A household garbage incineration fly ash resource device

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment and resource utilization technology, specifically to a device for the resource utilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration, comprising a pyrolysis module, a washing module, and an evaporation module connected in series. The pyrolysis module includes a fly ash storage bin and fly ash pyrolysis equipment connected to the discharge port of the fly ash storage bin. The washing module includes a fly ash temporary storage bin, a dissolving tank, a dissolving conveying pump, a reaction tank, a filter press conveying pump, a plate and frame filter press, and a temporary storage bin. The discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment is connected to the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage bin, the discharge port of the fly ash temporary storage bin is connected to the inlet of the dissolving tank, and the discharge port of the dissolving tank is connected to the inlet of the dissolving conveying pump. This utility model, through the series design of the pyrolysis module, the washing module, and the evaporation module, forms a complete treatment process of "dioxin removal, heavy metal and salt separation, and salt recovery," realizing the transformation of fly ash from hazardous waste into usable resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment and resource utilization technology, and in particular to a device for the resource utilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. Background Technology

[0002] As incineration becomes the mainstream method of municipal solid waste disposal in my country, the amount of fly ash generated during the incineration process continues to increase. Fly ash contains heavy metals, soluble chlorides, and persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins, and is classified as hazardous waste requiring strict treatment. Currently, fly ash is mostly treated through stabilization and landfill, which not only occupies a large amount of land resources but also poses environmental risks such as heavy metal migration and dioxin leakage. Furthermore, it fails to achieve the resource utilization of inorganic components in fly ash, which does not meet the needs of circular economy development.

[0003] Existing fly ash treatment devices have significant shortcomings: on the one hand, they lack targeted dioxin removal structures, making it difficult to achieve complete harmlessness of organic pollutants; on the other hand, they do not form a complete process of "removing harmful substances - separating useful components - recovering resources," resulting in the waste of useful components such as salts and solid residues in fly ash. Furthermore, the treatment process consumes a high amount of water and energy, leading to poor economic efficiency. Based on these problems, this utility model provides a fly ash resource recovery device for municipal solid waste incineration, which achieves the synergistic treatment of fly ash harmlessness and resource recovery through modular design. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a device for the resource recovery of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A device for the resource utilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration includes a pyrolysis module, a washing module, and an evaporation module connected in series. The pyrolysis module includes: a fly ash storage bin, and fly ash pyrolysis equipment connected to the discharge port of the fly ash storage bin; The water washing module includes: fly ash temporary storage bin, dissolving tank, dissolving transfer pump, reaction tank, filter press transfer pump, plate and frame filter press, and temporary storage bin; The discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment is connected to the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage silo. The discharge port of the fly ash temporary storage silo is connected to the inlet of the dissolving tank. The discharge port of the dissolving tank is connected to the inlet of the dissolving conveying pump. The discharge port of the dissolving conveying pump is connected to the inlet of the reaction tank. The discharge port of the reaction tank is connected to the inlet of the filter press conveying pump. The discharge port of the filter press conveying pump is connected to the inlet of the plate and frame filter press. The liquid phase outlet of the plate and frame filter press is connected to the inlet of the temporary storage tank and the inlet of the water treatment system, respectively. The discharge port of the temporary storage tank is connected to the return water port of the dissolving tank. The outlet of the water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the evaporation module.

[0005] Furthermore, the evaporation module includes: a multi-stage preheater, an evaporation crystallization device, a mother liquor pump, a cooling crystallization device, a second centrifuge, a second baler, a first centrifuge, and a first baler; The outlet of the water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage preheater, the outlet of the multi-stage preheater is connected to the inlet of the evaporation crystallization equipment, the crystallization outlet of the evaporation crystallization equipment is connected to the inlet of the second centrifuge, and the outlet of the second centrifuge is connected to the inlet of the second packaging machine. The mother liquor outlet of the evaporation crystallization equipment is connected to the inlet of the mother liquor pump, the outlet of the mother liquor pump is connected to the feed inlet of the cooling crystallization equipment, the crystallization outlet of the cooling crystallization equipment is connected to the feed inlet of the first centrifuge, and the discharge outlet of the first centrifuge is connected to the feed inlet of the first packaging machine. The sodium-rich mother liquor outlet of the cooling crystallization equipment is connected to the return port of the evaporation crystallization equipment and the return port of the water treatment system, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the pyrolysis module also includes a waste gas treatment system. The fly ash pyrolysis equipment is equipped with a dust and waste gas collection device, and the outlet of the dust and waste gas collection hood is connected to the inlet of the waste gas treatment system through a pipeline.

[0007] Furthermore, the discharge port of the fly ash storage silo is connected to the inlet of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment via the first conveyor.

[0008] Furthermore, the discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment is connected to the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage silo via a cooling conveying device.

[0009] Furthermore, the discharge port of the fly ash temporary storage bin is connected to the inlet of the dissolving tank via a second conveyor.

[0010] Furthermore, the reaction tank is equipped with a material channel for introducing carbon dioxide or an acidic solution, as well as one of a pH sensor or a concentration sensor. A solenoid valve is fixedly installed on the material channel for introducing carbon dioxide or acidic solution, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to a pH sensor or concentration sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, a water-cement ratio control module is fixedly installed in the dissolving tank of the water washing module. The water-cement ratio control module includes one of a liquid level sensor, a flow sensor, an electric regulating valve, or a pneumatic regulating valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the evaporation crystallization equipment is equipped with a steam heating channel, which is connected to a steam pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the fly ash pyrolysis equipment is equipped with a gas channel for maintaining an inert atmosphere and a heating component for heating the fly ash.

