A wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit for high-capacity lithium batteries

Abstract

This application provides a wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit for a large-capacity lithium battery, relating to the field of protection circuits. The circuit includes a Type-C terminal, a negative voltage regulator module, a protection module, a smart charging chip, an output circuit, and a lithium battery. Through the coordinated connection of the Type-C terminal, the negative voltage regulator module, and the smart charging chip, combined with the dynamic control of the charging and discharging process by the protection module, it solves the problems of traditional circuits' inability to adaptively adjust voltage and low integration. It has the advantages of improving charging efficiency and safety, and enhancing system integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of protection circuits, and more specifically, to a wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit for high-capacity lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries face challenges in adaptive voltage regulation during charging. Traditional charging circuits often employ a fixed voltage mode, failing to dynamically adjust charging parameters based on the battery's actual state. This method easily leads to overcharging or undercharging, impacting battery lifespan and safety. This is particularly critical in high-capacity lithium-ion battery applications, where the demand for rapid charging and discharging across a wide voltage range is even more pronounced, making it difficult for existing protection circuits to balance charging efficiency and safety. Furthermore, traditional circuits suffer from insufficient integration in areas such as negative voltage regulation, intelligent control, and overload protection, resulting in slow system response and incomplete protection functions. These issues severely restrict the performance of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries in high-power applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit, which can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] This application provides a high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit, including a Type-C terminal, a negative voltage regulator module, a protection module, a smart charging chip, an output circuit, and a lithium battery. The Type-C terminal is connected to the smart charging chip through the negative voltage regulator module, the lithium battery is connected to the negative voltage regulator module through the protection circuit, and the smart charging chip is electrically connected to the lithium battery through the output circuit.

[0005] Preferably, the negative voltage regulator module includes a negative voltage regulator, the model of which is ZC013NG-S.

[0006] Preferably, the smart charging chip is model IP2363.

[0007] Preferably, the protection module includes a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (SOT-23), a fuse F1, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C21, and an inductor L2. The SOT-23 is connected to the lithium battery, the inductor L2 is the output terminal, and the fuse is disposed on the line between the SOT-23 and the inductor L2.

[0008] Preferably, the output circuit includes resistor R5, resistor R1, capacitor C6, capacitor C2, and capacitor C1.

[0009] Preferably, the smart charging chip is equipped with an external indicator light.

[0010] Preferably, the fuse F1 is model SMD1206-200-16V.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0012] This application provides a high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit, including a Type-C terminal, a negative voltage regulator module, a protection module, a smart charging chip, an output circuit, and a lithium battery. Through the coordinated connection of the Type-C terminal, the negative voltage regulator module, and the smart charging chip, combined with the dynamic control of the charging and discharging process by the protection module, the problem of traditional circuits being unable to adaptively adjust the voltage and having low integration is solved. It has the advantages of improving charging efficiency and safety, and enhancing system integration. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is the circuit schematic diagram of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0016] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit includes a Type-C terminal, a negative voltage regulator module, a protection module, a smart charging chip, an output circuit, and a lithium battery. The Type-C terminal is connected to the smart charging chip through the negative voltage regulator module, the lithium battery is connected to the negative voltage regulator module through the protection circuit, and the smart charging chip is electrically connected to the lithium battery through the output circuit. Through the coordinated connection of the Type-C terminal, the negative voltage regulator module, and the smart charging chip, combined with the dynamic control of the charging and discharging process by the protection module, the circuit solves the problems of traditional circuits' inability to adaptively adjust voltage and low integration, thus improving charging efficiency and safety, and enhancing system integration.

[0022] This application achieves adaptive adjustment to a wide input voltage range during lithium battery charging, maintaining stable charging efficiency within an input range of 5V to 20V. The charge / discharge protection response time is reduced to milliseconds, effectively preventing battery damage caused by overvoltage and overcurrent. The circuit structure is compatible with various lithium battery types, significantly improving charging safety and device reliability in scenarios such as power banks and power tools.

[0023] In this embodiment, the negative voltage regulator module includes a negative voltage regulator, model ZC013NG-S. A negative voltage regulator is an integrated circuit device that converts a positive voltage into a stable negative voltage. Specifically, it can be implemented using a dedicated chip with a wide input voltage range. This device maintains a constant output voltage through an internal feedback mechanism. The ZC013NG-S model refers to an integrated circuit model with specific electrical parameters. Specifically, it can be implemented using a device that integrates overvoltage protection and temperature compensation functions. This model of device maintains stable conversion efficiency over a wide input voltage range.

[0024] In this embodiment, the intelligent charging chip is model IP2363. An intelligent charging chip refers to an integrated circuit with charging management functions, which dynamically adjusts charging and discharging parameters through a built-in algorithm. Specifically, the IP2363 chip can be used. This chip integrates a voltage detection module and a PID control algorithm, enabling it to automatically match the optimal charging curve based on real-time monitored battery status, eliminating the response delay caused by external adjustment circuits.

