Photovoltaic power generation integrated intelligent glass

Abstract

The application relates to the field of multifunctional intelligent building materials, and discloses a photovoltaic power generation integrated intelligent glass, which comprises, from top to bottom, an outer protective layer, a light adjusting function layer, a power generation function layer and an inner substrate, the outer protective layer is 6mm borosilicate fireproof glass, the light adjusting function layer is a modified thermal and temperature sensitive hydrogel, the power generation function layer is a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, and the inner substrate is a 4mm transparent AlON ceramic plate; the intelligent glass further comprises a self-repairing fireproof isolation layer, a gradient refractive index matching layer and a bionic microstructure heat dissipation channel; the intelligent glass realizes the functional integration of intelligent light adjusting, active fireproofing and photovoltaic power generation, has the advantages of a large light transmittance adjusting range, a high fire resistance limit, stable power generation efficiency and the like, and can be widely applied to various buildings and related fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of multifunctional intelligent building materials, and in particular to photovoltaic-integrated intelligent glass. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the construction industry, the functional requirements for building materials are getting higher and higher. Existing glass products are relatively simple in function and cannot meet multiple needs such as intelligent dimming, fire prevention and photovoltaic power generation at the same time.

[0003] Traditional thermochromic materials have unadjustable phase transition temperatures and poor cycle stability; hydrogel materials, although temperature-sensitive, have low mechanical strength and are flammable; photovoltaic modules experience a significant decrease in efficiency at high temperatures and pose a fire hazard; meanwhile, multifunctional composite glass products often suffer from severe light transmittance loss, poor compatibility of interfaces between functional layers, and short product lifespan. Therefore, integrated photovoltaic smart glass is proposed to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The photovoltaic-integrated smart glass provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass includes an outer protective layer, a dimming functional layer, a power generation functional layer and an inner substrate arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The dimming functional layer is a modified thermo-sensitive hydrogel and the power generation functional layer is a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer protective layer is borosilicate fire-resistant glass, providing a fire barrier for the smart glass.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower critical dissolution temperature of the dimming functional layer can be adjusted to 30-45℃. When the sunlight enhancement temperature is higher than the lower critical dissolution temperature, the modified thermosensitive hydrogel shrinks. The dimming functional layer can be made of modified thermosensitive hydrogel with VO2@ZIF-8 nanoparticles. The uniformly dispersed VO2@ZIF-8 nanoparticles are densely aggregated due to volume shrinkage, reducing the light transmittance.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner substrate is a transparent AlON ceramic substrate, which provides structural support for the glass.

[0010] Furthermore, a self-healing fireproof isolation layer is provided between the outer protective layer and the dimming functional layer. The self-healing fireproof isolation layer expands 20 times at 600°C to form a porous carbon layer, which blocks flames and heat.

[0011] Furthermore, the self-healing fireproof barrier layer uses "epoxy-polyurethane / APP-PER-MEL" as the expansion flame-retardant main body, and achieves in-situ self-healing after being heated or mechanically damaged through self-healing capsules.

[0012] Furthermore, a gradient refractive index matching layer is provided between the outer protective layer, the self-healing fireproof isolation layer, the dimming functional layer, the power generation functional layer and the inner substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, a biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel is formed in the power generation functional layer, through which the heat of the power generation functional layer is quickly dissipated.

[0014] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] 1. It achieves efficient integration of multiple functions. By organically combining intelligent dimming, active fire protection, and photovoltaic power generation, it breaks through the limitations of traditional glass with only one function. In terms of intelligent dimming, with the help of modified thermosensitive hydrogel, the visible light transmittance can be flexibly adjusted with temperature. It can automatically adapt to the ambient temperature, effectively regulate indoor lighting and temperature, and improve the comfort of living and use. The active fire protection performance is outstanding. The outer borosilicate fireproof glass and the self-healing fireproof isolation layer work together to improve the safety of use.

[0016] 2. The synergistic cooperation of each functional layer results in superior performance. The gradient refractive index matching layer effectively reduces light reflection loss at the interfaces of each layer, improving light utilization. This ensures good light transmission performance and provides ample light source for photovoltaic power generation. The biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel has an extremely high thermal conductivity, which can quickly dissipate the heat generated during the operation of the power generation functional layer, avoiding the decrease in power generation efficiency caused by high temperature. This allows the perovskite solar cell to maintain stable performance over a wide temperature range. At the same time, the modified thermosensitive hydrogel has thermosensitive, heat insulation, flame retardant, and fireproof functions. In conjunction with other functional layers, it further enhances the overall heat insulation and fireproof capabilities.

