing medium, which has a large surface area and insulating capabilities to fully absorb and dissipate arc energy, achieving rapid and reliable arc extinguishing and improving the overall performance of the fuse. Furthermore, the fuse's overall structure is simple; through rational layout of components, unnecessary space occupation and structural redundancy are reduced, making the fuse smaller and lighter, facilitating installation and integration into various electrical equipment, and effectively lowering the overall product height. The components cooperate and work collaboratively without delay or conflict, enabling rapid conductor disconnection and effective arc extinguishing in the event of an overcurrent fault, achieving reliable overcurrent protection and providing strong protection for the safe operation of electrical equipment and circuit systems. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pyrotechnic fuse in an exemplary embodiment.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pyrotechnic fuse in an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 1. Shell; 11. Accommodation space; 12. Arc extinguishing space; 121. Arc extinguishing channel; 122. Arc extinguishing cavity; 13. Through hole; 2. Conductor; 21. Groove; 22. Notch; 3. Arc extinguishing medium; 4. Cut-off assembly; 41. Main body; 42. Support; 5. Drive mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0037] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0041] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a pyrotechnic fuse is used for overcurrent protection and can be widely used in various electrical equipment and circuit systems to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment and circuits. The pyrotechnic fuse includes a housing 1, a conductor 2, an arc-extinguishing medium 3, a cutting component 4, and a drive mechanism 5.

[0042] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the housing 1 is the external support structure of the entire pyrotechnic fuse. The housing 1 includes an interconnected accommodating space 11 and an arc-extinguishing space 12. The accommodating space 11 is used to house the cutting assembly 4 and at least part of the drive mechanism 5, providing a stable and reliable installation environment for these components.

[0043] For example, the top of the housing 1 is provided with a through hole 13, which communicates with the accommodating space 11. At least part of the structure of the drive mechanism 5 is disposed in the through hole 13, which not only provides sufficient installation space for the drive mechanism 5, but also facilitates its connection with the external control circuit and ensures smooth signal transmission.

[0044] The arc-extinguishing space 12 is used to contain the arc-extinguishing medium 3 and provide an effective absorption space for the extinction of the electric arc. In actual manufacturing, the shell 1 can be made of high-strength, high-insulation materials, such as engineering plastics or ceramics. Taking engineering plastics as an example, it has many advantages such as light weight, high strength, and good insulation performance. Under normal operation and fault conditions of the pyrotechnic fuse, the engineering plastic can effectively withstand the stress generated by the internal components, prevent the electric arc from leaking out and affecting the surrounding environment, thereby reliably protecting the internal components and ensuring the normal operation of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0045] In this embodiment, the housing 1 is made of a high-strength material with good insulation properties, which can effectively protect the internal components, prevent arc leakage, improve the safety and reliability of the pyrotechnic fuse, and ensure its stable operation under various working conditions.

[0046] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, conductor 2 is installed on housing 1, and part of conductor 2's structure is located between accommodating space 11 and arc-extinguishing space 12. Conductor 2 can be a main copper busbar structure, serving as a component for transmitting current. Under normal operating conditions, current can pass through conductor 2 without obstruction, achieving stable power transmission. When an overcurrent or other fault occurs in the circuit, conductor 2 will be cut off by the cutting-off component 4, thereby disconnecting the circuit and preventing damage to other equipment due to overcurrent.

[0047] The material of conductor 2 is typically a metal with good electrical conductivity and a certain degree of mechanical strength, such as copper or copper alloys. Copper has excellent electrical conductivity, ensuring low resistance loss and reducing energy waste during normal operation. Meanwhile, copper alloys also possess a certain degree of mechanical strength, enabling them to withstand significant stress during the cutting process, ensuring the reliability and stability of the cutting operation.

[0048] In this embodiment, conductor 2 is made of a metal with good electrical conductivity and a certain mechanical strength. This ensures efficient transmission of electrical energy, reduces energy loss, and reliably cuts off the circuit in case of a fault, protecting other equipment from damage.

