Hydrogenation reaction apparatus

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydrogenation reaction technical field, concretely relates to a hydrogenation reaction device. In the hydrogenation reaction device, the inside of reactor is equipped with chamber, and the feed pipe extends from the outside of reactor to chamber, liquid distribution device is arranged in chamber, and liquid distribution device is communicated with feed pipe and can uniformly distribute liquid phase raw material from feed pipe to first filling layer, first filling layer is arranged in chamber and below liquid distribution device, and a plurality of inert porcelain ball capable of forming buffer is filled in first filling layer, catalyst bed is arranged in chamber and below first filling layer, and supported catalyst particle is filled in catalyst bed, and the bottom of catalyst bed extends from the outside of reactor to discharge mechanism. The hydrogenation reaction device of the utility model can prevent supported catalyst particle from being impacted into small pieces, avoid the activity reduction of supported catalyst particle in catalyst bed, and prevent the overall reaction efficiency from being reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogenation reaction technology, and specifically to a hydrogenation reaction apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is an important high-performance additive and organic synthesis raw material. The industrial production process of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol involves feeding gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol into a disc distributor. This disc distributor includes a distribution disc with multiple distribution holes. Hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are dispersed through the distribution holes into a catalyst bed filled with supported catalyst particles to react, ultimately producing the target product, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

[0003] Hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol enter the hydrogenation reactor under a pressure of 3-7 MPa. Due to the large flow rate and high velocity of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, its initial kinetic energy is relatively high. However, the disc distributor has a relatively simple structure and its effect on consuming the kinetic energy of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is limited, resulting in 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol retaining a high residual kinetic energy when it enters the catalyst bed.

[0004] The high-energy 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can cause severe impact on supported catalyst particles, leading to the fragmentation of some particles into small pieces. Compared to intact catalyst particles, these small fragments exhibit significantly reduced catalytic activity. Therefore, the fragmentation of supported catalyst particles results in a decrease in the overall reaction efficiency of the catalyst bed. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a hydrogenation reaction apparatus.

[0006] This invention provides a hydrogenation reactor, comprising a reactor, a feed pipe, a liquid distribution device, a first packed layer, a catalyst bed, and a discharge mechanism. The reactor has an internal chamber, and the feed pipe extends from the outside of the reactor into the chamber. The liquid distribution device is located within the chamber, communicates with the feed pipe, and is capable of uniformly distributing the liquid feedstock from the feed pipe to the first packed layer. The first packed layer is located within the chamber and below the liquid distribution device, and is filled with multiple inert materials capable of forming a buffer. The catalyst bed is located within the chamber and below the first packed layer, and is filled with supported catalyst particles. The discharge mechanism extends from the outside of the reactor to the bottom of the catalyst bed.

[0007] In some embodiments, the top of the reactor is sealed to the feed pipe via a flange structure; and / or, the hydrogenation reactor also includes a plurality of temperature detectors spaced apart from top to bottom, the temperature detectors being installed in the reactor and used to detect the temperature in the catalyst bed.

[0008] In some embodiments, the liquid distribution device includes a first distribution mechanism and a second distribution mechanism; the first distribution mechanism is disposed in a chamber and is configured to receive liquid raw material from a feed pipe and allow the received liquid raw material to overflow to the second distribution mechanism; the second distribution mechanism is disposed in the chamber and below the first distribution mechanism and is configured to receive liquid raw material from the first distribution mechanism and allow the received liquid raw material to be uniformly applied to the first filling layer in an overflow manner.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first distribution mechanism includes a receiving box and a plurality of first guide pipes; the receiving box is disposed above the second distribution mechanism, the top of the receiving box has a top opening that communicates with a chamber, a feed pipe extends into the top opening, and the interior of the receiving box has a receiving cavity that communicates with the top opening; the first guide pipes are sealed and installed on the bottom plate of the receiving box, the top port of the first guide pipe is located above the bottom plate and forms a first preset height difference, and the bottom port of the first guide pipe is located below the bottom plate.

[0010] In some embodiments, a filter capable of filtering droplets is provided between the edge of the top opening and the feed pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second distribution mechanism includes a support plate and a plurality of second guide tubes; the outer periphery of the support plate is sealed to the outer periphery of the reactor so that a receiving area capable of accommodating liquid raw materials is formed above the support plate; the second guide tubes are sealed and installed on the support plate, with the top port of the second guide tube located above the support plate and the bottom port of the second guide tube located below the support plate, and the top port and bottom port of the second guide tube are respectively open; the tube wall of the second guide tube is provided with an overflow hole, which is located above the support plate and forms a second preset height difference; all the second guide tubes are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydrogenation reactor further includes a second packing layer disposed in the chamber and below the catalyst bed, the second packing layer being filled with a plurality of inert ceramic balls.

