A four-terminal laminated photovoltaic module
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522277928.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-28
AI Technical Summary
[0002]四端叠层光伏组件正处于从实验室向产业化过渡的关键阶段，其超高效率潜力已被充分验证，然而由于钙钛矿电池层的电压显著高于晶硅电池层的电压，现有的四端叠层电池组件需要为顶层和底层两个独立的子电池分别设置正负极导线（共四根线），该四线引出方式存在以下不足：1）需用具备双路太阳能控制器的逆变器或微型逆变器，成本显著高于传统单路产品；2）电气设计需考虑双电路匹配、线缆布局优化等问题，增加了工程难度；3）为容纳更多线缆和旁路二极管（通常需两套独立旁路保护），接线盒体积增大；4）每个额外的连接器件都是潜在的失效点（如接触不良、腐蚀），组件可靠性降低
[0010] The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module of this invention has the following advantages: 1) The four-terminal tandem module changes from the traditional four-wire output to two-wire output, eliminating the need to consider issues such as dual-circuit line matching and cable layout during wiring, thus reducing the difficulty of the work; 2) Only two junction boxes are required, and no diodes are needed in the junction boxes, effectively reducing the size of the junction boxes, lowering material costs, and reducing the risk of junction box failure; 3) Only one inverter system is needed when the module is networked, compared to two inverter systems required by traditional four-terminal tandem modules, significantly reducing system costs; 4) The integrated module is used for series connection of crystalline silicon cells, and the multi-diode layout significantly improves the module's tolerance to shading; 5) Optimizing the junction box position to the side of the module can save on cable loss during wiring and improve wiring convenience.
Smart Images
Figure CN224710054U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic modules, and in particular relates to a four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module. Background Technology
[0002] Four-terminal tandem photovoltaic modules are at a critical stage of transitioning from the laboratory to industrialization. Their ultra-high efficiency potential has been fully verified. However, since the voltage of the perovskite cell layer is significantly higher than that of the crystalline silicon cell layer, existing four-terminal tandem cell modules require positive and negative wires (a total of four wires) for the top and bottom two independent sub-cells. This four-wire lead-out method has the following shortcomings: 1) It requires an inverter or micro-inverter with dual-circuit solar controllers, which is significantly more expensive than traditional single-circuit products; 2) The electrical design needs to consider issues such as dual-circuit matching and cable layout optimization, which increases the engineering difficulty; 3) In order to accommodate more cables and bypass diodes (usually two sets of independent bypass protection are required), the size of the junction box increases; 4) Each additional connection device is a potential failure point (such as poor contact, corrosion), which reduces the reliability of the module. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention aims to solve the above problems and provides a four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module that converts four-wire output to two-wire output.
[0004] This embodiment describes a four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, comprising a perovskite cell layer, a crystalline silicon cell layer, a perovskite cell busbar, and an integrated module formed by welding the crystalline silicon cell busbar and a bypass diode chip assembly. The integrated module includes a first module and a second module. The perovskite cell busbar includes a first busbar and a second busbar. Each pair of adjacent crystalline silicon cell strings in the aforementioned crystalline silicon cell layer is connected in series via the first module and the second module. The first module and the second module are located at opposite ends of the crystalline silicon cell strings. Each pair of adjacent perovskite cell strings in the aforementioned perovskite cell layer is connected in parallel via the first busbar and the second busbar. The first busbar and the second busbar are located at opposite ends of the perovskite cell strings. The integrated module or the perovskite cell busbar has a first lead-out terminal and a second lead-out terminal at its end for leading the positive and negative electrodes of the cell strings to the outside of the module. The positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite cell layer and the crystalline silicon cell layer are connected in parallel, sharing a single positive and negative electrode to achieve two-wire output of the module. The positive and negative terminals are connected to the external circuit through the aforementioned first and second leads.
[0005] Furthermore, in the four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module of this utility model, both the first module and the second module include 2-8 diode chip groups; by setting multiple diode chip groups, different module layouts can be adapted, and the diode chip groups provide bypass protection function in the crystalline silicon cell string.
[0006] Furthermore, in the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module of this utility model, the solar cells of the crystalline silicon solar cell layer are multi-cell solar cells with three or four cells.
[0007] Furthermore, in the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module of this utility model, both the first busbar and the second busbar are provided with busbar bending areas at their ends; the first busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the busbar bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and achieves circuit conduction; the second busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the busbar bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the second module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and achieves circuit conduction.
[0008] Furthermore, in the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module of this utility model, a lead bus is provided on the crystalline silicon cell layer; an insulating layer is provided between the lead bus and the crystalline silicon cell layer; both the first bus and the second bus are provided with bus bending areas at their ends; the first bus bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the bus bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell bus at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and achieves circuit conduction; the second bus bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the bus bending area, so that it contacts one end of the lead bus and achieves circuit conduction; the other end of the lead bus contacts the crystalline silicon cell bus at the end of the second module and achieves circuit conduction.