[0049] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the arc-extinguishing medium 3 is contained within the arc-extinguishing space 12. Its function is to absorb the arc energy through contact with the arc when the arc is generated, so that the arc is quickly extinguished, thereby protecting the safety of the pyrotechnic fuse and other electrical equipment.

[0050] The arc-extinguishing medium 3 can be made of materials such as quartz sand, which fills at least part of the arc-extinguishing space 12. Numerous tiny channels can be formed between the quartz sand particles. After the electric arc enters the arc-extinguishing space 12, it is dispersed into these tiny channels, ensuring full contact with the quartz sand. During this process, the quartz sand can quickly absorb the heat of the electric arc, accelerating the dissipation of arc energy and significantly improving the arc-extinguishing effect. Furthermore, quartz sand has excellent insulation properties, and can quickly restore its insulating state after the arc is extinguished, effectively preventing the circuit from re-conducting and ensuring equipment safety.

[0051] In this embodiment, quartz sand is used as the arc-extinguishing medium 3. The tiny channels between its particles allow the electric arc to be fully dispersed and come into contact with the quartz sand, rapidly absorbing arc energy and improving the arc-extinguishing effect. Simultaneously, its excellent insulation properties prevent the circuit from re-establishing conductivity, further ensuring equipment safety.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the cutting component 4 is movably disposed within the accommodating space 11 for cutting the conductor 2. The shape and structure of the cutting component 4 can be flexibly designed according to actual needs; for example, a blade-shaped structure can be adopted. The blade-shaped cutting component 4 has a sharp cutting edge, which can accurately cut into the conductor 2 under the action of the driving mechanism 5, achieving fast and reliable cutting.

[0053] The material of the cutting component 4 should possess high hardness and wear resistance. For example, it can be made of plastic to reduce manufacturing costs. Alternatively, it can be made of steel with an external insulating material, such as tool steel or high-speed steel. The high hardness of the cutting component 4 made of metallic steel allows it to easily cut conductor 2, accelerating the cutting speed and reducing the total system operation time. Furthermore, the high melting and boiling points of metallic steel give the cutting component 4 higher temperature resistance, preventing damage from high temperatures during arc generation and ensuring long-term stable use. Alternatively, it can be made from a composite of plastic and metallic steel, depending on the specific circumstances.

[0054] In this embodiment, the cutting component 4 is made of a high-hardness and wear-resistant material, especially metal steel, which can improve the cutting speed, reduce the system action time, and has a high temperature resistance, ensuring that the cutting component 4 can still work normally under multiple operations and high-temperature environments, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0055] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the drive mechanism 5 is used to drive the cutting assembly 4 toward the conductor 2 and cut the conductor 2, and part of the drive mechanism 5 can enter the arc extinguishing space 12. The drive mechanism 5 can be of various types; taking a pyrotechnic drive mechanism as an example, the drive mechanism 5 includes an igniter.

[0056] When an overcurrent fault occurs in the circuit, the igniter in the pyrotechnic drive mechanism is triggered, generating high-temperature, high-pressure gas that causes an explosion. This high-temperature, high-pressure gas rapidly propels the cutting assembly 4 toward the conductor 2. The conductor 2 is subjected to pressure in the direction of movement of the cutting assembly 4, thus cutting the conductor 2 and forming a break. During the process of the drive mechanism 5 pushing the cutting assembly 4, part of its structure can pass through the break and enter the arc-extinguishing space 12. It can guide the arc into the arc-extinguishing space 12 and ensure that the cutting assembly 4 is in a suitable position within the arc-extinguishing space 12 so as to make full contact with the arc-extinguishing medium 3, thereby improving the arc-extinguishing effect.