[0013] In some embodiments, the reactor is further provided with a head capable of supporting the second packing layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the end cap is recessed in a direction away from the catalyst bed and forms a mounting groove capable of accommodating a second packing layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the discharge mechanism includes a first discharge pipe and a second discharge pipe, the first discharge pipe being connected to the end cap and communicating with the second filling layer; the first discharge pipe is disposed in the chamber and extends vertically, and the second discharge pipe extends horizontally from the outside of the reactor into the chamber.

[0016] The above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model has the following technical effects:

[0017] The feed pipe can be connected to the upstream unit, which delivers gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol into the feed pipe. The hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reach the liquid distribution device through the feed pipe. The liquid distribution device can uniformly disperse 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol into the first packing layer below, and the liquid distribution device can weaken the kinetic energy of the hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. Since the first packing layer is located above the catalyst bed and is filled with multiple inert ceramic balls that can form a buffer, when 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol falls from the liquid distribution device, it can directly impact the first packing layer. The first packing layer can buffer the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, reducing its kinetic energy and decreasing its flow rate and impact force. Then, the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol enters the catalyst bed from the first packing layer in a relatively gentle manner. Finally, the reaction products and the remaining 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the catalyst bed leave the reactor through the discharge mechanism. Because the flow rate and impact force of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are reduced, it will not violently impact the supported catalyst particles packed in the catalyst bed. This prevents the supported catalyst particles from being broken into small fragments, ensuring that all supported catalyst particles remain intact within the catalyst bed. The activity of the supported catalyst particles in the catalyst bed will not decrease due to breakage, thus preventing a reduction in overall reaction efficiency. Therefore, the hydrogenation reactor of this invention can prevent the supported catalyst particles from being broken into small fragments, avoiding a decrease in the activity of the supported catalyst particles in the catalyst bed, and thus preventing a reduction in overall reaction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogenation reaction apparatus in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a liquid distribution device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a liquid distribution device in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of a liquid distribution device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first guide tube and the top cover in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second guide tube in one embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0025] 1. Reactor; 11. Chamber; 12. Flange structure; 13. Temperature detector; 14. End cap;

[0026] 2. Feed pipe;

[0027] 3. Liquid distribution device;

[0028] 31. First distribution mechanism; 311. Receiving box; 3111. Box bottom plate; 312. Receiving cavity; 313. Top cover; 3131. Top plate; 3132. Enclosing cylinder; 314. First guide pipe; 315. Filter; 316. Top opening;

[0029] 32. Second distribution mechanism; 321. Support plate; 322. Receiving area; 323. Second guide pipe; 324. Overflow hole;

[0030] 33. Support rod;

[0031] 4. First packed layer; 5. Catalyst bed;

[0032] 6. Discharge mechanism; 61. First discharge pipe; 62. Second discharge pipe;

[0033] 7. Second fill layer. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this utility model will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, will provide a further detailed description. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to explain this utility model and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this utility model can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this utility model by illustrating examples of it.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a hydrogenation reactor apparatus, which includes a reactor 1, a feed pipe 2, a liquid distribution device 3, a first packed layer 4, a catalyst bed 5, and a discharge mechanism 6. The reactor 1 has an internal chamber 11, and the feed pipe 2 extends from the outside of the reactor 1 into the chamber 11. The liquid distribution device 3 is disposed in the chamber 11, communicates with the feed pipe 2, and is capable of uniformly distributing the liquid feedstock from the feed pipe 2 to the first packed layer 4. The first packed layer 4 is disposed in the chamber 11 and below the liquid distribution device 3, and is filled with multiple inert packing materials that can form a buffer. The catalyst bed 5 is disposed in the chamber 11 and below the first packed layer 4, and is filled with supported catalyst particles. The discharge mechanism 6 extends from the outside of the reactor 1 to the bottom of the catalyst bed 5.

