A cyclone sand discharge device for preventing sand from mountain river water

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and disclose a kind of from mountainous river water intake sand prevention's cyclone sand discharging device, including upper overflow section A, middle cyclone cylinder B and lower sand collecting and discharging funnel C.The utility model is set to overflow weir of inverted cone ring, can keep complete spiral flow, both save height space, again guarantee clear water smooth flow, coarse silt is extremely difficult to overturn and pass over the top of overflow weir and enter water intake port.The rectangular culvert design of water inlet port makes water flow be evenly distributed along vertical before entering cyclone cylinder, and tangentially dips smoothly and flows into cyclone cylinder, main water stream naturally rotates and flows along its inner wall surface, and forms downward spiral flow.Coarse silt particles are collected to sand collecting and discharging funnel under the double action of cyclone centrifugal force and gravity, the funnel is arranged with 35 degree slope angle, while effectively reducing height space, and can also ensure that silt will not be deposited on the slope of funnel.Overall, efficient separation of silt and clear water is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically a vortex sand discharge device for drawing water from mountain rivers for sand control. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrocyclones can be used to separate solid particles in liquid-solid mixed fluids and have been widely used in mineral processing operations in mines. Existing hydrocyclone products mainly consist of an inlet, an overflow outlet, a cylindrical body, a conical body, and a bottom sand discharge hole.

[0003] When drawing water from mountain rivers, sediment is present in the water, necessitating sediment removal during the intake process. While hydrocyclones used in industrial mines have a simple structure, they require a high conical funnel section to handle sediment smaller than 0.1mm. Due to the head difference limitations of water diversion projects, their direct application in typical mountain river water diversion projects is difficult. Existing hydrocyclone sedimentation tanks, when used for water intake from mountain rivers, have also seen few successful applications due to structural constraints, failing to achieve efficient separation of sediment and clean water. Therefore, improvements are needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the above problems by providing a vortex-driven sand-discharging device for drawing water from mountain rivers to prevent sand erosion, which has the advantage of achieving efficient separation of silt and water.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a vortex sand discharge device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers, comprising an upper overflow section A, a middle vortex column B, and a lower sand collection and discharge funnel C. The upper overflow section A, the middle vortex column B, and the lower sand collection and discharge funnel C are coaxially assembled in the upper, middle, and lower vertical directions. The upper overflow section A consists of an overflow pool, an overflow weir, a collection trough, and a water inlet.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the height Hu of the overflow pool is 0.35D, and the diameter Du is twice the diameter D of the vortex column plus the width b1 of the collecting trough (Du=D+2b1).

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the overflow weir is an inverted conical ring, with its lower opening diameter being the inner diameter D of the swirling column, its upper opening diameter Do being 0.8D, its height Hy being 0.15D, and its distance from the upper opening of the overflow pool being 0.2D.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the water inlet is connected to the pipe or channel of the water-using facility, and its bottom is flush with the bottom of the overflow weir. The width of the water inlet is b2.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the central vortex column B comprises a vortex column and an inlet culvert. The diameter of the vortex column is D, and its height is Hm. An inlet G is provided at the upper part of the vortex column, with a height h, an installation height Hp from the lower plane, a central angle φ for the opening width, and an inclination angle α for the lower edge. The inlet of the inlet culvert has a height h, a width b (b = h / 2), and an inclination angle α with the horizontal line on the vertical plane. An arc segment with an outer radius R2 and a central angle of 90 degrees is connected after the straight section L. The center O2 is located on the horizontal diameter line of the vortex column. An arc inlet (with the center of the arc segment being the center O1 of the vortex column) is cut on the inner side of the arc segment with a diameter D.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the lower sand-collecting and discharging funnel C mainly comprises a sand-collecting and discharging funnel, a gate valve, and a sand-discharging pipe. The upper diameter of the sand-collecting and discharging funnel is D, the height is Ho, and the slope is β. The diameter Dv of the sand-discharging pipe is 0.1D. 0.5 .

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the flow capacity of the vortex sand discharge device is related to the overflow weir crest head Ht and the weir mouth circumference πD0. (ψ is the velocity coefficient), then the flow capacity Q = U × πD0 × Ht.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] This invention maintains a complete spiral flow by using an inverted conical overflow weir, meeting the basic requirement of uniform free outflow from the weir crest. Coarse silt is extremely difficult to rise over the overflow weir and enter the irrigation canal. The rectangular design of the inlet culvert ensures that the water flow is evenly distributed vertically before entering the vortex column, allowing it to gradually flow downwards into the column. This enables the main stream of water to naturally flow along the inner wall of the column, forming a spiral flow. Coarse silt particles converge towards the conical funnel under the combined effects of centrifugal force and gravity. The conical funnel features a 35-degree slope, effectively reducing vertical space while preventing silt accumulation on its inclined surface. The overall device achieves highly efficient separation of silt and clean water. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper overflow section A structure of this utility model -- top: cross-sectional view, bottom: top view;

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the central swirling column B structure of this utility model—top: elevation view, bottom: top view;