[0057] In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 5 enters the arc extinguishing space 12, which can guide the arc to accurately enter the arc extinguishing space 12 and make full contact with the arc extinguishing medium 3, thereby improving the arc extinguishing efficiency, ensuring that the arc can be extinguished quickly and reliably, and protecting the overcurrent protection function of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0058] When an overcurrent or other fault occurs in the circuit, the drive mechanism 5 receives a corresponding signal. The external detection circuit of the pyrotechnic fuse, upon determining that the circuit is experiencing a fault current, quickly supplies power to the igniter circuit, triggering the igniter. The drive mechanism 5 then begins to operate, pushing the cutting assembly 4 towards the conductor 2. During its movement, the cutting assembly 4 contacts and cuts the conductor 2, separating the conductor 2 at the break point and generating an electric arc in the separated area.

[0059] Due to the driving action of the drive mechanism 5 and the motion trajectory design of the cutting component 4, the electric arc is driven into the arc-extinguishing space 12 by the cutting component 4, allowing the electric arc to fully contact the arc-extinguishing medium 3. There is a preset embedment depth between the cutting component 4 and the arc-extinguishing medium 3 within the arc-extinguishing space 12. This preset embedment depth is designed based on the arc-extinguishing effect and actual working requirements. A suitable preset embedment depth ensures that the electric arc is quickly surrounded by the arc-extinguishing medium 3 after entering the arc-extinguishing space 12, allowing the arc energy to be fully absorbed and dissipated, thereby achieving rapid and reliable arc extinguishing. For example, when the embedment depth of the cutting component 4 in the arc-extinguishing medium 3 is 5mm-15mm, the arc can be extinguished in a shorter time, while ensuring the service life of both the cutting component 4 and the arc-extinguishing medium 3.

[0060] The pyrotechnic fuse provided in this embodiment, through a rationally designed preset embedment depth of the cutting component 4 in the arc-extinguishing medium 3, ensures that the arc is rapidly surrounded by the arc-extinguishing medium, fully absorbing and dissipating arc energy, achieving rapid and reliable arc extinguishing, and improving the overall performance of the pyrotechnic fuse. Furthermore, the various components cooperate and work together to quickly cut off the conductor 2 and effectively extinguish the arc when an overcurrent fault occurs in the circuit, achieving reliable overcurrent protection and providing strong protection for the safe operation of electrical equipment and circuit systems.

[0061] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the arc-extinguishing medium 3 includes quartz sand filled in the arc-extinguishing space 12, thereby constructing an efficient arc-extinguishing basic environment.

[0062] When the cutting component 4 begins to insert into the quartz sand, the physical intervention of the cutting component 4 exerts a compressive effect on the quartz sand, causing its density to increase significantly. This increase in density creates favorable conditions for the subsequent arc extinguishing process.

[0063] As the cutting component 4 continues to penetrate deeper into the quartz sand, the compression of the quartz sand intensifies, further increasing its density. Simultaneously, the increased insertion depth of the cutting component 4 gradually expands the heat exchange area between the quartz sand and the component. Within the extremely short time of arc generation, the densely packed and increasingly dense quartz sand can rapidly envelop and cool the arc. Furthermore, due to its unique physical properties, the sand layer can efficiently adsorb charged particles generated by the arc, thereby rapidly weakening the arc's energy and ultimately extinguishing it. This timely circuit disconnection effectively prevents potential circuit failures or safety accidents caused by the continued presence of an arc.

[0064] Furthermore, in coordination with the drive mechanism 5, the powerful explosive force generated by the drive mechanism 5 synchronously propels the cutting component 4 to cut the conductor 2. During this process, the cutting component 4 enters the quartz sand simultaneously with the electric arc. As the insertion depth of the cutting component 4 increases, the contact area between the quartz sand and the cutting component 4 continuously expands. This allows the quartz sand to more fully exert its arc-extinguishing effect, dramatically improving its arc-extinguishing capability, further shortening the arc-extinguishing time, and enhancing the reliability and safety of the entire circuit protection device.