[0009] Furthermore, the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module of this utility model also includes a junction box; the junction box includes two, namely a first junction box and a second junction box; the first junction box and the second junction box are both disposed on one side of the photovoltaic module or respectively disposed on both sides of the photovoltaic module; the first lead-out terminal is connected to the external circuit through the first junction box, and the second lead-out terminal is connected to the external circuit through the second junction box; the junction box is a diode-free junction box.
[0010] The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module of this invention has the following advantages: 1) The four-terminal tandem module changes from the traditional four-wire output to two-wire output, eliminating the need to consider issues such as dual-circuit line matching and cable layout during wiring, thus reducing the difficulty of the work; 2) Only two junction boxes are required, and no diodes are needed in the junction boxes, effectively reducing the size of the junction boxes, lowering material costs, and reducing the risk of junction box failure; 3) Only one inverter system is needed when the module is networked, compared to two inverter systems required by traditional four-terminal tandem modules, significantly reducing system costs; 4) The integrated module is used for series connection of crystalline silicon cells, and the multi-diode layout significantly improves the module's tolerance to shading; 5) Optimizing the junction box position to the side of the module can save on cable loss during wiring and improve wiring convenience. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the crystalline silicon solar cell layer described in Embodiment 1 of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell layer described in Embodiment 1 of this utility model; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle AA section; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle BB section; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle CC section; Figure 7 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle DD; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module according to Embodiment 2 of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a top view schematic diagram of the crystalline silicon solar cell layer described in Embodiment 2 of this utility model; Figure 10 This is a top view schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell layer described in Embodiment 2 of this utility model; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the EE; Among them, 1-perovskite cell layer, 2-crystalline silicon cell layer, 3-first busbar, 31-bending area of the first busbar, 4-second busbar, 41-bending area of the second busbar, 411-first bending area of the second busbar, 412-second bending area of the second busbar, 5-first module, 51-crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the first module, 6-second module, 61-crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the second module, 7-first lead-out terminal, 8-second lead-out terminal, 9-crystalline silicon cell busbar, 10-diode chipset, 11-perovskite cell string, 12-crystalline silicon cell string, 13-first junction box, 14-second junction box, 15-lead busbar, 16-insulating layer. Detailed Implementation
[0012] The four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0013] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, including a top perovskite cell layer 1, a bottom crystalline silicon cell layer 2, perovskite cell busbars disposed on the perovskite cells, and an integrated module disposed on the crystalline silicon cells, which is formed by welding the crystalline silicon cell busbars 9 and bypass diode chipsets 10. The integrated module includes a first module 5 and a second module 6; the perovskite cell busbars include a first busbar 3 and a second busbar 4.
[0014] In this embodiment, the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 uses a four-segment crystalline silicon cell, and the circuit design employs a 12-cell series connection of crystalline silicon cells, which allows the output voltages of the perovskite cell layer 1 and the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 to be matched. Figure 1 As shown, two adjacent crystalline silicon cell strings 12 along the Y-direction of the module are connected in series via a first module 5 and a second module 6. The first module 5 and the second module 6 are located at opposite ends of the module in the X-direction. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the first module 5 includes six diode chip groups 10, and the second module 6 includes five diode chip groups 10. A first lead-out terminal 7 (negative electrode) is provided at one end near the first module 5, and a second lead-out terminal 8 (positive electrode) is provided at the other end near the first module 5. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the perovskite cell layer 1 has two adjacent perovskite cell strings 11 connected in parallel along the Y direction of the module through a first busbar 3 (negative electrode) and a second busbar 4 (positive electrode). The first busbar 3 and the second busbar 4 are located at the two ends of the module in the X direction, respectively.
[0015] In this embodiment, a busbar bending region is provided at the end of both the first busbar 3 and the second busbar 4, namely the first busbar bending region 31 and the second busbar bending region 41. A lead busbar 15 is provided on the crystalline silicon cell layer 2; an insulating layer 16 is provided between the lead busbar 15 and the crystalline silicon cell layer 2.
[0016] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the first busbar 3 is bent toward the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 via the first busbar bending area 31, so that it comes into contact with the crystalline silicon cell busbar 51 at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 and the circuit is turned on.
[0017] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the second busbar 4 bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 via the second busbar bending area 41, so that it contacts the lead busbar 15 of the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 and achieves circuit conduction. The other end of the lead busbar 15 contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar 51 at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 and achieves circuit conduction.
