Antennas and communication modules, IoT devices

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna and communication module, and an IoT device. The antenna includes a feed line laid on the same layer, a first antenna radiator for radiation in a first frequency band, a second antenna radiator for radiation in a second frequency band, and a third antenna radiator for radiation in a third frequency band. The first antenna radiator has a semi-enclosed structure with an opening. The second and third radiators are located in the opening area between the first antenna radiator and the feed line. Each of the first, second, and third radiators is connected to the feed line at one end. Thus, the combined coupling effect of the first, second, and third radiators can be used to optimize and completely cover three different signal frequency bands, such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz. It can also filter out useless frequency bands between useful frequency bands, avoiding interference from existing systems. It has advantages such as widespread availability and high performance, and can meet the needs of more applications such as Wi-Fi 7 technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and communication module, and an Internet of Things (IoT) device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, low-power IoT terminals such as smart homes and wearable devices primarily rely on the 2.4GHz ISM band (e.g., the 2400MHz–2483.5MHz band). However, in recent years, the increasing density of connected devices in this band has led to worsening channel congestion, and excessive competition for spectrum resources has limited its application in critical areas such as industrial control and real-time medical care. In contrast, the 5GHz band (e.g., the 5150MHz–5350MHz and 5725MHz–5850MHz bands) and the 6GHz ISM band (e.g., the 5925MHz–6425MHz band) have become the preferred choice for high-reliability communication due to their larger available bandwidth and fewer interference sources.

[0003] Based on this, Wi-Fi 7 (the seventh generation of WiFi wireless network) came into being. Through innovative technologies such as 4096-QAM modulation and multi-link operation (MLO), it not only supports the traditional 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands, but also adds support for the 6GHz frequency band. Moreover, all three frequency bands can work simultaneously. It can achieve a 20% increase in single-stream rate and a latency of less than 1ms with a bandwidth of 20MHz. It can also dynamically avoid interference through intelligent spectrum sensing algorithms.

[0004] To meet the coverage requirements of multiple frequency bands, most current multi-band wireless communication modules require antenna designs with multiple corresponding frequency bands or the introduction of broadband structure designs. These structure designs require reserving a larger planar space, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of antennas. This also makes it impossible for wireless communication modules and IoT devices using such antennas to achieve the most ideal miniaturization size, and thus cannot meet the needs of Wi-Fi 7 technology application products.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a new multi-band antenna and communication module, and IoT device that can not only achieve complete coverage of three different frequency bands (e.g., 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz), but also has advantages such as small size, low profile, low cost, widespread availability, and high performance, to adapt to Wi-Fi 7 technology application products, is one of the hot technical problems that urgently need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-band antenna and communication module, and an Internet of Things device, which can not only achieve spectrum coverage of three different frequency bands, but also have the advantages of small size, low profile, low cost, widespread availability, and high performance.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a multi-band antenna, comprising, on the same layer: a feed line; a first antenna radiator for radiation in a first frequency band; a second antenna radiator for radiation in a second frequency band; and a third antenna radiator for radiation in a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is greater than the first frequency band and less than the second frequency band; wherein:

[0008] The first antenna radiator has a first radiating part, a second radiating part and a third radiating part connected end to end. The first end of the first radiating part is connected to the feed line. The third radiating part is folded back towards the feed line and there is a first gap between the tail end of the third radiating part and the feed line, so that the first antenna radiator has a semi-enclosed structure with an opening.

[0009] The second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator are arranged side by side in the opening area between the first antenna radiator and the feed line. The head end of the second antenna radiator and the head end of the third antenna radiator are both connected to the feed line. The tail end of the second antenna radiator is a free end and there is a second gap between it and the tail end of the third antenna radiator. The tail end of the third antenna radiator is a free end and there is a third gap between it and the tail end of the third antenna radiator.

[0010] Optionally, both the first radiating part and the third radiating part are straight segments and arranged in parallel; or, the head of the first radiating part is a straight segment, and at least one of the tail of the first radiating part and the third radiating part has at least one bend.

[0011] Optionally, the second radiating part is vertically disposed between the first radiating part and the third radiating part.

[0012] Optionally, the second antenna radiator extends generally along a direction parallel to the first radiating portion, the third antenna radiator extends generally along a direction parallel to the first radiating portion, and the second antenna radiator is located between the third antenna radiator and the first radiating portion, or the third antenna radiator is located between the second antenna radiator and the first radiating portion.

[0013] Optionally, the second antenna radiator is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part; or, the second antenna radiator extends as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part and has multiple bends.

[0014] Optionally, the third antenna radiator is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part; or, the third antenna radiator extends as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part and has multiple bends.

[0015] Optionally, the shape of the multiple bends is selected from at least one of right angles, acute angles, obtuse angles, and circular arcs.

