Carbon polymer layer pouch cell batteries and electrical appliances

Abstract

This utility model discloses a pouch-type battery with a carbon polymer layer and an electrical appliance, relating to the field of pouch-type battery technology. The pouch-type battery includes a current collector layer, wherein the current collector layer is configured as a carbon polymer layer. The technical solution provided by this utility model enables the combination of a pouch-type battery with a carbon polymer layer, utilizing the properties of the carbon polymer layer to improve the production efficiency of the pouch-type battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pouch-type battery technology, and in particular to a pouch-type battery containing a carbon polymer layer and an electrical appliance thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Pouch cells are a type of battery with a pouch-like structure. They consist of a pouch substrate and internal layers such as a current collector layer, an electrode layer, and an electrolyte separator. The current collector layer typically uses metal foils like aluminum or copper foil, supplemented with metal tabs to draw current. To ensure conductivity, a conductive carbon adhesive layer is also applied. The fabrication process for the current collector layer is complex, and the poor ductility of the metal foil makes it prone to wrinkling and breakage during winding / stacking, limiting the yield rate of pouch cells. In recent years, carbon polymer layers formed by combining conductive polymers (such as PEDOT:PSS) with carbon-based thin films (CNT, graphene) have shown advantages such as ease of manufacturing, high conductivity, and high flexibility. Therefore, combining pouch cells with carbon polymer layers holds great research potential.

[0003] It should be noted that the above content is only used to help understand the technical solution of this utility model, and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a pouch-type battery with a carbon polymer layer and an electrical appliance, aiming to combine the pouch-type battery with a carbon polymer layer and utilize the characteristics of the carbon polymer layer to improve the production efficiency and quality of the pouch-type battery.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a pouch-type battery with a carbon polymer layer, wherein the pouch-type battery includes a current collector layer, and the current collector layer is configured as a carbon polymer layer.

[0006] In one embodiment, the pouch-type battery includes a pouch-type substrate, inside which a first battery substrate and a second battery substrate are disposed. The first battery substrate and the second battery substrate include an electrolyte separator layer and two electrode layers with opposite polarities, the electrolyte separator layer being disposed between the two electrode layers. The current collector layer includes a first current collector layer and a second current collector layer, the first current collector layer being disposed between the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate, and the electrode layers located on opposite sides of the first current collector layer having the same polarity. The second current collector layer connects the sides of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate that are far apart from each other. The first current collector layer and / or the second current collector layer are configured as the carbon polymer layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the bag substrate is coated with the carbon polymer layer to form the second current collector layer; In one embodiment, the first collector layer is configured as an insulating substrate and carbon paste layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate, the carbon paste layers being connected to the electrode layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the carbon polymer layer includes a hot-melt polymer, which is used to heat-seal the carbon polymer layer to the bag substrate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the bag-type substrate is coated with a zinc metal material, or the bag-type substrate is made of the zinc metal material; the first current collector layer is configured as the carbon polymer layer, and manganese oxide material is coated on opposite sides of the carbon polymer layer, the manganese oxide material serving as the electrode layer for the positive electrode characteristics of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first current collector layer is configured as a carbon polymer layer, and the opposite sides of the carbon polymer layer are coated with a zinc material; the zinc material serves as an electrode layer with negative electrode characteristics for the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate.

[0011] In one embodiment, the pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate, the interior of which is filled with an electrolyte, and two electrode layers with opposite polarities are disposed inside the pouch substrate; the current collector layer includes an insulating substrate and carbon polymer layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate, and the current collector layer is disposed between the two electrode layers; the carbon polymer layers are connected to the electrode layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate. In one embodiment, the pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate, the interior of which includes an electrolyte membrane layer and two electrode layers with opposite polarities, the electrolyte membrane layer being disposed between the two electrode layers; the current collector layer includes a first current collector layer and a second current collector layer, the first current collector layer being disposed on the side of one of the electrode layers away from the electrolyte membrane layer, and the second current collector layer being disposed on the side of the other electrode layer away from the electrolyte membrane layer; the first current collector layer and / or the second current collector layer is configured as the carbon polymer layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the pouch-type battery further includes an electrolyte absorption layer, which is disposed inside the pouch substrate or on the side of the current collector layer; the electrolyte absorption layer is used to absorb and store the electrolyte.