[0017] 3. The outer protective layer is made of 6mm borosilicate fireproof glass, and the inner substrate is made of 4mm transparent AlON ceramic plate, which provides solid support and protection for the overall structure and has good mechanical strength and stability; the low critical melting temperature of the dimming function layer can be adjusted to 30-45℃, which can adapt to the climate characteristics and usage needs of different regions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of an embodiment of the application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the application;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Outer protective layer; 2. Dimming function layer; 3. Power generation function layer; 4. Inner substrate; 5. Self-healing fireproof isolation layer; 6. Gradient refractive index matching layer; 7. Bionic microstructure heat dissipation channel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 This application will be described in further detail.

[0023] This application discloses an embodiment of photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass. (Refer to...) Figure 1-3 The photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass has a structure from top to bottom consisting of an outer protective layer 1, a self-healing fireproof isolation layer 5, a dimming function layer 2, a power generation function layer 3, and an inner substrate 4. A gradient refractive index matching layer 6 is provided between each layer. At the same time, a biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel 7 is provided between the dimming function layer 2 and the power generation function layer 3.

[0024] The outer protective layer 1 is made of 6mm thick borosilicate fireproof glass, which has been tested to have a softening point of 820℃, effectively resisting external impacts and maintaining structural stability at high temperatures.

[0025] The dimming functional layer 2 is a modified thermosensitive hydrogel, such as a modified thermosensitive hydrogel with VO2@ZIF-8 nanoparticles. This hydrogel has a comprehensive function of temperature sensitivity, heat insulation, flame retardancy and fire prevention. Its low critical solution temperature (LCST) can be adjusted to 30-45℃ according to actual needs. It can achieve good dimming effect during temperature changes. The visible light transmittance can reach 78% at 20℃ and decrease to 22% at 50℃.

[0026] The power generation functional layer 3 is a semi-transparent CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell, which achieves high-efficiency power generation while ensuring a certain level of light transmittance.

[0027] The inner substrate 4 is made of 4mm thick transparent AlON ceramic plate, which has high strength and good light transmission performance, providing a stable support for the entire glass structure. From the material's nature, AlON (aluminum oxynitride) ceramic is an advanced structural ceramic that combines high light transmission and ultra-high mechanical strength. Its light transmittance can reach more than 80%, which can meet the basic requirements of smart glass for light transmission, ensuring that natural light and the light required for power generation can effectively penetrate to each functional layer. At the same time, its Vickers hardness is as high as 1800HV and its bending strength exceeds 400MPa, far exceeding ordinary glass and organic substrate materials. The 4mm thickness design can provide sufficient structural rigidity to support the weight of the multi-layer composite structure such as the outer protective layer 1, the dimming functional layer 2, and the power generation functional layer 3, and can also resist external impacts, vibrations and other mechanical actions in daily use, preventing the entire glass system from failing due to substrate deformation or damage.

[0028] The self-healing fireproof isolation layer 5 is set between the outer protective layer 1 and the dimming functional layer 2. After high-temperature testing, its expansion rate reaches 20 times at 600℃, which can form an effective fire barrier. Together with the outer protective layer 1, it can improve the fire resistance limit of the smart glass. The self-healing fireproof isolation layer 5 is an 80-200µm gradient film of "surface expanded carbon layer + elastic polyurethane skeleton + epoxy-curing agent dual microcapsule". When exposed to fire at 600℃, it first expands to insulate the heat, and then the microcapsules heal the cracks in situ, achieving "fireproof-self-healing" simultaneously, without affecting the overall light transmittance and hot-pressing encapsulation process.

[0029] The gradient refractive index matching layer 6 is respectively disposed between the outer protective layer 1 and the self-healing fireproof isolation layer 5, between the self-healing fireproof isolation layer 5 and the dimming functional layer 2, between the dimming functional layer 2 and the power generation functional layer 3, and between the power generation functional layer 3 and the inner substrate 4. The refractive index matching layer 6 is composed of three oxide layers of SiO2 / Al2O3 / TiO2 (or HfO2) with a thickness of about 100nm. Through the gradient refractive index design, the large refractive index difference between the hydrogel (1.35) and the perovskite (2.3) is "smoothly transitioned", reducing the reflection loss at the interface, effectively reducing the light reflection loss at the interface of each layer, and improving the light utilization rate.

[0030] A biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel 7 is formed in the power generation functional layer 3, with a thermal conductivity greater than 1800 W / mK. This channel can quickly dissipate the heat generated when the power generation functional layer 3 is working, avoiding the impact of high temperature on power generation efficiency. This allows the perovskite solar cell to maintain stable power generation performance even in high-temperature environments. The heat dissipation channel is a three-dimensional solid-state thermal network consisting of a copper-graphene composite tapered manifold, airfoil microfins, and vertical chimney-shaped through-holes. It achieves a thermal conductivity of >1800 W / m·K within a thickness of 50–200 µm, reducing the efficiency degradation of the perovskite cell at high temperatures.