[0016] Optionally, the first end of the multiple bends is a straight line segment connected to the feed line, and the last end of the multiple bends is another straight line segment. The straight line segment and the other straight line segment are on the same straight line and are arranged parallel to the first radiating part.

[0017] Optionally, the length of the straight line segment is shorter than the length of the other straight line segment.

[0018] Optionally, the length of the straight line segment is 0.45 to 1 mm, and / or the length of the other straight line segment is 1.55 to 1.95 mm.

[0019] Optionally, the multi-band antenna further includes a grounding wire laid on the same plane. The grounding wire includes a first grounding part and a second grounding part, with the tail end of the second grounding part connected to the reference ground, the head end of the first grounding part connected to the feed line, the tail end of the first grounding part connected to the head end of the second grounding part, and there is an angle between the second grounding part and the first grounding part.

[0020] Optionally, the first grounding portion is disposed perpendicular to the feed line; and / or, at least one of the first grounding portion and the second grounding portion has a straight segment structure.

[0021] Optionally, the multi-band antenna has at least one of the following dimensional parameters (1) to (8):

[0022] (1) The net height of the first radiating part is 5.9mm to 6.3mm;

[0023] (2) The length of the first radiating part is 12.5mm to 14.5mm;

[0024] (3) The length of the second radiating part is 1.45mm to 2.45mm;

[0025] (4) The length of the third radiating part is 4.75mm to 6.75mm;

[0026] (5) The length of the second antenna radiator is 6.4 mm to 7.3 mm;

[0027] (6) When the second antenna radiator is located between the third antenna radiator and the first radiating part, the net height of the second antenna radiator is 4.8mm to 5.2mm, and / or the net height of the third antenna radiator is 3.1mm to 3.7mm;

[0028] (7) The length of the first grounding part is 12.5mm to 14.5mm, and / or the net height of the first grounding part is 2.0mm to 2.4mm;

[0029] (8) The first frequency band is a 2.4 GHz band, the second frequency band is a 6 GHz band, and the third frequency band is a 5 GHz band.

[0030] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model also provides a communication module, which includes a dielectric substrate and a multi-band antenna as described in this utility model, wherein the multi-band antenna is formed on one end region of the dielectric substrate.

[0031] Optionally, copper is deposited on the surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate to form a reference ground for the multi-band antenna, and the grounding line in the multi-band antenna is connected to the reference ground.

[0032] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model also provides an Internet of Things (IoT) device, which includes the communication module as described in this utility model.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. This multi-band antenna includes a feed line laid on the same layer, a first antenna radiator for radiation in the first frequency band, a second antenna radiator for radiation in the second frequency band, and a third antenna radiator for radiation in the third frequency band. The first antenna radiator has a semi-enclosed structure with an opening. The second and third radiators are located in the opening area between the first antenna radiator and the feed line. Each of the first, second, and third radiators is connected to the feed line at one end. By reasonably setting the size parameters of each part of the antenna and utilizing the joint coupling effect of the first, second, and third radiators, the coverage of the spectrum of three signal frequency bands (e.g., 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz) can be optimized and completely covered. It can also filter out useless frequency bands between useful frequency bands, avoid interference from existing systems, and has advantages such as widespread availability and high performance, thus meeting the application needs of Wi-Fi 7 technology and more.

[0035] 2. This multi-band antenna adopts a single-layer antenna design, which has the advantages of simple structure, small size, low profile, small volume and low cost, thereby reducing the overall size and cost of the system using this antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are provided to better understand the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of an example structure of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a top view of the multi-band antenna mounted on a dielectric substrate.

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the dimensional parameters of the multi-band antenna mounted on the dielectric substrate.

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the return loss S11 curve of the multi-band antenna.

[0041] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the radiation efficiency curve of a multi-band antenna.

[0042] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the maximum gain curve of a multi-band antenna.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 2450MHz.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 5250MHz.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 5500MHz.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 5800MHz.

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 6100MHz.

[0048] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the XOZ / XOY / ZOY plane radiation direction of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 6400MHz.

[0049] Figures 13 to 17 This is a top view of another example of a multi-band antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described to avoid confusion with the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout. It should be understood that when an element is referred to as "connected to" or "coupled to" other elements, it may be directly connected to other elements, or there may be intervening elements. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly connected to" other elements, there are no intervening elements. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "comprising" is used to identify the presence of features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, one embodiment of this utility model discloses a multi-band antenna with a single-layer antenna structure design, which includes a feed line 1, a first antenna radiator 3, a second antenna radiator 4, and a third antenna radiator 5 arranged on the same layer. The first antenna radiator 3, the second antenna radiator 4, and the third antenna radiator 5 are arranged side by side and spaced apart, and the feed line 1 is located on the same side of the first antenna radiator 3, the second antenna radiator 4, and the third antenna radiator 5.