[0013] In one embodiment, the current collector layer is provided with a through hole for the flow of electrolyte.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes an electrical appliance, which includes a carbon polymer layer pouch cell battery as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0015] The technical solution of this utility model uses a carbon polymer layer with excellent conductivity as the current collector layer in a pouch cell. On the one hand, the manufacturing process of the carbon polymer layer is convenient, replacing the complex manufacturing process of the current collector layer in traditional pouch cells; on the other hand, the high flexibility of the carbon polymer layer allows it to withstand a certain degree of winding / stacking, which helps improve the yield rate of the pouch cell. In summary, by using the carbon polymer layer as the current collector layer in a pouch cell, it is possible to combine the pouch cell with the carbon polymer layer, utilizing the properties of the carbon polymer layer to improve the production efficiency and quality of the pouch cell. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 2 A second schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 3 A third schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 4 Fourth schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 5 Fifth schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the sixth embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model, shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 Eighth schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model; Figure 9A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model, shown in Figure 9. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon-polymer layer pouch cell provided by this utility model is shown below.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Current collector layer; 101. First current collector layer; 102. Second current collector layer; 103. Through-hole section; 2. Bag substrate; 3. Electrode layer; 4. Electrolyte membrane layer; 5. Carbon polymer layer; 6. Carbon paste layer; 7. Zinc metal material; 8. Manganese oxide material; 9. Electrolyte absorption layer; 10. Sealant; 11. Insulating substrate; The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, what is described is only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, it should be noted that the descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., in this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0022] Pouch cells are a type of battery with a pouch-like structure. They consist of a pouch substrate and internal layers such as a current collector layer, an electrode layer, and an electrolyte separator. The current collector layer typically uses metal foils like aluminum or copper foil, supplemented with metal tabs to draw current. To ensure conductivity, a conductive carbon adhesive layer is also applied. The fabrication process for the current collector layer is complex, and the poor ductility of the metal foil makes it prone to wrinkling and breakage during winding / stacking, limiting the yield rate of pouch cells. In recent years, carbon polymer layers formed by combining conductive polymers (such as PEDOT:PSS) with carbon-based thin films (CNT, graphene) have shown advantages such as ease of manufacturing, high conductivity, and high flexibility. Therefore, combining pouch cells with carbon polymer layers holds great research potential.

[0023] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model proposes a carbon polymer layer pouch-type battery.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon polymer layer pouch cell includes a current collector layer 1, wherein the current collector layer 1 is configured as a carbon polymer layer 5.

[0025] The technical solution of this utility model uses a carbon polymer layer 5 with excellent conductivity as the current collector layer 1 in a pouch cell. On the one hand, the manufacturing process of the carbon polymer layer 5 is convenient, replacing the complex manufacturing process of the current collector layer 1 in traditional pouch cells; on the other hand, the carbon polymer layer 5 has high flexibility and can withstand a certain degree of winding / stacking, which is beneficial to improving the yield of the pouch cell. In summary, by using the carbon polymer layer 5 as the current collector layer 1 in a pouch cell, the pouch cell and the carbon polymer layer 5 can be combined, utilizing the characteristics of the carbon polymer layer 5 to improve the production efficiency and quality of the pouch cell.

[0026] Based on the above-mentioned use of carbon polymer layer 5 as the current collector layer 1 of the pouch cell, this application discloses the following embodiments one to three: Example 1: refer to Figure 2The pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate 2, inside which a first battery substrate and a second battery substrate are disposed. A sealant 10 is provided at the opening of the pouch substrate 2 to prevent electrolyte leakage. The first and second battery substrates include an electrolyte separator layer 4 and two electrode layers 3 with opposite polarities, with the electrolyte separator layer 4 disposed between the two electrode layers 3. The current collector layer 1 includes a first current collector layer 101 and a second current collector layer 102. The first current collector layer 101 is disposed between the first and second battery substrates, and the electrode layers 3 on opposite sides of the first current collector layer 101 have the same polarity. The second current collector layer 102 connects the sides of the first and second battery substrates that are far apart from each other. The first and / or second current collector layers 101 are configured as carbon polymer layers 5. This configuration allows the first and second battery substrates to be connected in parallel within the pouch substrate 2, which helps increase the total capacity of the pouch-type battery. In this embodiment, the electrolyte membrane layer 4 of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate are interconnected.