[0065] The top of the quartz sand is equipped with a sealing layer, which can be made of a soft material to seal the quartz sand and prevent leakage. The soft material can be a rubber film, silicone film, engineering plastic sheet, or insulating cardboard, etc., which will not hinder the movement of the cutting component 4, and can seal the quartz sand to prevent leakage.

[0066] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the arc-extinguishing medium 3 also includes boric acid powder (H3BO3) filled in the arc-extinguishing space 12, which is mixed with quartz sand. The addition of boric acid powder to the original medium, and its uniform mixing with quartz sand, forms a composite arc-extinguishing medium, further improving the overall arc-extinguishing performance.

[0067] During the arc extinguishing process, the addition of a small amount of boric acid powder as an auxiliary agent to the quartz sand has a significant synergistic effect. When the arc is released, the boric acid powder rapidly absorbs the large amount of heat generated by the arc and decomposes, generating boric anhydride (B2O3) and water vapor. The heat absorbed by this decomposition reaction greatly enhances the cooling capacity of the quartz sand for the arc, allowing the arc to be cooled in a shorter time, thereby accelerating the arc extinguishing process.

[0068] Meanwhile, under the high temperature of the electric arc, the quartz sand particles are at risk of melting, but the endothermic effect of boric acid powder decomposition can effectively inhibit the melting of the sand particles. This characteristic fundamentally eliminates the vitrification of quartz sand caused by hot spots formed due to local overheating, ensuring the stability and reliability of the arc-extinguishing medium during long-term use and extending the service life of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0069] Furthermore, this embodiment also optimizes the overall design and driving method. Compared to the wire mesh solution in related technologies, the insufficient heat capacity of the wire mesh makes it difficult to meet the requirements of efficient arc extinguishing. The quartz sand or boric acid powder coated quartz sand used in this embodiment has a higher energy absorption density, enabling it to absorb more arc energy while maintaining the same arc extinguishing effect. Therefore, the pyrotechnic fuse of this disclosure can reduce its overall size, achieving miniaturization and weight reduction of the equipment while ensuring performance, thus improving the product's space utilization and portability.

[0070] To address the parallel fuse coordinated failure schemes in related technologies, this embodiment employs an integrated drive mechanism 5, specifically a method that uses gunpowder to drive the cutting component 4. This design effectively eliminates the current transfer stage, avoiding various failures and instabilities that may be caused by current transfer. Actual testing shows that the failure rate of the pyrotechnic fuse using this drive method can be reduced to below 0.1%, significantly improving product reliability and safety. Furthermore, in terms of cost, this embodiment has a more significant competitive advantage compared to the wire mesh and parallel fuse schemes in related technologies, reducing production costs and enhancing product market competitiveness while ensuring product quality and performance.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the arc extinguishing space 12 includes an arc extinguishing channel 121 and an arc extinguishing cavity 122. The arc extinguishing cavity 122 is connected to the accommodating space 11 through the arc extinguishing channel 121, providing a reasonable spatial layout for guiding the electric arc and enabling the arc extinguishing medium 3 to function.

[0072] The arc-extinguishing medium 3 is filled into the arc-extinguishing cavity 122. The arc-extinguishing medium 3 can be made of materials with good arc-extinguishing performance, such as quartz sand and boric acid powder coated quartz sand, which can effectively absorb arc energy, cool the arc and adsorb charged particles, thereby achieving the purpose of arc extinguishing.

[0073] In particular, the cross-sectional area of ​​the arc-extinguishing channel 121 is smaller than that of the arc-extinguishing cavity 122, and this dimensional difference design has many advantages. On the one hand, the arc-extinguishing channel 121 forms a clear path guide for the arc and the cutting component 4. When a fault occurs in the circuit and an arc is generated, the cutting component 4, under the action of the driving mechanism 5, drives the arc to move along the arc-extinguishing channel 121. This path guidance allows the arc and the cutting component 4 to accurately enter the arc-extinguishing area, improving the accuracy and reliability of the arc-extinguishing operation.