[0052] Optionally, the feed line 1, the first antenna radiator 3, the second antenna radiator 4, and the third antenna radiator 5 are formed using the same metal layer.

[0053] Wherein, the first antenna radiator 3 generally has a semi-enclosed structure with an opening, and comprises a first radiating portion 31, a second radiating portion 32 and a third radiating portion 33 connected end to end in sequence, the head end of the first radiating portion 31 is connected to the feed line 1, the third radiating portion 33 is folded back toward the feed line 1, and a first gap d1 is provided between the tail end of the third radiating portion 33 and the feed line 1. The first antenna radiator 3 may be in any suitable shape such as an arc (e.g., a "C" shape or a "U" shape) or an open rectangle.

[0054] In one example, both the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33 are straight segment structures and arranged in parallel, the length of the first radiating portion 31 is LC1, the length of the third radiating portion 33 is LC3, and LC3 < LC1, the spacing between the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33 is LC2.

[0055] Optionally, the second radiating portion 32 is vertically arranged between the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33, the length of the second radiating portion 32 is equal to LC2, so that the first antenna radiator 3 generally presents an open rectangle. And the line width of the first radiating portion 31, the second radiating portion 32 and the third radiating portion 33 is all W2.

[0056] In other examples, the second radiating portion 32 may be arc-shaped, and the length of the second radiating portion 32 is greater than LC2, so that the first antenna radiator 3 generally presents a "U" shape.

[0057] In another example, please refer to Figure 16 , the head portion of the first radiating portion 31 (that is, from the head end thereof to the opening area of the first antenna radiator 3, or even a part spanning the opening area) is a straight segment structure, and arranged perpendicular to the feed line 1, both the tail portion of the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33 have at least one bend, the bending shapes of the two may be the same or different, and the bending positions of the two may be aligned or misaligned, the bending shapes of the tail portion of the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33 may be selected from serpentine bending structures, wavy bending structures, zigzag structures or other shapes that can compress the overall length thereof.

[0058] In other examples, only one of the tail portion of the first radiating portion 31 and the third radiating portion 33 may have at least one bend, for example please refer to Figure 17 , the first radiating portion 31 is a straight segment structure and arranged perpendicular to the feed line 1, the third radiating portion 33 has at least one bend, and may be in a loop-back structure, or may be in a shape such as Figure 16 the serpentine bending structure in .

[0059] The second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 are arranged side-by-side in the opening area between the first antenna radiator 3 and the feed line 1. The leading ends of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 are both connected to the feed line 1. The trailing end of the second antenna radiator 4 is a free end and has a second gap d2 between it and the trailing end of the third radiator 33. The trailing end of the third antenna radiator 5 is a free end and has a third gap d3 between it and the trailing end of the third radiator 33. At least one of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 occupies the internal space of the first antenna radiator 3. This architecture helps to save the planar space occupied by the multi-band antenna. The first antenna radiator 3 mainly contributes the radiation of the first frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz band) and, through coupling with the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 in the second frequency band (e.g., 6 GHz) and the third frequency band (e.g., 5 GHz band), strengthens the excitation of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5, thereby improving the overall communication performance of the antenna.

[0060] The second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 can each adopt any suitable shape design, and this utility model does not make any specific limitation in this regard. The linewidth of the second antenna radiator 4 is W3, and the linewidth of the third antenna radiator 5 is W4. W3 and W4 can both be equal to W2, or at least one of them can be different from W2. The clearance height of the second antenna radiator 4 is HL1, and the clearance height of the third antenna radiator 5 is HS1. In one example, the clearance height of the third radiating part 33 (not marked in...) Figure 3 (in the middle) is between the clearance height HL1 of the second antenna radiator 4 and the clearance height HS1 of the third antenna radiator 5.

[0061] In one example, please refer to Figure 1 The second antenna radiator 4 is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part 31, extending as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part 31. The third antenna radiator 5 extends as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part 31 and has multiple bends. The second antenna radiator 4 is located between the third antenna radiator 5 and the first radiating part 31. At this time, the width of the second gap d2 is smaller than the width of the third gap d3.

[0062] The shape of each bend in the third antenna radiator 5 can be selected from at least one of right angles, acute angles, obtuse angles, and arcs. That is, the overall bending structure of the third antenna radiator 5 can be serpentine, sawtooth, wavy, or any other suitable shape that can compress its overall length. Optionally, the bends in the third antenna radiator 5 are continuously arranged, and the first end of the first bend is a straight line segment 51 connected to the feed line 1, and the last end of the bend is another straight line segment 52. The straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52 are on the same straight line and are arranged parallel to the first radiating part 31. The portion between the straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52 has a periodic structure with a height of S4 and a line width of W4. The bottom of the periodic structure is on the same straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52. The dimensions of the straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52 can be reasonably set as needed. For example, the length S1 of the straight line segment 51 (e.g., 0.45mm to 1mm) is shorter than the length S5 of the other straight line segment 52 (e.g., 1.55mm to 1.95mm).