[0027] Further, refer to Figure 2 The inner wall of the pouch substrate 2 is coated with a carbon polymer layer 5 to form a second current collector layer 102. This configuration optimizes the manufacturing process of the second current collector layer 102. By coating it onto the inner wall of the pouch substrate 2, the electrode layers 3 on the sides of the first and second battery substrates that are geographically separated are then brought into contact with it, ensuring effective contact and connection between the electrode layers 3 and the second current collector layer 102. The manufacturing process of the second current collector layer 102 is convenient and helps to further improve the production efficiency of pouch-type batteries.

[0028] Further, refer to Figure 3 The first collector layer 101 is configured as an insulating substrate 11 and carbon paste layers 6 located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate 11. The carbon paste layers 6 are connected to the electrode layers 3 located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate 11. With this configuration, when the first collector layer 101, which serves as an intermediate insertion layer, is configured as a non-carbon polymer layer 5, an insulating substrate 11 is required, and carbon paste layers 6 are located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate 11, using the carbon paste layers 6 to connect with the electrode layers 3. As can be seen, the manufacturing process of the first collector layer 101 is complex, which further highlights the importance of using carbon polymer layer 5 as the first collector layer 101 in this application to improve production efficiency.

[0029] Furthermore, the carbon polymer layer 5 includes a hot-melt polymer (not shown in the attached figures), which is used to heat-seal the carbon polymer layer 5 to the pouch substrate 2. This configuration, using a heat-sealing connection between the carbon polymer layer 5 and the pouch substrate 2 instead of the traditional method of using sealant 10 for sealing, saves on the amount of sealant 10 used, thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the pouch battery structure. Furthermore, during manufacturing, only heating and extrusion of the relevant areas are needed to achieve a sealed connection between the carbon polymer layer 5 and the pouch substrate 2, making the operation simple and efficient. It should be noted that this technical solution can also be applied to the pouch batteries of Embodiments 2 and 3 below, therefore, it will not be described in detail hereafter and should also fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] As one of the technical solutions in the above embodiments, refer to Figure 4 The inner wall of the pouch substrate 2 is coated with zinc material 7, or the pouch substrate 2 is made of zinc material 7. The first current collector layer 101 is set as a carbon polymer layer 5, and manganese oxide material 8 is coated on both sides of the carbon polymer layer 5. The manganese oxide material 8 serves as the positive electrode layer 3 of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate. With this configuration, in this embodiment, the manganese oxide material 8, which serves as the positive electrode material, is coated on both sides of the carbon polymer layer 5. That is to say, in this embodiment, the polarity of the electrode layers 3 located on both sides of the first current collector layer 101 is positive. At the same time, zinc material 7 can be coated on the inner wall of the pouch substrate 2, or the pouch substrate 2 can be directly made of zinc. By combining zinc material 7, which serves as the negative electrode material, with manganese oxide material 8, which serves as the positive electrode material, a zinc-manganese battery is formed, ensuring that the pouch structure battery can operate normally. It should be noted that when the inner wall of the pouch substrate 2 is coated with zinc material 7, a portion of the zinc material 7 needs to extend to the outside of the sealant 10 to serve as the second current collector layer 102 of the pouch structure battery.

[0031] As another technical solution in the above embodiments, refer to Figure 5The first current collector layer 101 is configured as a carbon polymer layer 5, and zinc metal material 7 is coated on both sides of the carbon polymer layer 5. The zinc metal material 7 serves as the electrode layer 3 with negative electrode characteristics for both the first and second battery substrates. In this configuration, the zinc metal material 7, acting as the negative electrode material, is coated on both sides of the carbon polymer layer 5, meaning that the electrode layers 3 on both sides of the first current collector layer 101 are both negative electrodes. Furthermore, since the electrode layers 3 are integrated into the first current collector layer 101, the printing process for these electrode layers 3 can be omitted during the manufacturing of the pouch cell, further improving the production efficiency of the pouch cell. In other embodiments, the composite layer formed by the carbon polymer layer 5 and the zinc metal material 7 can also be used as the pouch base 2, with the carbon polymer layer 5 disposed on the outside of the zinc metal material 7, so that the outer carbon polymer layer 5 directly serves as the tab of the pouch cell.