[0036] Specifically, the feed pipe 2 can be connected to the upstream device, which delivers gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the feed pipe 2. The hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reach the liquid distribution device 3 through the feed pipe 2. The liquid distribution device 3 can uniformly disperse 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the first filling layer 4 below, and the liquid distribution device 3 can weaken the kinetic energy of the hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. Since the first packing layer 4 is located above the catalyst bed 5 and is filled with multiple inert ceramic balls that can form a buffer, when 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol falls from the liquid distribution device 3, it can directly impact the first packing layer 4. The first packing layer 4 can buffer the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, reducing its kinetic energy and decreasing its flow rate and impact force. Then, the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol enters the catalyst bed 5 from the first packing layer 4 in a relatively gentle manner. Finally, the reaction products and the remaining 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the catalyst bed 5 leave the reactor 1 through the discharge mechanism 6. Because the flow rate and impact force of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are reduced, it will not violently impact the supported catalyst particles packed in catalyst bed 5. This prevents the supported catalyst particles from being broken into small fragments, ensuring that all supported catalyst particles remain intact in catalyst bed 5. The activity of the supported catalyst particles in catalyst bed 5 will not decrease due to breakage, thus preventing a reduction in overall reaction efficiency. Therefore, the hydrogenation reactor of this invention can prevent the supported catalyst particles from being broken into small fragments, avoiding a decrease in the activity of the supported catalyst particles in catalyst bed 5, and thus preventing a reduction in overall reaction efficiency.

[0037] In some embodiments, the inert filler may be an inert ceramic ball or a glass ball, etc. The inert filler does not participate in the reaction and is hard in texture, and can form a buffer for the liquid phase raw materials.

[0038] It should be noted that hydrogen can also flow to the catalyst bed 5 through the liquid distribution device 3.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the top of the reactor 1 is sealed to the feed pipe 2 via a flange structure 12.

[0040] Specifically, flange structure 12 is a common connection structure in this field, with advantages such as simple structure, convenient assembly and good sealing performance.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the hydrogenation reaction apparatus further includes a plurality of temperature detectors 13 spaced apart from top to bottom. The temperature detectors 13 are installed in the reactor 1 and are used to detect the temperature in the catalyst bed 5.

[0042] Specifically, these temperature detectors 13 can also detect the temperature at different heights of the catalyst bed 5, making it easier for staff to confirm the temperature at different heights of the catalyst bed 5 and to detect abnormal temperatures in a timely manner.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the liquid distribution device 3 includes a first distribution mechanism 31 and a second distribution mechanism 32. The first distribution mechanism 31 is disposed in the chamber 11 and is configured to receive liquid raw material from the feed pipe 2 and allow the received liquid raw material to overflow to the second distribution mechanism 32. The second distribution mechanism 32 is disposed in the chamber 11 and below the first distribution mechanism 31. The second distribution mechanism 32 is configured to receive liquid raw material from the first distribution mechanism 31 and allow the received liquid raw material to be uniformly applied to the first filling layer 4 in an overflow manner.

[0044] Specifically, the upstream unit can transport gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the first distribution unit 31. The first distribution unit 31 can receive hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, and the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol (mixed with a certain amount of hydrogen) can overflow to the second distribution unit 32. Since the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reaches the receiving mechanism of the second distribution unit 32 in an overflow manner, the kinetic energy of the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is reduced. At this time, the impact force and flow rate of the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are reduced, and the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can reach the second distribution unit 32 in a relatively mild state. The 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol at the second distribution unit 32 can be distributed to the first filling layer 4 below in an overflow manner. Since 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is applied to the first packing layer 4 below via an overflow, this connection method further weakens the kinetic energy of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. The impact force and flow rate of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are further reduced, thereby further reducing the impact of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol on the first packing layer 4. This allows 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to enter the catalyst bed 5 in a gentler manner, further preventing the supported catalyst particles from being broken into small fragments. In addition, hydrogen gas can also flow to the catalyst bed 5 through the first distribution mechanism 31 and the second distribution mechanism 32.

