An electric core module and a battery pack based on evaporation heat dissipation

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of based on evaporation heat dissipation's battery cell module and battery pack, it is related to battery cell heat dissipation technical field, including box, multiple battery cells are equipped in box, box top cover is equipped with box upper cover, multiple groups of heat pipe cooling devices are further equipped in box, each group of heat pipe cooling device includes: evaporation cavity, it is arranged between adjacent battery cell, evaporation cavity is filled with evaporating agent inside;Condensing cavity is formed in box upper cover and is located the directly above of evaporation cavity, and condensing cavity and evaporation cavity are communicated.Effective is that heat pipe absorbs the heat of battery cell inside module and is given evaporating agent to evaporate-condense circulation heat dissipation, compared with the passive air cooling heat dissipation of traditional battery cell module, the temperature of battery cell middle in module can be effectively reduced to avoid high temperature risk;Compared with traditional liquid cooling heat dissipation mode, complex liquid cooling pipeline and liquid cooling heat exchange device do not need to be installed, with simple structure, low in cost, high heat dissipation efficiency, the advantage of saving automobile energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery cell module technology, and in particular to a battery cell module and battery pack based on evaporative cooling. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in the number of new energy vehicles, the thermal safety of power battery packs has become increasingly prominent, posing a significant challenge to the industry's safe development. During operation, power batteries undergo complex electrochemical reactions, generating substantial heat and causing a significant rise in battery temperature. Sustained high temperatures can easily induce uncontrollable side reactions within the battery (such as SEI film decomposition, electrolyte decomposition, and reactions between positive and negative electrode materials), potentially leading to thermal runaway and serious safety hazards such as fires and explosions.

[0003] In controlling the risk of thermal runaway in power batteries, thermal management is a crucial aspect. Currently, there are two main types of thermal management solutions in the industry:

[0004] Passive air cooling solutions are simple in structure and mainly rely on natural convection or forced ventilation for heat dissipation. However, they have low heat dissipation efficiency and small heat capacity, making them ineffective in addressing the temperature rise issue inside the power battery module (especially in the central cells). The core problem is that air cooling cannot effectively and efficiently dissipate the heat accumulated in the cells, resulting in a large temperature gradient inside the module, with excessively high temperatures in the central area, which fails to effectively suppress the risk of thermal runaway.

[0005] Active liquid cooling solution: This solution uses circulating coolant to flow through liquid cooling plates or pipes inside the battery pack, utilizing the high specific heat capacity of the liquid to achieve efficient heat dissipation. While liquid cooling is significantly superior to air cooling in terms of temperature uniformity and heat dissipation capacity, it also has significant drawbacks: a) The system is complex, requiring the addition of liquid cooling pipes, pumps, heat exchangers, expansion tanks, and corresponding control valves; b) The control system is complex, requiring temperature sensors, flow control units, and corresponding control loops, increasing the system's failure points and maintenance difficulty; c) Costs are significantly increased, as the complex hardware and control system directly drive up the overall vehicle manufacturing cost; d) Energy consumption is high, as the continuous operation of components such as the liquid cooling pump consumes additional vehicle power, reducing the vehicle's driving range. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a battery cell module based on evaporative cooling, including a housing, a plurality of battery cells disposed inside the housing, a housing cover on the top of the housing, and a plurality of heat pipe cooling devices disposed inside the housing, each heat pipe cooling device comprising:

[0007] An evaporation chamber is disposed between adjacent battery cells, and the evaporation chamber is filled with an evaporating agent.

[0008] A condensation chamber is formed in the upper cover of the housing and located directly above the evaporation chamber, and the condensation chamber and the evaporation chamber are in communication.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a pressure regulating device, which is connected to the evaporation chamber or the condensation chamber of the heat pipe cooling device.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the top cover of the housing is provided with heat dissipation fins, and the interior of the heat dissipation fins is hollow to form the condensation cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure regulating device is electrically connected to the electronic control unit.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure regulating device is a piston-type pressure regulating device.

[0013] Preferably, the pressure regulating device is a negative pressure regulating device.

[0014] Preferably, the pressure regulating device is connected to the heat pipe cooling device via a pressure regulating pipe.

[0015] Preferably, there is one pressure regulating device, and each pressure regulating device is connected to multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices through the pressure regulating pipe;

[0016] Alternatively, there may be multiple pressure regulating devices, each of which is connected to one or more sets of heat pipe cooling devices via the pressure regulating pipe.

[0017] Preferably, when the pressure regulating device is connected to multiple sets of the heat pipe cooling devices, the pressure regulating pipe includes:

[0018] The main pipe, one end of which is connected to the pressure regulating device;

[0019] Multiple secondary pipes, each of which connects the other end of the main pipe to the heat pipe cooling device.

[0020] This utility model also provides a battery pack, including the cell module as described above.