[0032] Through the above two technical solutions, those skilled in the art can independently select whether the electrode layers 3 located on both sides of the first collector layer 101 are positive or negative electrodes, which is beneficial to improving the flexibility of pouch structure battery design.

[0033] Example 2: refer to Figure 6 The pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate 2, which is filled with electrolyte. Two electrode layers 3 with opposite polarities are disposed inside the pouch substrate 2. A sealant 10 is provided at the opening of the pouch substrate 2 to prevent electrolyte leakage. The current collector layer 1 includes an insulating substrate 11 and carbon polymer layers 5 located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate 11, with the current collector layer 1 positioned between the two electrode layers 3. The carbon polymer layers 5 are connected to the electrode layers 3 located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate 11. In this configuration, in this embodiment, current ions move from one carbon polymer layer 5 into the interior of the pouch substrate 2, sequentially passing through the positive electrode layer 3, the electrolyte, and the negative electrode layer 3, and finally moving from the other carbon polymer layer 5 to the exterior of the pouch substrate 2, forming a complete current loop. Subsequently, the two carbon polymer layers 5 located outside the pouch substrate 2 are connected to the positive and negative terminals of an electrical appliance, thereby enabling the electrical appliance to operate. One carbon polymer layer 5 is isolated from the other carbon polymer layer 5 by an insulating substrate 11 to prevent current ions from flowing directly between the two carbon polymer layers 5 and causing a short circuit. In the above embodiment, the electrolyte is directly filled into the interior of the pouch substrate 2, thereby eliminating the need for the printing process of the electrolyte separator layer 4, which is beneficial to further improve the production efficiency of the pouch structure battery.

[0034] Example 3: refer to Figure 7The pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate 2. The interior of the pouch substrate 2 includes an electrolyte separator layer 4 and two electrode layers 3 with opposite polarities. The electrolyte separator layer 4 is disposed between the two electrode layers 3. A sealant 10 is provided at the opening of the pouch substrate 2 to prevent electrolyte leakage. The current collector layer 1 includes a first current collector layer 101 and a second current collector layer 102. The first current collector layer 101 is disposed on the side of one of its electrode layers 3 away from the electrolyte separator layer 4, and the second current collector layer 102 is disposed on the side of the other electrode layer 3 away from the electrolyte separator layer 4. The first current collector layer 101 and / or the second current collector layer 102 are configured as carbon polymer layers 5. In this configuration, in this embodiment, current ions move from the first current collector layer 101 to the interior of the pouch substrate 2, and sequentially pass through the positive electrode layer 3, the electrolyte membrane layer 4, and the negative electrode layer 3, finally moving from the second current collector layer 102 to the exterior of the pouch substrate 2 to form a complete current loop. Subsequently, the first current collector layer 101 and the second current collector layer 102, located outside the pouch substrate 2, are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the electrical appliance, respectively, thus enabling the electrical appliance to operate. The first current collector layer 101 and the second current collector layer 102 are configured as carbon polymer layers 5, thereby improving the production efficiency and quality of the pouch-type battery.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiments, refer to Figures 8 to 9 The pouch-type battery also includes an electrolyte absorption layer 9, which is disposed inside the pouch substrate 2 or on the side of the current collector layer 1. The electrolyte absorption layer 9 is used to absorb and store the electrolyte. This arrangement allows the electrolyte absorption layer 9 to absorb and store a portion of the electrolyte inside the pouch substrate 2, preventing excessively rapid evaporation and electrolyte loss.