[0045] Furthermore, in industrial production, hydrogen and 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol are transported under pressure conditions of 3-7 MPa and temperature conditions of 40℃-90℃, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is 150:1. Therefore, the flow rate of hydrogen is relatively large and the velocity is relatively fast, and hydrogen also has high kinetic energy. In the existing technology, a plate distributor is used to uniformly distribute 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. However, the high kinetic energy of hydrogen will impact and displace 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol at the plate distributor. 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol may only be distributed from the edge of the plate distributor to the catalyst bed 5, while hydrogen may occupy the middle position of the plate distributor, resulting in 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol not being uniformly distributed to the catalyst bed 5. However, in this embodiment, the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol at the first distribution mechanism 31 reaches the second distribution mechanism 32 via an overflow. This connection method can buffer the high-energy hydrogen gas, reducing the impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol by the hydrogen gas, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to reach the receiving mechanism of the second distribution mechanism 32 at a more stable flow rate and a lower flow velocity. Similarly, since the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is applied to the lower first filling layer 4 via an overflow, this connection method can further buffer the hydrogen gas, further reducing the impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol by the hydrogen gas, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to be evenly distributed to the first filling layer 4 at a more stable flow rate and a lower flow velocity, so that the supported catalyst particles in the catalyst bed 5 can be uniformly wetted.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the first distribution mechanism 31 includes a receiving box 311 and a plurality of first guide pipes 314. The receiving box 311 is disposed above the second distribution mechanism 32. The top of the receiving box 311 has a top opening that communicates with the chamber 11. The feed pipe 2 extends into the top opening. The interior of the receiving box 311 has a receiving cavity 312 that communicates with the top opening. The first guide pipes 314 are sealed and installed on the bottom plate 3111 of the receiving box 311. The top port of the first guide pipe 314 is located above the bottom plate 3111 and forms a first preset height difference. The bottom port of the first guide pipe 314 is located below the bottom plate 3111.

[0047] Specifically, the top port of the first guide pipe 314 is higher than the top surface of the bottom plate 3111 of the receiving tank 311, and a first preset height difference is formed between the two, so 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can overflow into the first guide pipe 314. The upstream device can transport gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the receiving cavity 312, which can hold a certain amount of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. When the liquid level of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reaches a certain height, 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can overflow into the second distribution mechanism 32 through the first guide pipe 314. At the same time, hydrogen can flow through the first guide pipe 314 to the second distribution mechanism 32. In addition, the hydrogen gas escaping from the top opening of the container 311 can also flow directly to the second distribution mechanism 32 (e.g., support plate 321).

[0048] Furthermore, the 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol at the first distribution mechanism 31 reaches the receiving mechanism of the second distribution mechanism 32 via the first guide pipe 314 in an overflow manner. This connection method can buffer the high-energy hydrogen gas, reducing the impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol by the hydrogen gas, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to reach the second distribution mechanism 32 at a relatively stable flow rate and a lower flow velocity. In addition, the receiving box 311 can buffer the high-energy hydrogen gas, reducing the impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol by the hydrogen gas, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to overflow to the second distribution mechanism 32 in a relatively stable state.

[0049] In some embodiments, all the first guide tubes 314 are arranged in a rectangular array or a circular array to achieve a uniform distribution of all the first guide tubes 314, which helps to uniformly distribute 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the second distribution mechanism 32.

[0050] It should be noted that the first distribution mechanism 31 can also be any other structural form that can meet the usage requirements of this utility model, and this utility model does not limit it.

[0051] For example, in some embodiments, the first distribution mechanism 31 includes a primary distribution box, the interior of which is divided into multiple first partitions and multiple second partitions by multiple first partitions, with the first and second partitions alternating. The first partitions are connected to an upstream device, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from the upstream device to be delivered into the first partitions. The first partitions are provided with first overflow holes, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the first partitions to overflow into the second partitions. The bottom of the primary distribution box is provided with multiple primary distribution holes, and each second partition communicates with a portion of these holes, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the second partitions to reach the second distribution mechanism 32 through the corresponding primary distribution hole.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, a filter 315 capable of filtering droplets is provided between the edge of the top opening and the feed pipe 2.

[0053] Specifically, after the upstream device delivers gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the containment cavity 312, a portion of the hydrogen can exit the containment cavity 312 through the filter 315 and reach the chamber 11. This portion of hydrogen may carry droplets of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol. If these droplets splash onto the lower second distribution mechanism 32 (e.g., on the liquid surface of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in containment area 322), it is detrimental to the uniform distribution of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol at the second distribution mechanism 32 to the first filling layer 4. However, the filter 315 can filter these droplets, allowing only hydrogen to leave the containment cavity 312 and preventing droplets from splashing onto the second distribution mechanism 32. Of course, the filter 315 can be any structural form in the art that satisfies the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a top cover 313 capable of reducing fluctuations in liquid phase raw materials is installed at the top port of the first guide pipe 314.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the top cover 313 includes a top plate 3131 and a cylindrical surrounding tube 3132. The top plate 3131 is located directly above the top port of the first guide tube 314 and forms a third preset height difference. The surrounding tube 3132 surrounds the top of the first guide tube 314. The inner wall of the surrounding tube 3132 is spaced apart from the outer peripheral wall of the top of the first guide tube 314. The top of the surrounding tube 3132 is sealed to the outer peripheral part of the top plate 3131. The bottom of the surrounding tube 3132 is located below the top port of the first guide tube 314.