[0063] In another example, please refer to Figure 13The second antenna radiator 4 extends along a direction parallel to the first radiating part 31 and has multiple bends. The third antenna radiator 5 extends along a direction parallel to the first radiating part 31 and has multiple bends. The second antenna radiator 4 is located between the third antenna radiator 5 and the first radiating part 31. The shapes of the bends in the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 can be selected from at least one of right angles, acute angles, obtuse angles, and arcs. That is, the bending structures of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5 can be serpentine, sawtooth, wavy, or any other suitable shape that can compress their overall length. Optionally, the bends in the second antenna radiator 4 are continuously arranged, and the first bend of the second antenna radiator 4 is a straight line segment 41 connected to the feed line 1. The last bend of the second antenna radiator 4 is another straight line segment 42. The straight line segment 41 and the other straight line segment 42 are on the same straight line and are arranged parallel to the first radiating part 31. The dimensions of the straight line segment 41 and the other straight line segment 42 can be reasonably set as needed. For example, the length of the straight line segment 41 is shorter than the length of the other straight line segment 42. The bends of the third antenna radiator 5 are continuously arranged, and the first bend of the third antenna radiator 5 is a straight line segment 51 connected to the feed line 1. The last bend of the third antenna radiator 5 is another straight line segment 52. The straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52 are on the same straight line and are arranged parallel to the first radiating part 31. The dimensions of the straight line segment 51 and the other straight line segment 52 can be reasonably set as needed. For example, the length of the straight line segment 51 is shorter than the length of the other straight line segment 52, and the third gap d3 between the tail end of the other straight line segment 52 and the third radiating part 33 is greater than the second gap d2 between the tail end of the other straight line segment 42 and the third radiating part 33.

[0064] In yet another example, please refer to Figure 14 The second antenna radiator 4 is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part 31, and its whole extends along the direction parallel to the first radiating part 31. The third antenna radiator 5 is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part 31, and its whole extends along the direction parallel to the first radiating part 31. The second antenna radiator 4 is located between the third antenna radiator 5 and the first radiating part 31, and the head end of the third antenna radiator 5 and the head end of the second antenna radiator 4 are both connected to the feed line 1. Figure 1 In the example shown, the clearance height of the third radiating part 33 is between the clearance height of the second antenna radiator 4 and the clearance height of the third antenna radiator 5, and the third gap d3 between the tail end of the third antenna radiator 5 and the third radiating part 33 is greater than the second gap d2 between the tail end of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third radiating part 33.

[0065] However, the technical solution of this utility model is not limited to this. When the lengths of the radiators of each part of the antenna are adjusted (for example, the length of the second radiator 32 is increased, while the length of the third radiator 33 is shortened to keep the overall electrical length unchanged), the clearance height of the third radiator 33 does not necessarily have to be between the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5. It can also be flush with or slightly lower than the clearance height of the tail end of the third antenna radiator 5, as long as a certain distance is left between it and the first grounding part 21 of the grounding wire. The gaps d2 and d3 between the three antenna radiators can also be adapted and are not limited to the above-mentioned size relationship.

[0066] In addition, please refer to other examples. Figure 15 The positions of the third antenna radiator 5 and the second antenna radiator 4 can also be interchanged, that is, the third antenna radiator 5 is located between the second antenna radiator 4 and the first radiating part 31. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the shape, spacing, length, height, width and spatial environment (space height, clearance size, distance from surrounding metal, etc.) of each part of the antenna.

[0067] Feed line 1 has a feed terminal 10, also known as a feed point, which represents the end of a signal transmission line with a port characteristic impedance of 50Ω (i.e., feed terminal 10 is the connection point between the signal transmission line and the antenna). It can be understood as a coaxial line, with its inner core being the signal transmission line used to connect to the antenna input, and its outer surface ground connected to the reference ground 6 below the antenna, providing a reference return path (grounding) during simulation. In practice, the signal transmission line connected at feed terminal 10 is not directly connected to the reference ground 6 before entering the antenna. Optionally, feed line 1 is straight, with a linewidth of W0 and a length of H2.