[0021] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0022] The heat pipe cooling device absorbs the heat from the battery cells inside the module and transfers it to the evaporator for evaporation-condensation cycle heat dissipation. Compared with the passive air cooling of traditional battery cell modules, it can effectively reduce the temperature in the middle of the battery cells inside the module and avoid the risk of high temperature. Compared with the traditional liquid cooling method, it does not require the installation of complex liquid cooling pipes and liquid cooling heat exchange devices, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high heat dissipation efficiency, and saving automotive energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery cell module based on evaporative heat dissipation is shown in a preferred embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a battery cell module based on evaporative cooling is shown in a preferred embodiment of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat pipe cooling device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment; other embodiments that conform to the spirit of the present invention may also fall within its scope.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, a battery cell module based on evaporative heat dissipation is provided, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, the device includes a housing 2, which contains multiple battery cells 3. A housing cover 5 covers the top of the housing 2. The device is characterized by further including multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices 1 within the housing 2. Each set of heat pipe cooling devices 1 includes:

[0028] An evaporation chamber 11 is disposed between adjacent battery cells 3, and the evaporation chamber 11 is filled with an evaporating agent.

[0029] The condensing chamber 12 is formed in the upper cover 5 of the housing and is located directly above the evaporating chamber 11, and the condensing chamber 12 and the evaporating chamber 11 are connected.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the battery cell module has a heat pipe cooling device 1 filled with evaporating agent between adjacent battery cells 3. When the battery cell generates heat, the liquid evaporating agent absorbs heat through evaporation, and then the gaseous evaporating agent moves upward into the condensation chamber and condenses to dissipate heat, becoming liquid and flowing back. This evaporating-condensing cycle achieves cyclic heat dissipation for the battery cell. Compared with the passive air cooling of traditional battery cell modules, this effectively reduces the temperature in the middle of the battery cell within the module, avoiding the risk of high temperatures. Compared with traditional liquid cooling methods, it does not require the installation of complex liquid cooling pipes and liquid cooling heat exchange devices, resulting in a simple structure, low cost, high heat dissipation efficiency, and savings in automotive energy consumption.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pressure regulating device 4 is further included, which is connected to the evaporation chamber 11 or the condensation chamber 12 of the heat pipe cooling device 1.

[0032] Specifically, since the boiling point of a liquid is related to pressure, in this embodiment, the pressure in the heat pipe cooling device 1 is adjusted by the pressure regulating device 4 to change the boiling point of the evaporator, thereby regulating the temperature threshold for triggering heat dissipation of the battery cell.

[0033] Its core principle is based on the saturated vapor pressure-temperature characteristics of the evaporator (the Clausius-Clapeyron equation).

[0034] The principle behind the depressurization process is: depressurization → boiling point decrease → enhanced evaporation.

[0035] When the pressure regulating device 4 reduces the internal pressure of the heat pipe, the saturated boiling point of the evaporator decreases accordingly (for example, the boiling point of water is 100°C under normal pressure, but it can be lowered to below room temperature under vacuum).

[0036] At this point, even if the heat generated by the battery cell is small (e.g., a temperature rise of only 5-10°C), it can still cause the liquid evaporator to rapidly absorb heat and vaporize.

[0037] The effect is that the intensity of the evaporation phase change is greatly improved, more latent heat is absorbed (Q=m·L_v, where L_v is the latent heat of vaporization), and the heat dissipation efficiency is significantly improved.

[0038] The principle behind the pressurization process is: pressurization → boiling point increase → evaporation inhibition.

[0039] When the pressure regulating device 4 increases the internal pressure of the heat pipe, the boiling point of the evaporator rises (e.g., from 50°C to 80°C).

[0040] The battery cell needs to reach a higher temperature to trigger the phase change of the evaporator; the amount of evaporation decreases at low temperatures.

[0041] The effect is that the evaporation intensity is reduced, the heat dissipation efficiency is reduced, and the battery is prevented from becoming too cold in low-temperature environments.

[0042] Based on the above principle, the pressure in the heat pipe cooling device 1 can be adjusted by the pressure regulating device 4 to change the boiling point of the evaporator, thereby controlling the temperature threshold for triggering heat dissipation of the battery cell. That is, when efficient cooling is required, the pressure in the heat pipe cooling device 1 is reduced to lower the boiling point of the evaporator, making it easier for it to boil and absorb more heat; conversely, when efficient cooling is not required, the pressure in the heat pipe cooling device 1 is kept constant or increased to raise the boiling point of the evaporator, making it less likely to boil and reducing heat absorption, thus achieving active temperature control of the battery cell.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the surface of the top cover 5 of the box is provided with heat dissipation fins 51, and the interior of the heat dissipation fins 51 is hollow to form a condensation cavity 12.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, the heat pipe cooling device 1 in this embodiment consists of two parts: an evaporation chamber 11 located inside the housing 2 and a condensation chamber 12 located in the housing cover 5. The two are connected and merged into a single cavity, which is then connected to the pressure regulating device 4.