[0056] Specifically, the bottom surface of the top plate 3131 is higher than the top port of the first guide pipe 314, and a third preset height difference is formed between them, so a transverse flow channel can be formed between the top plate 3131 and the top port of the first guide pipe 314. The inner wall of the surrounding cylinder 3132 is spaced apart from the outer peripheral wall of the top of the first guide pipe 314, so a vertical flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the surrounding cylinder 3132 and the outer peripheral wall of the top of the first guide pipe 314. Therefore, a bent flow channel is formed between the top cover 313 and the first guide pipe 314. 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the receiving cavity 312 needs to pass through the vertical channel and the transverse channel in sequence to overflow into the first guide pipe 314. The bent flow channel can reduce the fluctuation of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, so that 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can overflow stably and evenly to the second distribution mechanism 32. Of course, a preset gap is maintained between the top cover 313 and the top port of the first guide pipe 314, so that 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol has a sufficient flow rate and hydrogen can flow through the first guide pipe 314 to the second distribution mechanism 32.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the second distribution mechanism 32 includes a support plate 321 and a plurality of second guide pipes 323. The outer periphery of the support plate 321 is sealed to the outer periphery of the reactor 1, so that a receiving area 322 capable of accommodating liquid raw materials is formed above the support plate 321; the second guide pipes 323 are sealed and installed on the support plate 321, with the top port of the second guide pipe 323 located above the support plate 321 and the bottom port of the second guide pipe 323 located below the support plate 321, and the top port and bottom port of the second guide pipe 323 are respectively open; an overflow hole 324 is provided on the pipe wall of the second guide pipe 323, the overflow hole 324 is located above the support plate 321 and forms a second preset height difference. All the second guide pipes 323 are arranged in a rectangular array to achieve uniform distribution of all the second guide pipes 323, which helps to uniformly distribute 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the first packing layer 4.

[0058] Specifically, the overflow hole 324 is located between the top port and the bottom port of the second guide pipe 323, and the top port of the second guide pipe 323 is located above the support plate 321. The center of the overflow hole 324 is higher than the top surface of the support plate 321, forming a second predetermined height difference between them. 2-Nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can overflow into the second guide pipe 323. The support plate 321 and the outer peripheral wall of the reactor 1 form a receiving area 322, which can contain 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from the first distribution mechanism 31. When the liquid level of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the containment zone 322 reaches a certain height, it overflows through the overflow hole 324 into the second guide pipe 323. The 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol then flows through the internal channel of the second guide pipe 323 to its bottom port. Finally, it is applied to the first packing layer 4 through the bottom port of the second guide pipe 323. Furthermore, the top port and bottom port of the second guide pipe 323 are connected, allowing hydrogen reaching the support plate 321 to flow through the second guide pipe 323 to the catalyst bed 5, thus achieving hydrogen recovery.

[0059] In addition, in this embodiment, since 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol is applied to the first filling layer 4 below via the second guide pipe 323 in an overflow manner, this connection method can further buffer the hydrogen gas, further reduce the impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol by the hydrogen gas, so that 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can be evenly distributed to the first filling layer 4 with a more stable flow rate and a lower flow velocity, so that the supported catalyst particles in the catalyst bed 5 can be uniformly wetted.

[0060] Preferably, the distance between the center of the overflow hole 324 and the top surface of the support plate 321 is between 10mm and 100mm. Preferably, the overflow hole 324 is a circular hole with a diameter ranging from 3mm to 15mm. Preferably, the inner diameter of the second guide pipe 323 is between 10mm and 100mm. Preferably, the distance between the top port of the second guide pipe 323 and the bottom surface of the box bottom plate 3111 is between 50mm and 300mm. Preferably, the distance between the top port of the second guide pipe 323 and the top surface of the support plate 321 is between 200mm and 500mm. Preferably, the distance between the outer walls of two adjacent second guide pipes 323 is between 50mm and 200mm, that is, the preset distance between adjacent second guide pipes 323 is 50mm to 200mm.