[0068] After the signal is fed in from the feed terminal 10, the feed current signal passes through the semi-enclosed structure of the first antenna radiator 3, which amplifies the radiation of the second antenna radiator 4 and the third antenna radiator 5. Furthermore, the first antenna radiator 3, the second antenna radiator 4, and the third antenna radiator 5 are coupled together through the gaps inside and around the semi-enclosed structure. This allows for the excitation of three different frequency band antenna modes, adjustment of the matching and resonant frequencies of the three different frequency bands, and filtering out unwanted frequencies, ultimately achieving complete coverage of these three different frequency bands. The antenna also has a low profile, maintaining high antenna efficiency and increasing the antenna's radiation frequency. Specifically, the first antenna radiator 3 is mainly used for radiation in the first frequency band, the second antenna radiator 4 for radiation in the second frequency band, and the third antenna radiator 5 for radiation in the third frequency band, with the second frequency band falling between the first and third frequency bands.

[0069] In one example, the first frequency band is, for example, the 2.4 GHz band, whose spectrum range can be 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz; the second frequency band is, for example, the 5 GHz band, whose spectrum range can be 5150 MHz to 5350 MHz and / or 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz, etc.; and the third frequency band is, for example, the 6 GHz band, whose spectrum range can be 5925 MHz to 6425 MHz, 6425 MHz to 7125 MHz, or 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz.

[0070] Optionally, the antenna further includes a grounding wire 2, which is arranged on the same plane as the feed line 1, the first antenna radiator 3, the second antenna radiator 4, and the third antenna radiator 5, and includes a first grounding portion 21 and a second grounding portion 22. The tail end of the second grounding portion 22 is connected to a reference ground 6, the head end of the first grounding portion 21 is connected to the feed line 1, and the tail end of the first grounding portion 21 is connected to the head end of the second grounding portion 22, with an angle between the second grounding portion 22 and the first grounding portion 21. The length of the second grounding portion 22 (which is also the clearance height of the first grounding portion 21 when the second grounding portion 22 is perpendicular to the first grounding portion 21) is HG1, and the length of the first grounding portion 21 is LG1. The linewidth of both the first grounding portion 21 and the second grounding portion 22 is W1.

[0071] In one example, please refer to Figure 1 The grounding wire 2 is in the shape of an inverted "L". The first grounding part 21 is set parallel to the first radiating part 31 (that is, the first grounding part 21 is set perpendicular to the feed line 1). The second grounding part 22 is set parallel to the feed line 1 and perpendicular to the first grounding part 21. That is, the angle between the second grounding part 22 and the first grounding part 21 is a right angle. The apex of the right angle can be a sharp corner or a rounded corner.

[0072] In other examples, the angle between the second grounding portion 22 and the first grounding portion 21 can also be an acute or obtuse angle, and the apex of the angle can be a sharp corner or a rounded corner. In this case, the feeder 1, the grounding wire, and the reference ground 6 can form a trapezoidal structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, or an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, or any other suitable shape that allows the grounding wire to be connected to the reference ground 6.

[0073] The multi-band antenna can be formed on one end region of the corresponding dielectric substrate 7. Copper is deposited on the surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate 7 to form a reference ground 6 for the multi-band antenna, and the grounding line 2 in the multi-band antenna is connected to the reference ground 6.

[0074] As an example, the dielectric substrate 7 is an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.1 to 4.6 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The dielectric substrate 7 has a front and a back side disposed opposite each other. The feed line 1, ground line 2, first radiator 3, second radiator 4, and third radiator 6 of the multi-band antenna are all coplanarly mounted on the front side of the dielectric substrate 7. The dielectric substrate 7 is a cuboid with a length (i.e., length in the y-direction) of L, a width (i.e., length in the x-direction) of W, and a thickness (i.e., thickness in the z-direction) of Z0 (not shown). The outer contour of the reference ground 6 is also rectangular, forming a clearance area on the dielectric substrate 7 with a length (or height) of H1 and a width of W. The feed line 1, ground line 2, first radiator 3, second radiator 4, and third radiator 6 of the multi-band antenna are all coplanarly mounted in the clearance area on the front side of the dielectric substrate 7, i.e., the length of the reference ground 6 is L-H1 and the width is W.

[0075] It should be noted that the antenna in this embodiment can adjust its port impedance, useful frequency band range, and filtered useless frequency band range by adjusting the shape, spacing, length, height, width, and spatial environment (space height, clearance, distance from surrounding metal, etc.) of its various parts. This allows the antenna to match the requirements of the three different operating frequency bands, making it suitable for different application scenarios and meeting practical needs. Therefore, the values ​​of the dimensional parameters of each part in this embodiment can be reasonably set according to the antenna's performance parameter requirements and application needs, and are not specifically limited. For example, in some application examples, W2 = W3 = W4, LC1 = LG1 can be set, while in other application examples, LC1 ≠ LG1 can be set, etc.