[0017] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the pool wall of the vortex column of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vortex column inlet pipe of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand collection and discharge funnel of this utility model.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Overflow pool, 2-Overflow weir, 3-Collection trough, 4-Inlet, 5-Swirl column, 6-Inlet culvert, 7-Sand collection cone funnel, 8-Gate valve, 9-Drainage pipe, 10-Concrete mounting base;

[0021] D - diameter of the vortex column (radius R), Du - diameter of the overflow pool, Do - diameter of the overflow weir, Dv - diameter of the sand discharge pipe;

[0022] Hu - Overflow section height, Hm - Swirl column height, Hp - Inlet culvert installation height, Ho - Sand collection funnel height, Hy - Overflow weir height, h - Inlet culvert inlet height;

[0023] b - Width of the inlet of the inlet culvert, b1 - Width of the collection channel, b2 - Width of the inlet;

[0024] R1 - Inner arc radius of the horizontal projection of the inlet culvert; R2 - Outer arc radius of the horizontal projection of the inlet culvert; CL - Horizontal diameter line of the vortex column; O1 - Center of the vortex column; O2 - Center of the arc segment of the inlet culvert; LZ - Horizontal distance between the two centers.

[0025] P - The point on the horizontal plane where the two circular arc segments are tangent to the wall of the swirling column;

[0026] a- Inclination angle of the inlet culvert, b- Slope of the sand collection and discharge funnel. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a vortex-driven sand-discharging device for drawing water from mountain rivers for sand control, comprising an upper overflow section A, a middle vortex column B, and a lower sand-collecting funnel C. The three parts A, B, and C are assembled coaxially in the upper, middle, and lower vertical directions.

[0029] The upper overflow section A consists of an overflow pool 1, an overflow weir 2, a collection channel 3, and an inlet 4, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 .

[0030] The height Hu of the overflow pool 1 is generally taken as 0.35D, and the diameter Du is the diameter D of the vortex column 5 plus twice the width b1 of the collecting trough 3 (Du = D + 2b1). When the overall device is small (D < 2m), b1 can be taken as 0, then the diameter of the overflow pool is equal to D. For larger-scale vortex sand discharge devices, on-site concrete construction is generally used, and the width b1 of the collecting trough 3 should meet the condition that the overflow weir 2 is a free outflow.

[0031] Overflow weir 2 is an inverted conical ring. Its lower diameter is the same as the inner diameter D of the vortex column 5, its upper diameter Do is 0.8D, its height Hy is 0.15D, and its distance from the upper opening of the overflow pool 1 is 0.2D. Under free outflow conditions, the rising and rotating fluid in the middle region of the vortex column 5 gradually narrows through the overflow weir 2 section, ensuring the maintenance of a complete spiral flow. The design of overflow weir 2 saves height space, ensures smooth outflow of clear water, and makes it extremely difficult for coarse silt to rise over the overflow weir 2 and enter the inlet 4.

[0032] The inlet 4 is connected to the pipe or channel of the water-using facility, and its bottom is flush with the bottom of the overflow weir 2. The width b2 of the inlet 4 should ensure that it does not affect the free outflow of the overflow weir 2, and is generally taken as D / 2. If it is connected to a channel, it can be the same width as the channel.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the central vortex column B includes a vortex column 5 and an inlet culvert 6.

[0034] The swirling column 5 has a diameter of D and a height of Hm. An inlet G is located at the top of the swirling column 5, with a height of h, an installation height Hp from the lower plane, a central angle φ for the opening width, and an inclination angle α for the lower edge. See [reference needed]. Figure 4 .

[0035] Figure 5 The inlet culvert 6 has an inlet height h and a width b (=h / 2). Inclined at an angle α to the horizontal on a vertical plane, it connects to a circular arc segment with an outer radius R2 and a central angle of 90 degrees after the straight section L. The center O2 of this arc is located on the horizontal diameter line of the vortex column 5. A circular arc inlet (centered at the center O1 of the vortex column 5) is cut along the inner side of this arc segment with a diameter D. The two arcs... Figure 5 The left side of point P is tangent to the center of the circle, and the horizontal distance between them is Lz = R2 - R. The position of the center O2 is determined by this distance.

[0036] The inner opening of the inlet culvert 6 is connected to the inlet G of the vortex column 5, and their lower edges are aligned. Before the incoming water enters the vortex column 5, it has already formed a vertically uniform distribution in the rectangular culvert and flows tangentially into the vortex column 5 within the range of the inlet G at a downward inclination angle α, naturally forming a spiral flow.

[0037] Assuming the inflow stream rotates one revolution along the sidewall of the vortex column 5 (projected length 2D), the main flow stream is roughly below the inflow stream, meaning the rotating main flow streams do not mix (the height decreases by h after one revolution, take h = 0.25D), then tanα = (0.25D) / (2D) = 0.1, α = 7.13°. The height Hm of the vortex column 5 is taken as 4h, approximately D. In practical engineering applications, the control dimensions of the vortex sedimentation tank are the diameter D and the height Hm, designed according to the engineering terrain conditions, the required flow rate, and the sediment particle size, with diameters ranging from approximately 1 to 80m and flow rates from 1 to 500m³. 3 / s.