[0074] On the other hand, the smaller cross-sectional area of ​​the arc-extinguishing channel 121 can shrink the port of the arc-extinguishing cavity 122. During the generation and extinction of the electric arc, the arc-extinguishing medium 3 inside the arc-extinguishing cavity 122 will be disturbed by the high temperature of the electric arc and the airflow. If the port of the arc-extinguishing cavity 122 is not reasonably designed to shrink, the arc-extinguishing medium 3 may overflow, resulting in a reduction in the amount of arc-extinguishing medium inside the arc-extinguishing cavity 122, thereby affecting the arc-extinguishing effect. The shrinkage effect of the arc-extinguishing channel 121 can effectively prevent the overflow of the arc-extinguishing medium 3, ensuring that there is always enough arc-extinguishing medium 3 inside the arc-extinguishing cavity 122 to absorb the electric arc energy, cool the electric arc, and adsorb charged particles, thereby ensuring that the arc-extinguishing process can be carried out efficiently and stably, greatly improving the arc-extinguishing performance and reliability of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0075] In this embodiment, the arc extinguishing space 12, through the reasonable cooperation between the arc extinguishing channel 121 and the arc extinguishing cavity 122, and the cross-sectional area design of the arc extinguishing channel 121, provides a guarantee for the guidance of the electric arc and the stable existence of the arc extinguishing medium 3, effectively improving the arc extinguishing effect and overall performance of the pyrotechnic fuse.

[0076] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the number and layout of the arc extinguishing spaces 12 fully consider the diversity and flexibility of actual application scenarios, and can be designed in a targeted manner according to the actual situation to meet different circuit protection needs.

[0077] For example, when the circuit structure is relatively simple, the arc energy is small, or there are specific requirements for the spatial layout of the equipment, a single arc-extinguishing space 12 can be set. This single arc-extinguishing space 12 is positioned close to the center of the equipment. By placing the arc-extinguishing space 12 in the center, the arc can be attracted and guided relatively evenly by the central arc-extinguishing space 12, allowing the arc to enter the arc-extinguishing space 12 more smoothly for extinguishing, reducing the possibility of disorderly arc spread within the equipment, and lowering the risk of damage to other components of the equipment. Setting the arc-extinguishing space 12 in the center allows for more rational planning of the internal space of the equipment, avoiding space waste or unreasonable layout caused by improper placement of the arc-extinguishing space 12, and making the overall structure of the equipment more compact and rational.

[0078] For example, in applications with complex circuit structures, high arc energy, or extremely high requirements for arc extinguishing effect, multiple arc extinguishing spaces 12 can be set, such as two or three. These multiple arc extinguishing spaces 12 are set at intervals.

[0079] Multiple arc-extinguishing spaces 12 can simultaneously act on the electric arc. When an arc is generated, the arc-extinguishing spaces 12 at different locations can simultaneously attract and capture different parts of the arc, thus enabling fault current interruption at higher voltage levels such as 1500Vdc-2000Vdc. Compared to a single arc-extinguishing space 12, the multiple arc-extinguishing spaces 12 configuration can extinguish the arc more quickly and thoroughly, effectively preventing arc reignition and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the circuit.

[0080] The flexible design of the number of arc-extinguishing spaces 12 and the different layouts of single and multiple arc-extinguishing spaces 12 in this embodiment can provide diversified solutions according to actual application needs, effectively improve the arc-extinguishing performance and reliability of the equipment, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the circuit.

[0081] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the cutting assembly 4 includes a main body 41 and a support 42. The support 42 is fixedly connected to the main body 41 to ensure that the support 42 can maintain a constant relative position with the main body 41 during the operation of the cutting assembly 4, and work together to complete the task of cutting the conductor 2.