[0076] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 3 The multi-band antenna has at least one of the following parameters (1) to (8):

[0077] (1) The clearance height H2 of the first radiating part 31 is 5.9mm to 6.3mm;

[0078] (2) The length LC1 of the first radiating part 31 is 12.5mm to 14.5mm;

[0079] (3) The distance between the first radiating part 31 and the third radiating part 33 (when the second radiating part 32 is perpendicular to the first radiating part 31 and the third radiating part 33, this distance is also the length of the second radiating part 32) LC2 is 1.45mm to 2.45mm;

[0080] (4) The length LC3 of the third radiating part 33 is 4.75mm to 6.75mm;

[0081] (5) The length L1 of the second antenna radiator 4 is 6.4 mm to 7.3 mm;

[0082] (6) The second antenna radiator 4 is located between the third antenna radiator 5 and the first radiating part 31, and the clearance height HL1 of the second antenna radiator 4 is 4.8mm to 5.2mm, and / or the clearance height HS1 of the third antenna radiator 5 is 3.1mm to 3.7mm.

[0083] (7) The length LG1 of the first grounding part 21 is 12.5mm to 14.5mm, and / or the net height HG1 of the first grounding part 21 (which is also the length of the second grounding part 22 when the second grounding part 22 is perpendicular to the first grounding part 21) is 2.0mm to 2.4mm;

[0084] (8) The first frequency band is the 2.4 GHz band, the second frequency band is the 6 GHz band, and the third frequency band is the 5 GHz band.

[0085] To illustrate the performance of the antenna in this embodiment, a performance simulation test was conducted using the following dimensions of the multi-band antenna: W = 15mm~18mm, L = 20mm~26mm, Z0 = 0.8mm~1.2mm, H1 = 6.3mm~6.7mm, H2 = 5.9mm~6.3mm, W0 = 0.4mm~0.6mm, G = 0.5mm~3.0mm, LG1 = 12.5mm~14.5mm, HG = 2.0mm~2.4mm, W1 = 0.35mm~0.6mm, LC1 = 13.15mm~1 5.15mm, LC2=1.45mm~2.45mm, LC3=4.75mm~6.75mm, W2=0.35mm~0.6mm, L1=6.4mm~7.3mm, W3=0.35mm~0.5mm, HL1=4.8mm~5.2mm, S1= 0.45mm~1mm, S2=0.85mm~1.15mm, S3=0.85mm~1.15mm, S4=1.2mm~1.4mm, S5=1.55mm~1.95mm, W4=0.35mm~0.5mm, HS1=3.1mm~3.7mm.

[0086] Test results are as follows Figures 4 to 12 As shown. Among them, Figure 4 The return loss S11 curve of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment is shown. Generally, when the return loss S11 of an antenna in a certain frequency band is less than -10dB, the antenna can be considered to be operational in that frequency band, which is the passband; if S11 is greater than -10dB, the antenna can be approximately considered not to be operational in that frequency band, which is the stopband, and the antenna exhibits notch characteristics in that frequency band. Figure 4As can be seen, the bandwidth of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment with S11 less than -10dB completely covers the current 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz upper half Wi-Fi bands, including 2400MHz~2483.5MHz (i.e., the 2.4GHz band) and 5150MHz~6425MHz (i.e., the 5GHz band and the upper half of the 6GHz band). Moreover, the antenna's S11 is greater than -10dB in non-operating frequency bands, thereby avoiding interference from existing systems in this frequency band and greatly reducing the possibility of interfering with existing systems in this frequency band.

[0087] Figure 5 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency curves of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment in the 2.4GHz / 5GHz / 6GHz frequency bands. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the maximum gain curves of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment within the 2.4GHz / 5GHz / 6GHz frequency bands. Figure 5 As shown, the multi-band antenna of this embodiment exhibits a radiation efficiency greater than 50% within the aforementioned frequency bands, particularly exceeding 60% in the 5000MHz–5250MHz and 5350MHz–5900MHz frequency ranges, and exceeding 70% in the 2.4GHz and 6GHz bands. Furthermore, as... Figure 6 As shown, the maximum gain within the frequency band is greater than 2.0 dBi.

[0088] Figure 7 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 2450MHz. Figure 8 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 5250MHz. Figure 9 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 5500MHz. Figure 10 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 5800MHz. Figure 11 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 6100MHz. Figure 12 The image shows the XOZ, XOY, and ZOY plane radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment operating at 6400MHz. From... Figures 7 to 12 As can be seen, the radiation patterns of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment have strong consistency when operating at these frequencies, and the multi-band antenna has good gain in the XOZ, XOY and ZOY planes when operating at these frequencies.