[0025] Specifically, during charging, the IP2363 chip continuously collects lithium battery voltage data through its voltage detection module and analyzes the current battery state based on a preset algorithm. When a change in the input power supply voltage is detected, the chip's internal PID control algorithm activates a closed-loop regulation mechanism to dynamically adjust the charging voltage output value, ensuring it always matches the battery's optimal charging requirements. Its wide voltage input compatibility allows the chip to adapt to different voltage levels of Type-C power input without requiring an additional voltage conversion module. The integrated design embeds the voltage regulation function within the chip, avoiding the delays caused by signal transmission from external circuits in traditional solutions.

[0026] In this embodiment, the protection module includes a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (SOT-23), a fuse F1, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C21, and an inductor L2. The SOT-23 is connected to the lithium battery, the inductor L2 is the output terminal, and the fuse is disposed on the line between the SOT-23 and the inductor L2.

[0027] The SOT-23 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor refers to a surface-mount field-effect transistor, specifically implemented using devices with low on-resistance and fast switching characteristics. It is used to monitor current changes in the charging and discharging circuit in real time and execute circuit on / off control. F1 is a surface-mount fuse, specifically implemented using an SMD1206 packaged device with a rated current of 2A and a withstand voltage of 16V. It is used to physically melt and disconnect the main circuit when an abnormal current exceeds a threshold. Capacitors C19 and C21 are filter capacitors connected in parallel in the circuit, specifically implemented using a combination of ceramic capacitors of different capacitance values. They are used to absorb high-frequency interference signals and suppress low-frequency voltage fluctuations, respectively. Inductor L2 is a power inductor, specifically implemented using a ferrite core wire-wound inductor, used to suppress spike noise generated during current surges and maintain output current stability.

[0028] Specifically, the SOT-23 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is directly connected to the positive terminal of the lithium battery, and its conduction state in the charging and discharging circuit is controlled in real time by a gate drive signal. When an overvoltage or overcurrent signal is detected, the MOSFET can cut off the circuit within microseconds to prevent battery damage. A fuse F1 is connected in series between the MOSFET output and inductor L2. In the event of MOSFET failure or response delay, abnormal current can cause the fuse to blow, creating physical isolation. Capacitors C19 and C21 are connected in parallel in the protection circuit, using their filtering characteristics at different frequency bands to eliminate voltage ripple interference with the control signal. Inductor L2 is connected to the output of the protection module, using a magnetic energy storage and release mechanism to smooth the current change rate and reduce the impact of high-frequency noise on subsequent circuits.

[0029] In this embodiment, the output circuit includes resistor R5, resistor R1, capacitor C6, capacitor C2, and capacitor C1. This application can effectively suppress voltage fluctuations caused by load changes or current surges during charging and discharging, enabling the output circuit to automatically adapt to the voltage requirements of the lithium battery and avoid charging efficiency reduction or battery damage caused by voltage mismatch.

[0030] In this embodiment, the smart charging chip is externally connected to an indicator light; the indicator light is an electronic component that can transmit status information through light signals, and can be implemented using dual-color LED lights, with different color combinations or flashing frequencies corresponding to different charging stages or abnormal situations.

[0031] In this embodiment, the fuse F1 is model SMD1206-200-16V; SMD1206 refers to the surface mount device package size standard, specifically implemented using a 1206 specification surface mount structure, which is suitable for compact circuit board layout requirements; 2000mA refers to the rated current parameter of the fuse, specifically implemented using a precise fusing threshold, which matches the safe operating current range of the lithium battery charge and discharge protection circuit; 16V refers to the maximum withstand voltage parameter of the fuse, specifically implemented using a polymer composite structure, which covers the voltage fluctuation range of a wide voltage charge and discharge scenario.

[0032] Specifically, when an abnormal current exceeding 2000mA or a voltage exceeding 16V occurs in the circuit, the polymer composite structure physically melts under thermal effects, cutting off the abnormal current path. This melting action achieves a rapid response through the matching relationship between the package size and the circuit board trace impedance. At the same time, the withstand voltage parameter and the wide voltage operating range of the lithium battery form a synergistic protection mechanism to prevent the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor from thermal breakdown due to overload current.

[0033] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit for a high-capacity lithium battery, characterized in that: It includes a Type-C terminal, a negative voltage regulator module, a protection module, a smart charging chip, an output circuit, and a lithium battery. The Type-C terminal is connected to the smart charging chip through the negative voltage regulator module, the lithium battery is connected to the negative voltage regulator module through the protection circuit, and the smart charging chip is electrically connected to the lithium battery through the output circuit.

2. The high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative voltage regulator module includes a negative voltage regulator, the model of which is ZC013NG-S.

3. The high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model number of the smart charging chip is IP2363.

4. The high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection module includes a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (SOT-23), a fuse F1, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C21, and an inductor L2. The SOT-23 is connected to the lithium battery, the inductor L2 is the output terminal, and the fuse is located on the line between the SOT-23 and the inductor L2.

5. The high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output circuit includes resistor R5, resistor R1, capacitor C6, capacitor C2, and capacitor C1.

6. The high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge and discharge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smart charging chip is equipped with an external indicator light.

7. A high-capacity lithium battery wide-voltage fast charge / discharge protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fuse F1 is model SMD1206-200-16V.

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