[0045] The evaporation chamber 11 is located between adjacent battery cells, which can absorb the heat of the battery cells in a timely manner. After the evaporating agent absorbs heat and evaporates, it rises and enters the condensation chamber 12, where it comes into contact with the inner wall of the heat dissipation fins 51, condenses upon cooling, and then flows back, forming a circulating heat dissipation.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the pressure regulating device 4 is electrically connected to the electronic control unit.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cell module based on evaporative cooling can be used in vehicles to dissipate heat from the car battery.

[0048] The electronic control unit (ECU) of a car has a preset safe temperature for the battery. When the cell temperature (which can be obtained directly from the car's battery management system) is higher than the set temperature, the ECU sends a decompression command signal. The pressure regulator controls the heat pipe cooling device to decompress, lowering the boiling point of the evaporator and allowing for faster heat absorption. When the cell temperature meets the set temperature, the ECU sends a constant pressure command signal. The pressure regulator maintains constant pressure, controlling the heat pipe cooling device to maintain constant pressure. When the cell temperature is lower than the set temperature, the ECU sends a pressurization command signal. The pressure regulator pressurizes the heat pipe cooling device, increasing the boiling point of the evaporator and reducing heat absorption.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the pressure regulating device 4 is a piston-type pressure regulating device.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the pressure regulating device 4 is a negative pressure regulating device.

[0051] Specifically, the pressure regulating device in this embodiment can be of various different types, such as Figure 3 As shown, a piston-type pressure regulating device can be used. In other preferred embodiments, other types of pressure regulating devices can be used depending on factors such as equipment space, equipment cost, and pressure accuracy requirements.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the pressure regulating device 4 is connected to the heat pipe cooling device 1 via the pressure regulating pipe 41.

[0053] There is one pressure regulating device 4, and each pressure regulating device 4 is connected to multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices 1 through pressure regulating pipe 41.

[0054] Alternatively, there may be multiple pressure regulating devices 4, each of which is connected to one or more sets of heat pipe cooling devices 1 via a pressure regulating pipe 41.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, when the pressure regulating device 4 is connected to multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices 1, the pressure regulating pipe 41 includes:

[0056] The main pipe 411, one end of which is connected to the pressure regulating device 4;

[0057] Multiple secondary pipes 412 connect the other end of the main pipe 411 to the heat pipe cooling device 1.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices 1 can be set up, and multiple pressure regulating devices 4 can also be set up and connected to each heat pipe cooling device 1 respectively. The corresponding connection relationship can be one-to-one or one-to-many.

[0059] Furthermore, in situations where space or cost is limited, a pressure regulating device 1 can be used, and then connected to the evaporation chamber 11 or condensation chamber 12 in each heat pipe cooling device 1 through multiple secondary pipes 412 for synchronous pressure regulation.

[0060] This utility model also provides a battery pack, including the cell module as described above.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the content of this specification and illustrations should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An electric cell module based on evaporation heat dissipation, comprising a box, a plurality of electric cells are arranged in the box, and a box upper cover is arranged on the top of the box, characterized in that, The enclosure is also equipped with multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices, each set of which includes: An evaporation chamber is disposed between adjacent battery cells, and the evaporation chamber is filled with an evaporating agent. A condensation chamber is formed in the upper cover of the housing and located directly above the evaporation chamber, and the condensation chamber and the evaporation chamber are in communication; The battery cell module also includes a pressure regulating device, which is connected to the evaporation chamber or the condensation chamber of the heat pipe cooling device, and is electrically connected to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is used to drive the pressure regulating device to reduce, maintain, or increase the pressure inside the heat pipe cooling device according to the battery cell temperature provided by the battery management system, so as to change the saturated vapor pressure of the evaporator and thus adjust the phase change temperature of the evaporator.

2. The battery cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the top cover of the box is provided with heat dissipation fins, and the interior of the heat dissipation fins is hollow to form the condensation cavity.

3. The battery cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating device is a piston-type pressure regulating device.

4. The battery cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating device is a negative pressure type pressure regulating device.

5. The battery cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating device is connected to the heat pipe cooling device through a pressure regulating pipe.

6. The cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure regulating device is one, and each pressure regulating device is connected to multiple sets of heat pipe cooling devices through the pressure regulating pipe. Alternatively, there may be multiple pressure regulating devices, each of which is connected to one or more sets of heat pipe cooling devices via the pressure regulating pipe.

7. The cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the pressure regulating device is connected to multiple sets of the heat pipe cooling devices, the pressure regulating pipe includes: The main pipe, one end of which is connected to the pressure regulating device; Multiple secondary pipes, each of which connects the other end of the main pipe to the heat pipe cooling device.

8. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the cell module as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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