An intelligent battery pack protection system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an intelligent battery pack protection system, including a cell assembly, an NTC (Network Temperature Controller), a power output terminal, a front-end chip, and a microcontroller. The cell assembly consists of at least one individual cell. One side of the front-end chip is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the cell assembly. The NTC is connected to the cell assembly, and its output terminal is connected to the front-end chip. The power supply terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the VCC pin of the front-end chip, and the microcontroller has a built-in preset protection threshold. The microcontroller also has a communication module for connecting to external devices. This utility model, through the cooperation of the NTC and the front-end chip, simultaneously sends the acquired voltage and temperature data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller analyzes the preset information, and when the data exceeds the preset information, it issues a stop-work command to protect the battery pack's operating environment. This system eliminates the need for active protection components, and the protection values ​​can be freely set for different types of machines, with the program being freely adjustable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery pack technology, and in particular to an intelligent battery pack protection system. Background Technology

[0002] DC power tools are portable power tools that use a DC power source to drive a DC motor, thereby enabling them to perform tasks such as drilling, cutting, grinding, and fastening. Their power sources include: rechargeable lithium batteries (the mainstream type, such as 12V / 18V / 20V lithium batteries, suitable for portable applications); DC power adapters (require AC power but have a built-in rectifier module that outputs DC, such as some small desktop tools); and lead-acid batteries (less common, mostly used in high-power heavy-duty tools, such as industrial cleaning machines).

[0003] However, current battery pack protection solutions are divided into hardware-based full protection solutions and bare-pack solutions. Hardware-based protection solutions have more protection components, higher costs, and fixed protection values, especially fixed current values, which limit the performance of high-power machines. Bare-pack solutions either have complex communication with many pins or no communication at all, only having temperature detection pins and single / dual parallel identification pins for the battery pack, while the status of individual batteries is not detected.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent battery pack protection system. This system collects cell voltage through a front-end chip and cell temperature through an NTC, and transmits the data to a machine or charger via serial communication. The machine or charger then protects the battery pack, while simplifying the circuit design of the battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0005] To meet the above requirements, this utility model provides an intelligent battery pack protection system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an intelligent battery pack protection system, comprising a cell assembly, an NTC, a power output terminal, a front-end chip, and a microcontroller; the cell assembly consists of at least one individual cell, the overall positive terminal of the cell assembly is B+, and the overall negative terminal of the cell assembly is B-; the front-end chip has multiple pins on one side that are respectively connected to the B+, the B-, and the individual cell, and the front-end chip is used to collect the voltage signal of each individual cell; the NTC is connected to at least one individual cell in the cell assembly, and the output terminal of the NTC is connected to the front-end chip for outputting a signal related to the cell temperature. The voltage signal is received by the microcontroller. The power supply terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the VCC pin of the front-end chip to receive the voltage signal and convert it into a digital signal. The microcontroller has a built-in preset protection threshold to determine whether the cell status is abnormal based on the digital signal. The microcontroller also has a communication module for connecting to external devices. The communication module is used to transmit the protection signal generated by the microcontroller to the external devices, and the external devices execute a stop operation based on the protection signal. The power output terminal includes a positive terminal P+ and a negative terminal P-. The positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- are connected to the total positive terminal B+ and the total negative terminal B- of the cell group, respectively, for supplying power to external devices.

[0007] Furthermore, the battery pack has two individual battery cells, namely B1 and B2, and one side of the front-end chip is connected to B+, B1, B2 and B- respectively through pins.

[0008] Furthermore, the current input terminal of the front-end chip is connected to P+ of the power output terminal, and the current output terminal of the front-end chip is connected to P- of the power output terminal.

[0009] Furthermore, the current input terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the front-end chip, and the current output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the P- pin of the power output terminal.

[0010] Furthermore, the preset protection thresholds inside the microcontroller consist of voltage protection values ​​and temperature protection values.

[0011] Furthermore, the voltage protection value consists of an undervoltage value and an overvoltage value. The undervoltage value is 2.7V, and the overvoltage value is 4.2V. During operation, when the voltage of any cell is lower than 2.7V, the microcontroller sends an undervoltage protection signal. Upon receiving the undervoltage signal, the external device will stop working, thus protecting the battery pack from drying out. During charging, when the voltage of any cell is higher than 4.2V, the microcontroller sends an overvoltage protection signal. Upon receiving the overvoltage protection signal, the charger will stop charging to prevent the battery pack from becoming dangerous due to overcharging.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature protection value consists of a machine protection value and a charging protection value. The machine protection value is 70°C, and the charging protection value is 50°C. When the microcontroller reads that the battery pack exceeds 70°C, the microcontroller sends the machine protection value. After receiving the machine protection value signal, the external device stops working. When the microcontroller reads that the battery pack exceeds 50°C, the microcontroller sends the charging protection value. After receiving the charging protection value signal, the charger stops working.