[0018] Through the above circuit connection, the perovskite solar cell layer 1 and the crystalline silicon solar cell layer 2 are connected in parallel, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, they share a first lead 7 and a second lead 8; the first lead 7 and the second lead 8 are respectively connected to the external circuit via the first junction box 13 and the second junction box 14, and there is no need to set up a diode device in the junction box, so as to realize the two-wire output of the four-terminal stacked component, reduce the number of component input and output lines, reduce production costs, and improve component reliability.
[0019] Example 2 In this embodiment of the disclosure, the number of crystalline silicon cell strings 12 in the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 is odd, and a component consisting of 11 sets of crystalline silicon cell strings 12 connected in series is used, such as... Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, two adjacent crystalline silicon cell strings 12 along the Y-axis of the module are connected in series via a first module 5 and a second module 6. The first module 5 and the second module 6 are located at opposite ends of the module in the X-axis direction. The first module 5 contains five diode chip groups 10, and the second module 6 contains five diode chip groups 10. A first lead-out terminal 7 (negative electrode) is provided at one end near the first module 5.
[0020] The perovskite cell layer 1 has two adjacent perovskite cell strings 11 connected in parallel along the Y direction of the module through a first busbar 3 (negative electrode) and a second busbar 4 (positive electrode). The first busbar 3 and the second busbar 4 are located at the two ends of the module in the X direction, and a second lead-out terminal 8 (positive electrode) is provided at the end of the second busbar 4. like Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown, the first busbar 3 of the perovskite solar cell layer 1 is bent towards the crystalline silicon solar cell layer 2 via the first busbar bending region 31, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon solar cell busbar 51 at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon solar cell layer 2 and achieves circuit conduction; in this embodiment of the disclosure, as Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, both ends of the second busbar 4 are provided with bending areas, namely the first bending area 411 and the second bending area 412 of the second busbar. The second bending area 412 of the second busbar 4 bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer 2, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar 61 at the end of the second module of the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 and realizes circuit conduction; the first bending area 411 of the second busbar 4 also bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer 2, and an insulating layer 16 is provided between it and the second module 6 of the crystalline silicon cell layer 2. After bending, the end of the second busbar 4 is the second lead-out terminal 8.
[0021] Through the above circuit connection, the perovskite cell layer 1 and the crystalline silicon cell layer 2 are connected in parallel and share a first lead 7 and a second lead 8. The first lead 7 and the second lead 8 are respectively connected to the external circuit through the first junction box 13 and the second junction box 14, and there is no need to set up a diode device in the junction box, so as to realize the two-wire output of the four-terminal stacked component.
Claims
1. A four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a perovskite cell layer, a crystalline silicon cell layer, a perovskite cell busbar, and an integrated module made by welding the crystalline silicon cell busbar with a bypass diode chipset; The integrated module includes a first module and a second module; The perovskite cell busbar includes a first busbar and a second busbar; In the aforementioned crystalline silicon cell layer, every two adjacent crystalline silicon cell strings are connected in series through a first module and a second module; the first module and the second module are located at the two ends of the crystalline silicon cell string, respectively. In the aforementioned perovskite solar cell layer, every two adjacent perovskite solar cell strings are connected in parallel through a first busbar and a second busbar; the first busbar and the second busbar are located at the two ends of the perovskite solar cell string, respectively. The integrated module or perovskite battery busbar is provided with a first lead-out end and a second lead-out end at its end, for leading the positive and negative terminals of the battery string out to the outside of the component. The positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell layer and the crystalline silicon solar cell layer are connected in parallel.
2. The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first module and the second module include 2-8 diode chip groups.
3. The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crystalline silicon solar cell layer consists of multi-cell solar cells that are divided into three or four sections.
4. The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second busbars have a busbar bending area at their ends; The first busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the busbar bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and realizes circuit conduction. The second busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer via the busbar bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the second module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and achieves circuit conduction.
5. The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lead busbar is provided on the crystalline silicon cell layer; An insulating layer is provided between the lead busbar and the crystalline silicon cell layer; Both the first and second busbars have a busbar bending area at their ends; The first busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the busbar bending area, so that it contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the first module of the crystalline silicon cell layer and realizes circuit conduction. The second busbar bends towards the crystalline silicon cell layer through the busbar bending area, so that it contacts one end of the lead busbar and achieves circuit conduction; the other end of the lead busbar contacts the crystalline silicon cell busbar at the end of the second module and achieves circuit conduction.
6. The four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes junction boxes; there are two junction boxes, namely a first junction box and a second junction box; The first junction box and the second junction box are both located on one side of the photovoltaic module or respectively on both sides of the photovoltaic module; The first lead-out terminal is connected to an external circuit via a first junction box, and the second lead-out terminal is connected to an external circuit via a second junction box; The junction box is a diode-free junction box.