[0089] The simulation test results above show that the performance of the multi-band antenna in this embodiment meets the communication requirements in the 2.4GHz (2400MHz~2483.5MHz), 5GHz (5150MHz~5350MHz and 5725MHz~5850MHz) and 6GHz (5925MHz~6425MHz) frequency bands.

[0090] As described above, the multi-band antenna of this embodiment adopts a single-layer structure design. By reasonably setting the size parameters of each part of the multi-band antenna, it can completely cover the three frequency bands of 2.4GHz (2400MHz~2483.5MHz), 5GHz (5150MHz~5350MHz and 5725MHz~5850MHz), and 6GHz (5925MHz~6425MHz). It can also filter out useless frequency bands between useful frequency bands, avoiding interference from existing systems. Furthermore, it reduces the possibility of interference to the transceiver system using this antenna in the future if spectrum reallocation or new spectrum resources are activated in the 2.4GHz~6GHz frequency band. Moreover, the multi-layer structure of this antenna, stacked vertically, achieves miniaturization and low profile requirements, thereby reducing the overall size of the system using this antenna. This antenna is simple to implement, easy to manufacture, and has low material costs, allowing for mass production. In addition, the multi-band antenna of this embodiment can operate in the 2.4GHz / 5GHz / 6GHz frequency bands, which also has the following advantages:

[0091] 1) Greater bandwidth: Using the 2.4GHz band in conjunction with the 5GHz and 6GHz bands provides greater bandwidth, meaning devices can transmit more data, thus supporting more complex applications. This is extremely useful for IoT devices that require high-speed data transmission.

[0092] 2) Reduce congestion: More devices may compete for the same spectrum in the 2.4GHz band, leading to congestion and interference. By using the 5GHz and 6GHz bands, devices can avoid congestion in the 2.4GHz band, thereby improving performance and stability.

[0093] 3) Simultaneous support for legacy devices: Devices using 2.4GHz and 5GHz / 6GHz tri-band antennas can support both legacy and new devices. This means that IoT devices can be compatible with a wider range of hardware while providing higher performance for the future.

[0094] 4) Flexibility and Load Balancing: Dual-band devices can automatically switch bands according to the needs of the devices. For example, when an IoT device needs a faster speed, it can switch to the 5GHz or 6GHz band, while when connecting to a more distant device, it can switch to the 2.4GHz band. This automatic switching provides better performance and load balancing.

[0095] 5) Extended coverage: For large residences or buildings, dual-band equipment can provide a wider coverage range because 2.4GHz signals are more capable of penetrating walls and obstacles, while 5GHz and 6GHz signals are generally more suitable for short-range connections.

[0096] Based on the same inventive concept, one embodiment of this utility model also provides a communication module, which includes a dielectric substrate 7 and a multi-band antenna as described in any embodiment of this utility model. The multi-band antenna is formed on one end region of the dielectric substrate 7. Copper is deposited on the surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate 7 to form a reference ground 6 for the multi-band antenna, and the grounding line 2 in the multi-band antenna is connected to the reference ground 6.

[0097] As an example, the dielectric substrate 7 is an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.1 to 4.6 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The dielectric substrate 7 has a front and a back side disposed opposite each other. The feed line 1, ground line 2, first radiator 3, second radiator 4, and third radiator 6 of the multi-band antenna are all coplanarly mounted on the front side of the dielectric substrate 7. The dielectric substrate 7 is a cuboid with a length (i.e., length in the y-direction) of L, a width (i.e., length in the x-direction) of W, and a thickness (i.e., thickness in the z-direction) of Z0 (not shown). The outer contour of the reference ground 6 is also rectangular, forming a clearance area on the dielectric substrate 7 with a length (or height) of H1 and a width of W. The feed line 1, ground line 2, first radiator 3, second radiator 4, and third radiator 6 of the multi-band antenna are all coplanarly mounted in the clearance area on the front side of the dielectric substrate 7, i.e., the length of the reference ground 6 is L-H1 and the width is W.

[0098] Optionally, the communication module also has an application motherboard (not shown), with the dielectric substrate 7 disposed at the center of the upper part of the application motherboard.

[0099] The communication module in this embodiment can be any suitable IoT wireless module such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, or wireless USB. Because it has the antenna of this utility model, it can operate in three different frequency bands: 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz. It can also eliminate almost all useless frequency bands between each passband. At the same time, it has advantages such as small size, low profile, low cost, widespread availability, and high performance.

[0100] This communication module can be applied to various IoT devices (i.e., terminals), such as tablets, personal computers, outdoor displays, smartphones, wearable devices, etc. Based on this, this embodiment also provides an IoT device that includes the communication module described in this invention. Due to the use of the multi-band antenna of this invention, the communication performance of this communication module and IoT device is improved and enhanced, and it can be further miniaturized.