[0038] In the initial planning stage, we can take h = 0.25D, b = h / 2, Hp = 2h, and φ = 80. 0 α = 7.5 0 .

[0039] The main components of the lower sand collection and discharge funnel C are the sand collection and discharge funnel 7, the gate valve 8, and the sand discharge pipe 9.

[0040] The sand collection and discharge funnel 7 has an upper diameter of D, a height of Ho, and a slope of β. The gate valve 8 allows for more precise adjustment of the sand discharge flow rate and is less prone to clogging compared to butterfly or ball valves. The diameter Dv of the sand discharge pipe 9 can be 0.1D. 0.5 The slope β of the sand collection funnel 7 is an important parameter. If it's too large, it will increase the installation height; if it's too small, sediment will accumulate on the funnel surface. The value of slope β is approximately the dynamic slope of sediment deposition under the action of spiral water flow, and is equivalent to the dynamic angle of repose of sediment underwater, ensuring that sediment does not accumulate on the slope of funnel 7. Generally, β is taken as 35 degrees. ο Based on this, the height of the sand collection funnel 7 can be calculated.

[0041] The flow capacity of the vortex sand discharge device is related to the head Ht at the crest of the overflow weir 4 and the weir circumference πD0. (ψ is the velocity coefficient), then the flow capacity Q = U × πD0 × Ht.

[0042] For small vortex sand flushing tanks (D<2m), prefabrication with steel and on-site installation are generally adopted, requiring the pre-construction of mounting bases. For devices with D>=2m, on-site construction with reinforced concrete is generally adopted.

[0043] Working principle and usage process of this utility model:

[0044] The sand discharge theory of the vortex sand discharge device is based on the spiral flow characteristics of water and the law of sediment movement. It realizes the automatic separation and discharge of coarser sediment particles outside the device. The water flows tangentially into the wall of the vortex column 5 to generate a downward spiral flow. Under the action of centrifugal force, the sediment particles approach the side wall flow area of ​​the vortex column 5 and descend with the spiral flow. Under the action of gravity due to the density difference between sediment and water, they settle into the sand collection cone funnel 7. The sediment deposited on the inclined surface of the cone funnel 7 continues to be subjected to the rotational shear force of the fluid, becoming bedload and accumulating at the bottom. It is then discharged outside the device through the sand discharge pipe 9. Meanwhile, the clear water rises in the central area of ​​the vortex column 5 and flows from the overflow weir 2 to the water inlet 4. In this way, the efficient separation of sediment and clear water can be automatically achieved.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vortex-driven sand-discharging device for drawing water from mountain rivers for sand control, comprising an upper overflow section A, a middle vortex column B, and a lower sand-collecting funnel C, characterized in that: The upper overflow section A, the middle vortex column B and the lower sand collection funnel C are assembled coaxially in the upper, middle and lower vertical directions. The upper overflow section A consists of an overflow pool (1), an overflow weir (2), a collection trough (3) and a water inlet (4).

2. The vortex sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height Hu of the overflow pool (1) is 0.35D, and the diameter Du is twice the diameter D of the vortex column (5) plus the width b1 of the collection trough (3), i.e. Du=D+2b1.

3. The vortex sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow weir (2) is an inverted conical ring with a lower diameter equal to the inner diameter D of the swirling column (5), an upper diameter Do of 0.8D, a height Hy of 0.15D, and a distance of 0.2D from the upper opening of the overflow pool (1).

4. The vortex sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet (4) is connected to the pipe or channel of the water-using facility, and its bottom is flush with the bottom of the overflow weir (2). The width of the water inlet (4) is b2.

5. A vortex-driven sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central vortex column B includes a vortex column (5) and an inlet culvert (6). The diameter of the vortex column (5) is D and the height is Hm. The upper part of the vortex column (5) has an inlet G with a height h, an installation height Hp from the lower plane, a central angle φ of the opening width, and an inclination angle a of the lower edge. The inlet of the inlet culvert (6) has a height h and a width b, b=h / 2, and is inclined at an angle a to the horizontal line on the vertical plane. A circular arc segment with an outer radius R2 and a central angle of 90 degrees is connected after the straight section L. The center (O2) is located on the horizontal diameter line of the vortex column (5). A circular arc inlet is cut on the inner side of the circular arc segment with a diameter D. The center of the circular arc inlet is the center (O1) of the vortex column (5).

6. A vortex-driven sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main components of the lower sand collection and discharge funnel C are a sand collection and discharge funnel (7), a gate valve (8) and a sand discharge pipe (9). The upper diameter of the sand collection and discharge funnel (7) is D, the height is Ho, and the slope is b. The diameter Dv of the sand discharge pipe (9) is 0.1D~0.5D.

7. A vortex-driven sand-discharging device for water intake and sand control from mountain rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow capacity of the vortex sand discharge device is related to the head Ht at the top of the overflow weir (2) and the circumference πD0 at the weir mouth, U=ψ√(2gHt), where ψ is the velocity coefficient, and the flow capacity Q=U×πD0×Ht.

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