[0036] Regarding the specific arrangement of the electrolyte absorption layer 9: In one embodiment, refer to... Figure 8 Based on the pouch cell structure of Embodiment 2 above, the electrolyte absorption layer 9 can be disposed on the side of the first current collector layer 101, which serves as an intermediate insertion layer; in another embodiment, referring to Figure 9 Based on the pouch-type battery structure described in Example 3 above, the electrolyte absorption layer 9 can be coated on the inner wall of the pouch base.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiments, refer to Figure 10The current collector layer 1 has a through-hole 103 for electrolyte flow. Specifically, the current collector layer 1 refers to the first current collector layer 101, which serves as an intermediate insertion layer. The through-hole 103 in the first current collector layer allows some electrolyte to flow into the through-hole 103, enabling current ions from the electrode layers 3 on opposite sides of the first current collector layer 101 to move directly to the other electrode layer 3 through the electrolyte in the through-hole 103. This improves conductivity and enhances the overall electrical performance of the pouch cell.

[0038] This utility model also discloses an electrical appliance, including a carbon polymer layer pouch-type battery of any of the above embodiments. The specific structure of the carbon polymer layer pouch-type battery can be found in the above embodiments. Since this electrical appliance adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0039] It should be noted that the carbon-polymer layer pouch structure battery and other contents of the electrical appliances disclosed in this utility model are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] The above are merely optional embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any application of this utility model directly or indirectly in other related technical fields is included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A carbon polymer layer pouch cell, characterized in that, The pouch cell includes a current collector layer, wherein the current collector layer is configured as a carbon polymer layer. Specifically, the pouch-type battery includes a pouch-type substrate, inside which a first battery substrate and a second battery substrate are disposed. The first battery substrate and the second battery substrate include an electrolyte separator layer and two electrode layers with opposite polarities. The electrolyte separator layer is disposed between the two electrode layers. The current collector layer includes a first current collector layer and a second current collector layer. The first current collector layer is disposed between the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate, and the electrode layers on opposite sides of the first current collector layer have the same polarity. The second current collector layer connects the sides of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate that are far apart from each other. The first current collector layer and / or the second current collector layer are configured as the carbon polymer layer.

2. The carbon-polymer layer pouch cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the bag-type substrate is coated with the carbon polymer layer to form the second current collector layer; And / or, the first collector layer is configured as an insulating substrate and carbon paste layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate, the carbon paste layers being connected to the electrode layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate; And / or, the carbon polymer layer includes a hot-melt polymer, through which the carbon polymer layer is heat-sealed to the bag substrate.

3. The carbon-polymer layer pouch cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the bag-type substrate is coated with a zinc metal material, or the bag-type substrate is made of the zinc metal material; the first current collector layer is configured as the carbon polymer layer, and manganese oxide material is coated on both sides of the carbon polymer layer, the manganese oxide material serving as the electrode layer with positive electrode characteristics of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate.

4. The carbon-polymer layer pouch cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first current collector layer is configured as a carbon polymer layer, and the opposite sides of the carbon polymer layer are coated with a zinc material; the zinc material serves as the electrode layer for the negative electrode characteristics of the first battery substrate and the second battery substrate.

5. The carbon-polymer layer pouch cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate, the interior of which is filled with an electrolyte, and two electrode layers with opposite polarities are disposed inside the pouch substrate; the current collector layer includes an insulating substrate and carbon polymer layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate, and the current collector layer is disposed between the two electrode layers; the carbon polymer layers are connected to the electrode layers located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate.

6. The carbon-polymer layer pouch cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pouch-type battery includes a pouch substrate, the interior of which includes an electrolyte membrane layer and two electrode layers with opposite polarities, the electrolyte membrane layer being disposed between the two electrode layers; the current collector layer includes a first current collector layer and a second current collector layer, the first current collector layer being disposed on the side of one of the electrode layers away from the electrolyte membrane layer, and the second current collector layer being disposed on the side of the other electrode layer away from the electrolyte membrane layer; the first current collector layer and / or the second current collector layer are configured as the carbon polymer layer.

7. The carbon-containing polymer layer pouch cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pouch-type battery further includes an electrolyte absorption layer, which is disposed inside the pouch substrate or on the side of the current collector layer; the electrolyte absorption layer is used to absorb and store the electrolyte.

8. The carbon-containing polymer layer pouch cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The current collector layer has a through hole for the flow of electrolyte.

9. An electrical appliance, characterized in that: The electrical appliance includes a carbon-containing polymer layer pouch cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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