[0082] The number of supports 42 can be determined based on the number of arc-extinguishing spaces 12 or the expected number of fractures. In actual design, supports 42 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence with arc-extinguishing spaces 12 or expected fractures. Specifically, when there is one arc-extinguishing space 12, one support 42 can be set to match it; or, multiple supports 42 can be inserted into one arc-extinguishing space 12 simultaneously. When there are multiple arc-extinguishing spaces 12, such as two or three, two or three supports 42 are set accordingly, forming the corresponding number of fractures, so that each support 42 can be accurately inserted into the arc-extinguishing medium 3 in the corresponding arc-extinguishing space 12. This one-to-one correspondence design ensures that each support 42 can function within a specific arc-extinguishing space 12 during operation of the cutting assembly 4, guaranteeing the orderly execution of the cutting and arc-extinguishing processes.

[0083] The support 42 is used to cut the conductor 2. The support 42 is shaped like a metal cutting edge or punch, with the end furthest from the main body 41 being a pointed tip. On one hand, it can more accurately guide the electric arc. When a circuit fault generates an electric arc, the arc will have a certain tendency to move under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. The cutting edge or punch shape of the support 42 can act like a guide rail, accurately guiding the arc into the arc-extinguishing space 12, allowing the arc to quickly enter the arc-extinguishing medium 3, preparing for the subsequent arc-extinguishing process.

[0084] On the other hand, when multiple supports 42 are installed, multiple breaks are generated. During the process of cutting conductor 2, the large electric arc is effectively dispersed into smaller arcs at multiple breaks. This is because each support 42 generates an arc at a corresponding location when cutting conductor 2, and the simultaneous operation of multiple supports 42 disperses the originally concentrated large electric arc into multiple smaller arcs. Compared to the large electric arc, the smaller arcs have less energy and are easier to extinguish, thus reducing the difficulty of arc extinguishing and improving the efficiency and reliability of arc extinguishing.

[0085] Within the arc-extinguishing space 12, the support 42 is encased in quartz sand. When the support 42 cuts the conductor 2 to generate an electric arc and inserts into the quartz sand, the quartz sand can instantly absorb the arc energy over a large area. Multiple small electric arcs generated by multiple supports 42 are simultaneously encased in quartz sand, further increasing the contact area between the quartz sand and the electric arc, allowing the arc energy to be absorbed more quickly and fully, thus achieving the purpose of efficient arc extinguishing.

[0086] In this embodiment, the cutting component 4, through the connection between the main body 41 and the support 42, the corresponding setting of the number of supports 42 and the arc extinguishing space 12, the special shape of the support 42, and the cooperation with the quartz sand, can accurately guide the electric arc, disperse the large electric arc into a small electric arc, and absorb the electric arc energy in a large area in an instant, effectively improving the efficiency and reliability of arc extinguishing and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the circuit.

[0087] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a groove 21 is provided on the conductor 2, and the groove 21 is correspondingly provided with the arc extinguishing space 12. During implementation, the support 42 of the cutting component 4 will directly act on the groove 21, thereby achieving the disconnection of the conductor 2.

[0088] The thickness of the groove 21 is less than the thickness of the conductor 2. On the one hand, it provides an initial positioning path for the support 42. When the cutting assembly 4 is activated, the support 42 can move accurately along the extension direction of the groove 21, avoiding the problem that the support 42 can slide randomly on the surface of the conductor 2 and fail to accurately locate the cutting position, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the cutting operation.

[0089] On the other hand, it can also improve the cutting effect. Since the conductor 2 at the groove 21 is thinner, the force required for the support 42 to cut is relatively small, which makes it easier to cut into the conductor 2, making the cutting process smoother and reducing the possibility of jamming or incomplete cutting during the cutting process, thereby ensuring the quality of the cutting.

[0090] Alternatively, conductor 2 may have multiple notches 22, each notch 22 corresponding to an arc-extinguishing space 12. For example, notches 22 may be grouped in pairs, with each group corresponding to a support 42 and an arc-extinguishing space 12. The number of groups of notches 22 is related to the number of supports 42.