[0101] In one example, the multi-band antenna is fabricated on a dielectric substrate 7 with dimensions of (20mm~26mm)*(15mm~18mm). The actual structural dimensions of the multi-band antenna are only about (5.9mm~6.3mm)*(15mm~18mm), and the height of the multi-band antenna (i.e., the distance from the edge of the motherboard) is as low as about 6.3mm, achieving the requirements of miniaturization and low profile, thereby reducing the overall size of communication modules and IoT devices that use this multi-band antenna.

[0102] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, Includes, on the same level: a feeder, a first antenna radiator for radiation in a first frequency band, a second antenna radiator for radiation in a second frequency band, and a third antenna radiator for radiation in a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is greater than the first frequency band and less than the second frequency band; wherein: The first antenna radiator has a first radiating part, a second radiating part and a third radiating part connected end to end. The first end of the first radiating part is connected to the feed line. The third radiating part is folded back towards the feed line and there is a first gap between the tail end of the third radiating part and the feed line, so that the first antenna radiator has a semi-enclosed structure with an opening. The second antenna radiator and the third antenna radiator are arranged side by side in the opening area between the first antenna radiator and the feed line. The head end of the second antenna radiator and the head end of the third antenna radiator are both connected to the feed line. The tail end of the second antenna radiator is a free end and there is a second gap between it and the tail end of the third antenna radiator. The tail end of the third antenna radiator is a free end and there is a third gap between it and the tail end of the third antenna radiator.

2. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first radiating part and the third radiating part are straight segments and are arranged in parallel; or, the head of the first radiating part is a straight segment, and at least one of the tail of the first radiating part and the third radiating part has at least one bend.

3. The antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second radiating part is vertically disposed between the first radiating part and the third radiating part.

4. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second antenna radiator extends generally in a direction parallel to the first radiating part, and the third antenna radiator extends generally in a direction parallel to the first radiating part. The second antenna radiator is located between the third antenna radiator and the first radiating part, or the third antenna radiator is located between the second antenna radiator and the first radiating part.

5. The antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The second antenna radiator is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part; or, the second antenna radiator extends as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part and has multiple bends.

6. The antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The third antenna radiator is a straight segment structure parallel to the first radiating part; or, the third antenna radiator extends as a whole along a direction parallel to the first radiating part and has multiple bends.

7. The antenna as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The shapes of the multiple bends are selected from at least one of right angles, acute angles, obtuse angles, and circular arcs.

8. The antenna as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The first end of each of the multiple bends is a straight line segment connected to the feed line, and the last end of each of the multiple bends is another straight line segment. The straight line segment and the other straight line segment are on the same straight line and are arranged parallel to the first radiating part.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The length of the straight line segment is shorter than the length of the other straight line segment.

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The length of the straight line segment is 0.45~1mm, and / or the length of the other straight line segment is 1.55~1.95mm.

11. The antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, It also includes a grounding wire laid on the same level, the grounding wire including a first grounding part and a second grounding part, the tail end of the second grounding part being connected to the reference ground, the head end of the first grounding part being connected to the feeder, the tail end of the first grounding part being connected to the head end of the second grounding part, and there is an angle between the second grounding part and the first grounding part.

12. The antenna as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The first grounding portion is disposed perpendicular to the feed line; and / or, at least one of the first grounding portion and the second grounding portion is a straight segment structure.

13. The antenna as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, It has at least one of the following parameters (1) to (8): (1) The net height of the first radiating part is 5.9mm~6.3mm; (2) The length of the first radiating part is 12.5mm~14.5mm; (3) The length of the second radiating part is 1.45mm~2.45mm; (4) The length of the third radiating part is 4.75mm~6.75mm; (5) The length of the second antenna radiator is 6.4mm~7.3mm; (6) When the second antenna radiator is located between the third antenna radiator and the first radiating part, the net height of the second antenna radiator is 4.8mm~5.2mm, and / or the net height of the third antenna radiator is 3.1mm~3.7mm; (7) The length of the first grounding part is 12.5mm to 14.5mm, and / or the net height of the first grounding part is 2.0mm to 2.4mm; (8) The first frequency band is a 2.4 GHz band, the second frequency band is a 6 GHz band, and the third frequency band is a 5 GHz band.

14. A communication module, characterized in that, It includes a dielectric substrate and an antenna as described in any one of claims 1-13, wherein the antenna is formed on one end region of the dielectric substrate.

15. The communication module as described in claim 14, characterized in that, Copper is deposited on the surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate to form a reference ground for the antenna, and the grounding line in the antenna is connected to the reference ground.

16. An Internet of Things (IoT) device, characterized in that, Includes the communication module as described in claim 14 or 15.

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