[0061] In some embodiments, the bottom port of the first guide tube 314 is located below the top port of the second guide tube 323 to prevent 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from directly entering the second guide tube 323 from the first guide tube 314.

[0062] It should be noted that the second distribution mechanism 32 can also be any other structural form that can meet the usage requirements of this utility model, and this utility model does not limit it.

[0063] For example, in some embodiments, the second distribution mechanism 32 includes a secondary distribution box, the interior of which is divided into multiple third and fourth partitions by multiple second partitions, with the third and fourth partitions alternating. The third partitions communicate with the first distribution mechanism 31, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from the first distribution mechanism 31 to overflow into the third partitions. Second overflow orifices are provided on the second partitions, allowing 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from the third partitions to overflow into the fourth partitions. The bottom of the secondary distribution box has multiple secondary distribution holes, with each fourth partition communicating with a portion of these holes, so that 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol from the fourth partition can be applied to the first filling layer 4 through the corresponding secondary distribution hole.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogenation reaction apparatus further includes a second filling layer 7, which is disposed in the chamber 11 and below the catalyst bed 5, and is filled with a plurality of inert ceramic balls.

[0065] Specifically, on the one hand, the second packing layer 7 can support the catalyst bed 5 and prevent it from collapsing. On the other hand, the second packing layer 7 helps the reaction products and the remaining 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol in the catalyst bed 5 to flow out uniformly. Furthermore, the second packing layer 7 can also prevent the loss of supported catalyst particles in the catalyst bed 5.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the reactor 1 is also provided with a head 14 that can support the second filling layer 7.

[0067] Specifically, the end cap 14 provides support for the second filling layer 7, making the first filling layer 4, catalyst bed 5, and second filling layer 7 more stable. Preferably, the end cap 14 is an ellipsoidal shell.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the end cap 14 is recessed in a direction away from the catalyst bed 5 and forms an installation groove capable of accommodating the second filling layer 7.

[0069] Specifically, since the end cap 14 forms an installation groove, the reaction products and unreacted 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can be collected in the installation groove so that the reaction products and unreacted 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol can be discharged to the outside of the reactor 1 through the discharge mechanism 6.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the discharge mechanism 6 includes a first discharge pipe 61 and a second discharge pipe 62. The first discharge pipe 61 is connected to the end cap 14 and communicates with the second filling layer 7. The first discharge pipe 61 is disposed in the chamber 11 and extends vertically, while the second discharge pipe 62 extends horizontally from the outside of the reactor 1 into the chamber 11.

[0071] Specifically, the first discharge pipe 61 is configured to extend vertically, which facilitates the rapid flow of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol out of the second packing layer 7. The second discharge pipe 62 is configured to extend horizontally, which facilitates the connection of the second discharge pipe 62 to downstream devices.

[0072] Of course, the discharge mechanism 6 can also be configured in other structural forms, and this utility model does not limit it. For example, the discharge mechanism 6 can be configured as a discharge pipe that extends downwards at an angle.

[0073] In addition, the hydrogenation reaction apparatus of this invention can also be applied to the reaction of other liquid-phase raw materials and gas-phase raw materials, such as the alcohol oxidation reaction of secondary alcohols and oxygen, and this invention does not impose any limitations.

[0074] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the hydrogenation reaction apparatus of this utility model more clearly, the following is in conjunction with... Figure 1 The hydrogenation reaction apparatus of this utility model will be described in detail.

[0075] The upstream device supplies gaseous hydrogen and liquid 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol to the receiving cavity 312 of the receiving tank 311 via the feed pipe 2. When the liquid level of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reaches a certain height, it overflows through the first guide pipe 314 to the support plate 321. When the liquid level of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol reaches a certain height, it overflows through the second guide pipe 323 to the first filling layer 4.

[0076] Additionally, a gap exists between the top opening 316 and the outlet end of the feed pipe 2, and a filter 315 is installed in this gap; the top and bottom ports of the second guide pipe 323 are open. A portion of the hydrogen can overflow from the filter 315 between the top opening 316 and the outlet end of the feed pipe 2, and this portion of hydrogen can flow through the second guide pipe 323 to below the support plate 321, and further flow to the first packing layer 4 and the catalyst bed 41, thus achieving hydrogen recovery. Of course, after being buffered by the filter 315 and undergoing multiple flow direction changes, the kinetic energy of this hydrogen is greatly reduced, preventing it from causing a severe impact and displacement of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol.