[0091] The notch 22 is designed to partially sever the conductor 2. When the support 42 acts on the conductor 2 between the two notches 22, the support 42 can easily sever this portion of the conductor 2, as its structural strength has been weakened by the notches 22. This design speeds up the severance and reduces the overall system operation time. This rapid severance characteristic is particularly important in situations where a circuit fault requires quick severance of the conductor 2 to prevent the accident from escalating, effectively protecting the safety of circuit equipment and personnel.

[0092] It is understandable that the design of conductor 2 is not limited to providing only a groove 21 or a notch 22, but can also provide both groove 21 and notch 22 simultaneously to further improve the cutting effect. Specifically, the groove 21 and the notch 22 can be provided on both sides along the thickness direction of conductor 2.

[0093] When both groove 21 and notch 22 are provided, groove 21 provides an initial positioning path for support 42, enabling it to move accurately to the approximate cutting position. Notch 22 further weakens the structural strength of conductor 2, allowing for easier and faster cutting when support 42 reaches its vicinity. This combined design fully leverages the advantages of both groove 21 and notch 22, working synergistically to improve cutting efficiency and reliability through both positioning and weakening of cutting strength. This ensures fast and accurate cutting of conductor 2 under various complex circuit conditions.

[0094] In this embodiment, the conductor 2 is provided with different methods such as groove 21, notch 22 or both, and cooperates with the support 42 of the cutting component 4 and the arc extinguishing space 12 to achieve precise positioning and rapid cutting of the conductor 2, effectively improving the cutting effect and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the circuit.

[0095] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0096] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pyrotechnic fuse, characterized in that include: The shell includes interconnected accommodating spaces and arc-extinguishing spaces; A conductor is inserted through the housing, with a portion of its structure located between the accommodating space and the arc-extinguishing space; An arc-extinguishing medium is contained within the arc-extinguishing space; The cutting component is movably disposed within the accommodating space; And a driving mechanism, which drives the cutting assembly to move toward the conductor by explosive force, so that the conductor is subjected to pressure in the direction of movement of the cutting assembly, forming a break, and part of the structure of the cutting assembly can pass through the break and enter the arc extinguishing space; The conductor separates at the break point, causing an electric arc to be generated in the separation area. The arc is then driven into the arc-extinguishing space by the cutting component, causing the electric arc to come into contact with the arc-extinguishing medium. The cutting component and the arc-extinguishing medium located in the arc-extinguishing space have a preset burial depth.

2. The pyrotechnic fuse of claim 1, wherein The arc-extinguishing medium includes quartz sand filled in the arc-extinguishing space, and a sealing layer is provided on top of the quartz sand; When the cutting component is inserted into the quartz sand, the compactness of the quartz sand increases.

3. The pyrotechnic fuse of claim 2, wherein The arc-extinguishing medium also includes boric acid powder filling the arc-extinguishing space, and the boric acid powder is mixed in the quartz sand.

4. The pyrotechnic fuse of claim 1, wherein The burial depth is 5mm-15mm.

5. The pyrotechnic fuse of claim 1, wherein The arc extinguishing space includes an arc extinguishing channel and an arc extinguishing cavity, and the arc extinguishing cavity is connected to the accommodating space through the arc extinguishing channel; The arc-extinguishing medium is filled in the arc-extinguishing cavity.

6. The pyrotechnic fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc extinguishing space includes at least one; when there are multiple arc extinguishing spaces, the multiple arc extinguishing spaces are arranged at intervals.

7. The pyrotechnic fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting assembly includes a main body and at least one support, the support being connected to the main body; The support is configured to cut off the conductor.

8. The pyrotechnic fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting assembly is made of plastic and / or metal steel.

9. The pyrotechnic fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductor has at least one groove, which corresponds to the arc-extinguishing space; and / or, The conductor has multiple notches, which are corresponding to the arc-extinguishing space.

10. The pyrotechnic fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes an igniter.

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