[0013] The beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows: This intelligent battery pack protection system is designed to detect the temperature of a battery cell by tightly connecting an NTC to one of the battery cells. The temperature data is then sent to a front-end chip, allowing the front-end chip to acquire the temperature of the battery cells while simultaneously detecting the voltage of the battery pack. The chip sends both voltage and temperature data to a microcontroller, which analyzes the digital signal based on a built-in preset protection threshold. When the detected data exceeds the preset protection threshold, a stop-work command is issued to protect the working environment of the battery pack. This system eliminates the need for active protection components, allows for flexible setting of protection values ​​for various types of machines, and enables free adjustment of the program. It solves the problems of high hardware protection costs and complex communication and numerous pins in bare-pack solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of this utility model.

[0015] The numbers and letters in the diagram represent the names of the corresponding components: 1. Front-end chip; 2. Microcontroller; 3. Battery cell assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0017] See appendix Figure 1As shown in Embodiment 1, an intelligent battery pack protection system includes a cell assembly 3, an NTC, a power output terminal, a front-end chip 1, and a microcontroller 2. The cell assembly 3 consists of at least one individual cell, preferably two individual cells, namely B1 and B2. B1 and B2 are connected to the front-end chip 1 via pins. The overall positive terminal of the cell assembly 3 is B+, and the overall negative terminal is B-. The front-end chip 1 has multiple pins on one side that are respectively connected to B+, B-, and the individual cell for data acquisition. The voltage signal of each individual cell; the NTC is connected to at least one individual cell in the cell group 3, the output terminal of the NTC is connected to the front-end chip 1, and is used to output a voltage signal related to the cell temperature. The power output terminal includes a positive terminal P+ and a negative terminal P-. The positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- are connected to the total positive terminal B+ and the total negative terminal B- of the cell group 3, respectively, for supplying power to external devices. The current input terminal of the front-end chip 1 is connected to the P+ terminal of the power output terminal, and the current output terminal of the front-end chip 1 is connected to the P- terminal of the power output terminal.

[0018] The power supply terminal of microcontroller 2 is connected to the VCC pin of front-end chip 1 to receive voltage signals and convert them into digital signals. Microcontroller 2 has a built-in preset protection threshold to determine whether the cell status is abnormal based on the digital signal. The preset protection threshold of microcontroller 2 consists of voltage protection value and temperature protection value. The voltage protection value consists of undervoltage value and overvoltage value. The undervoltage value is 2.7V and the overvoltage value is 4.2V. The temperature protection value consists of machine protection value and charging protection value. The machine protection value is 70℃ and the charging protection value is 50℃.

[0019] The microcontroller 2 also has a communication module that connects to external devices. The communication module is connected to the external devices via COM. The communication module is used to transmit the protection signal generated by the microcontroller 2 to the external devices. The external devices execute a stop operation action according to the protection signal. The current input terminal of the microcontroller 2 is connected to the front-end chip 1, and the current output terminal of the microcontroller 2 is connected to the P- terminal of the power output terminal.

[0020] During operation, when the voltage of any cell is below 2.7V, the microcontroller 2 sends an undervoltage protection signal. Upon receiving the undervoltage signal, the external device will stop working, thus protecting the battery pack from drying out. During charging, when the voltage of any cell is above 4.2V, the microcontroller 2 sends an overvoltage protection signal. Upon receiving the overvoltage protection signal, the charger will stop charging to prevent the battery pack from being overcharged and causing danger.

[0021] When the microcontroller 2 reads that the battery pack temperature exceeds 70°C, the microcontroller 2 sends a machine protection value. When the external device receives the machine protection value signal, the external device stops working. When the microcontroller 2 reads that the battery pack temperature exceeds 50°C, the microcontroller 2 sends a charging protection value. When the charger receives the charging protection value signal, the charger stops working.