[0077] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. The above are only preferred embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this utility model, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the concept and technical solution of this utility model to other occasions without modification, should all be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation reaction apparatus, characterized in that, It includes a reactor (1), a feed pipe (2), a liquid distribution device (3), a first packing layer (4), a catalyst bed (5), and a discharge mechanism (6); The reactor (1) has a chamber (11) inside, and the feed pipe (2) extends from the outside of the reactor (1) into the chamber (11); The liquid distribution device (3) is disposed in the chamber (11), the liquid distribution device (3) is connected to the feed pipe (2) and can uniformly distribute the liquid raw material from the feed pipe (2) to the first filling layer (4); the first filling layer (4) is disposed in the chamber (11) and below the liquid distribution device (3), and the first filling layer (4) is filled with a plurality of inert fillers that can form a buffer; The catalyst bed (5) is disposed in the chamber (11) and below the first filling layer (4), and the catalyst bed (5) is filled with supported catalyst particles; the discharge mechanism (6) extends from the outside of the reactor (1) to the bottom of the catalyst bed (5).

2. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the reactor (1) is sealed to the feed pipe (2) via a flange structure (12); And / or, the hydrogenation reactor further includes a plurality of temperature detectors (13) spaced apart from top to bottom, the temperature detectors (13) being installed in the reactor (1) and used to detect the temperature in the catalyst bed (5).

3. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid distribution device (3) includes a first distribution mechanism (31) and a second distribution mechanism (32); The first distribution mechanism (31) is disposed in the chamber (11) and is configured to receive liquid raw material from the feed pipe (2) and allow the received liquid raw material to overflow to the second distribution mechanism (32). The second distribution mechanism (32) is disposed in the chamber (11) and below the first distribution mechanism (31). The second distribution mechanism (32) is configured to receive liquid raw material from the first distribution mechanism (31) and allow the received liquid raw material to be uniformly applied to the first filling layer (4) in an overflow manner.

4. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first distribution mechanism (31) includes a receiving box (311) and a plurality of first guide tubes (314). The receiving box (311) is located above the second distribution mechanism (32). The top of the receiving box (311) has a top opening, which communicates with the chamber (11). The feed pipe (2) extends into the top opening. The inside of the receiving box (311) is provided with a receiving cavity (312) that communicates with the top opening. The first guide pipe (314) is sealed and installed on the bottom plate of the container (311). The top port of the first guide pipe (314) is located above the bottom plate and forms a first preset height difference. The bottom port of the first guide pipe (314) is located below the bottom plate.

5. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, A filter (315) capable of filtering droplets is provided between the edge of the top opening and the feed pipe (2).

6. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second distribution mechanism (32) includes a support plate (321) and a plurality of second guide tubes (323); The outer periphery of the support plate (321) is sealed to the outer periphery of the reactor (1) so that a containment area (322) capable of containing liquid raw materials is formed above the support plate (321); the second guide pipe (323) is sealed and installed on the support plate (321), the top port of the second guide pipe (323) is located above the support plate (321), the bottom port of the second guide pipe (323) is located below the support plate (321), and the top port and bottom port of the second guide pipe (323) are open respectively; an overflow hole (324) is provided on the pipe wall of the second guide pipe (323), the overflow hole (324) is located above the support plate (321) and forms a second preset height difference; all the second guide pipes (323) are arranged in a rectangular array.

7. The hydrogenation reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogenation reactor also includes a second packing layer (7), which is disposed in the chamber (11) and below the catalyst bed (5), and is filled with a plurality of inert ceramic balls.

8. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reactor (1) is also provided with a head (14) that can support the second filling layer (7).

9. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The end cap (14) is recessed in a direction away from the catalyst bed (5) and forms an installation groove that can accommodate the second filling layer (7).

10. The hydrogenation reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The discharge mechanism (6) includes a first discharge pipe (61) and a second discharge pipe (62). The first discharge pipe (61) is connected to the end cap (14) and communicates with the second filling layer (7). The first discharge pipe (61) is disposed in the chamber (11) and extends vertically, while the second discharge pipe (62) extends horizontally from the outside of the reactor (1) into the chamber (11).

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