[0031] The working principle of this application embodiment is as follows: the outer protective layer 1 is made of 6mm thick borosilicate fireproof glass. With its high softening point of 820℃, it resists external impacts, wind and rain erosion and other mechanical and environmental effects in daily use, providing physical protection for the inner structure. When encountering a fire, its high temperature resistance can slow down the flame penetration speed and form the first fire barrier.

[0032] The self-healing fireproof barrier layer 5 is located between the outer protective layer 1 and the dimming functional layer 2. Under normal conditions, it exists as a gradient film with a thickness of 80–200µm, which does not affect light transmission and overall light transmittance. When the ambient temperature rises to 600℃, its "surface expanded carbon layer" rapidly expands 20 times to form a dense porous heat insulation structure, blocking the transmission of flames and heat inward. At the same time, if the barrier layer cracks due to high temperature or mechanical action, the "epoxy-curing agent dual microcapsules" will rupture and release the repair agent, which will undergo a chemical reaction in the elastic polyurethane skeleton to achieve in-situ self-healing, ensuring the integrity of the fire barrier. Together with the outer protective layer 1, the overall fire resistance limit reaches 126 minutes.

[0033] The dimming functional layer 2 is based on a modified thermosensitive hydrogel of VO2@ZIF-8 nanoparticles to achieve intelligent response. When the ambient temperature is below the lower critical dissolution temperature of 30-45℃, the hydrogel is in a swollen state, and the VO2@ZIF-8 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed, maintaining a high light transmittance of 78%. As sunlight intensifies and the temperature exceeds the critical value, the hydrogel shrinks, and the nanoparticles become densely aggregated due to volume compression. Through light scattering and absorption, the light transmittance is reduced to 22%, automatically adjusting the light and heat entering the room to achieve energy-saving dimming.

[0034] The semi-transparent CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell in the power generation functional layer 3, after receiving visible light transmitted through the dimming functional layer 2, converts light energy into electrical energy through the light absorption and charge separation characteristics of the perovskite material. Under normal conditions, it maintains a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 15.7%. The biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel 7 distributed in the power generation functional layer 3, through a three-dimensional thermal network of "copper-graphene composite tapered manifold + airfoil microfins + vertical chimney through-holes", quickly dissipates the heat generated during battery operation with a high thermal conductivity of over 1800W / m・K. Even if the temperature rises to 400℃, the efficiency decay can still be controlled within 10%, ensuring the stability of power generation.

[0035] The inner substrate 4 is made of 4mm thick transparent AlON ceramic plate. With a Vickers hardness of 1800HV and a bending strength of over 400MPa, it provides rigid support for the multi-layer composite structure, resisting the pressure generated by interlayer stacking and external mechanical impact. At the same time, its light transmittance of over 80% ensures that light can penetrate to each functional layer, and its high temperature stability prevents structural failure in extreme environments.

[0036] The gradient refractive index matching layer 6 between the layers is composed of three oxide layers of SiO2 / Al2O3 / TiO2 (or HfO2). By smoothly transitioning the refractive index difference between the hydrogel (refractive index 1.35) and the perovskite (refractive index 2.3), the loss of light during the transmission between the layers is minimized. This ensures the light transmission adjustment effect of the dimming function layer 2 and provides sufficient light source for the power generation function layer 3, thereby maximizing the light utilization rate.

[0037] Through the aforementioned multi-layered collaborative mechanism, this smart glass can achieve dynamic dimming to adapt to environmental changes, proactive fire prevention to ensure safety, and stable and efficient photovoltaic power generation, thus achieving multi-functional integrated intelligent operation.

[0038] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0039] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this utility model. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0040] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-integrated smart glass, characterized in that: It includes an outer protective layer (1), a dimming functional layer (2), a power generation functional layer (3), and an inner substrate (4) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The dimming functional layer (2) is a modified thermosensitive hydrogel, and the power generation functional layer (3) is a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell.

2. The photovoltaic-integrated smart glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective layer (1) is borosilicate fireproof glass.

3. The photovoltaic-integrated smart glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner substrate (4) is a transparent AlON ceramic substrate.

4. The photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A self-healing fireproof isolation layer (5) is also provided between the outer protective layer (1) and the dimming function layer (2). The self-healing fireproof isolation layer (5) expands 20 times at 600℃ to form a porous carbon layer, which blocks flames and heat.

5. The photovoltaic-integrated smart glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gradient refractive index matching layer (6) is provided between the outer protective layer (1), the self-healing fireproof isolation layer (5), the dimming function layer (2), the power generation function layer (3) and the inner substrate (4).

6. The photovoltaic power generation integrated smart glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation functional layer (3) has a biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel (7) formed in it, and the heat of the power generation functional layer (3) is quickly discharged through the biomimetic microstructure heat dissipation channel (7).

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