[0022] As attached Figure 2 As shown, this intelligent battery pack protection system connects an NTC to at least one individual cell in the cell group 3 and works in conjunction with a front-end chip 1. When the cell group 3 is discharging, the cells heat up, causing temperature changes. The NTC senses these temperature changes, and its resistance changes accordingly. The front-end chip 1 detects the real-time resistance of the NTC and determines the temperature value. It then sends the temperature value along with the voltage of the cell group 3 to a microcontroller 2. This allows the microcontroller 2 to obtain the temperature and voltage of the cells in the cell group 3 and convert the data into digital signals. Finally, the microcontroller 2 analyzes the digital signals based on preset information. When the digital signal exceeds the preset information, it issues a stop-work command to protect the battery pack's operating environment. This system eliminates the need for active protection components, allows for flexible setting of protection values ​​for various types of machines, and enables free program adjustment. It solves the problems of high hardware protection costs and complex communication and numerous pins in bare-pack solutions.

[0023] Furthermore, when the battery cell group 3 has two individual battery cells, the two individual battery cells are B1 and B2 respectively. One side of the front-end chip 1 is connected to B+, B1, B2 and B- respectively through pins. The front-end chip 1 collects the voltage signal of each battery cell through the pins and works with the NTC to make the NTC convert the battery cell temperature into an associated voltage signal and transmit it to the front-end chip 1, thereby realizing the synchronous detection of voltage and temperature of battery cell group 3.

[0024] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An intelligent battery pack protection system, characterized in that: It includes a battery pack (3), an NTC, a power output terminal, a front-end chip (1), and a microcontroller (2). The battery cell group (3) is composed of at least one single battery cell. The total positive electrode of the battery cell group (3) is B+, and the total negative electrode of the battery cell group (3) is B-. The front-end chip (1) has multiple pins on one side that are respectively connected to B+, B- and the single battery cell. The front-end chip (1) is used to collect the voltage signal of each single battery cell. The NTC is connected to at least one of the individual cells in the cell group (3), and the output terminal of the NTC is connected to the front-end chip (1) for outputting a voltage signal related to the cell temperature; The power supply terminal of the microcontroller (2) is connected to the VCC pin of the front-end chip (1) to receive the voltage signal and convert it into a digital signal. The microcontroller (2) has a built-in preset protection threshold to determine whether the cell status is abnormal based on the digital signal. The microcontroller (2) is also equipped with a communication module that connects to external devices. The communication module is used to transmit the protection signal generated by the microcontroller (2) to the external devices, and the external devices perform a stop operation action according to the protection signal. The power output terminal includes a positive terminal P+ and a negative terminal P-. The positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- are respectively connected to the total positive terminal B+ and the total negative terminal B- of the battery cell group (3) for supplying power to external devices.

2. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 1, wherein, The battery cell group (3) has two individual battery cells, namely B1 and B2. One side of the front-end chip (1) is connected to B+, B1, B2 and B- respectively through pins.

3. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 1, wherein, The current input terminal of the front-end chip (1) is connected to P+ of the power output terminal, and the current output terminal of the front-end chip (1) is connected to P- of the power output terminal.

4. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 1, wherein, The current input terminal of the microcontroller (2) is connected to the front-end chip (1), and the current output terminal of the microcontroller (2) is connected to the P- of the power output terminal.

5. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 1, wherein, The protection threshold preset inside the microcontroller (2) consists of voltage protection value and temperature protection value.

6. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 5, wherein, The voltage protection value consists of an undervoltage value and an overvoltage value, wherein the undervoltage value is 2.7V and the overvoltage value is 4.2V. When working, if the voltage of any cell is lower than 2.7V, the microcontroller (2) sends an undervoltage protection signal. After receiving the undervoltage signal, the external device will stop working, thus protecting the battery pack from drying out. When charging, if the voltage of any cell exceeds 4.2V, the microcontroller (2) sends an overvoltage protection signal. When the charger receives the overvoltage protection signal, it will stop charging to prevent the battery pack from being dangerous due to overcharging.

7. The intelligent battery pack protection system of claim 5, wherein, The temperature protection value consists of a machine protection value and a charging protection value, wherein the machine protection value is 70°C and the charging protection value is 50°C. When the microcontroller (2) reads that the battery pack exceeds 70°C, the microcontroller (2) sends the machine protection value. When the external device receives the machine protection value signal, the external device stops working. When the single-chip microcomputer (2) takes the battery pack to exceed 50 DEG C, the single-chip microcomputer (2) sends the charge protection value, and after the charger receives the charge protection value signal, the charger stops working.

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