[0014] The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art: This invention utilizes a series design of pyrolysis, washing, and evaporation modules to form a complete treatment process of "dioxin removal, heavy metal and salt separation, and salt recovery," transforming fly ash from hazardous waste into usable resources. The water-ash ratio control and liquid-phase circulation design of the washing module improve the separation efficiency of soluble substances while reducing water consumption. The multi-stage preheating and mother liquor circulation structure of the evaporation module reduce energy waste and increase salt recovery rate. The overall device has a high degree of automation, with each module working collaboratively to balance harmlessness and resource utilization, conforming to the concepts of green environmental protection and circular economy. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis module in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water washing module in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the evaporation module in this utility model; The reference numerals in the attached figures are: 1. Fly ash storage silo; 2. First conveyor; 3. Fly ash pyrolysis equipment; 4. Cooling conveying equipment; 11. Fly ash temporary storage silo; 12. Second conveyor; 13. Dissolving tank; 14. Dissolving conveying pump; 15. Reaction tank; 16. Filter press conveying pump; 17. Plate and frame filter press; 18. Temporary storage tank; 21. Multistage preheater; 22. Evaporation crystallization equipment; 23. Mother liquor pump; 24. Cooling crystallization equipment; 25. Second centrifuge; 26. Second baler; 27. First centrifuge; 28. First baler. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Example

[0020] This embodiment provides a device for the resource utilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration, comprising: a pyrolysis module, a washing module, and an evaporation module connected in series; wherein, the pyrolysis module includes a fly ash storage bin 1, a first conveyor 2, a fly ash pyrolysis device 3, a cooling conveying device 4, and a waste gas treatment system; The fly ash storage silo 1 is used to temporarily store fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. Its discharge port is connected to the feed end of the first conveyor 2, which can be a belt conveyor, to transport the fly ash to the feed port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment 3. The fly ash pyrolysis equipment 3 is the core processing unit of the pyrolysis module. The heating components inside the equipment can be electric heating tubes or gas heating devices to provide the temperature required for pyrolysis and desorption of the fly ash. Inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced into the gas channel to maintain an inert atmosphere inside the equipment and prevent dioxins from being regenerated during the pyrolysis process. The cooling conveying equipment 4 is a water-cooled screw conveyor, whose feed end is connected to the discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment 3. It can cool the high-temperature fly ash after pyrolysis to a suitable temperature before conveying it to the washing module, thus avoiding the impact of high-temperature fly ash on the equipment stability of the subsequent washing process. The water washing module includes a fly ash temporary storage bin 11, a second conveyor 12, a dissolving tank 13, a dissolving and conveying pump 14, a reaction tank 15, a filter press conveying pump 16, a plate and frame filter press 17, and a temporary storage bin 18. The inlet of the fly ash temporary storage bin 11 is connected to the outlet of the cooling conveying equipment 4 to temporarily store the cooled pyrolysis fly ash. Its outlet is connected to the inlet of the second conveyor 12, which also uses a belt conveyor to uniformly feed the fly ash into the inlet of the dissolving tank 13. In the water-ash ratio control module inside the dissolving tank 13, a level sensor is used to monitor the water level in the tank, and a flow sensor is used to measure the inlet water flow. An electric regulating valve or a pneumatic regulating valve adjusts the inlet water flow according to the sensor feedback signal to ensure that the fly ash and water are mixed in a set ratio. The outlet of the dissolving tank 13 is connected to the inlet of the dissolving conveying pump 14, which uses a corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump to transport the dissolved fly ash slurry to the reverse side. The feed inlet of the reaction tank 15; the pH sensor or concentration sensor inside the reaction tank 15 monitors the slurry parameters in real time. When it is necessary to dissolve insoluble substances, the pH value or concentration of the slurry is adjusted to promote the dissolution of insoluble compounds; the discharge outlet of the reaction tank 15 is connected to the feed inlet of the filter press pump 16. The filter press pump 16 is a diaphragm pump that transports the reacted slurry to the feed inlet of the plate and frame filter press 17; the plate and frame filter press 17 achieves solid-liquid separation through filter cloth. Part of the liquid phase filtered by the plate and frame filter press 17 can enter the temporary storage tank 18. The discharge outlet of the temporary storage tank 18 is connected to the return water outlet of the dissolving tank 13 for circulation. The other part of the liquid phase can enter the water treatment system for further water purification treatment. The evaporation module includes a multi-stage preheater 21, an evaporation crystallization device 22, a mother liquor pump 23, a cooling crystallization device 24, a second centrifuge 25, a second baler 26, a first centrifuge 27, and a first baler 28. The outlet of the water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage preheater 21. The multi-stage preheater 21 uses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The preheated purified liquid enters the inlet of the evaporation crystallization equipment 22 through the outlet of the multi-stage preheater 21. The steam heating channel on the evaporation crystallization equipment 22 is connected to a steam pipeline, and saturated steam is introduced to provide a heat source for the equipment, so that the sodium chloride in the purified liquid reaches saturated solubility and crystallizes out. The crystallization outlet of the evaporation crystallization equipment 22 is connected to the inlet of the second centrifuge 25. The second centrifuge 25 is a horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge, which dehydrates the crystals. The dehydrated crystals are sent to the second packaging machine 26 through the outlet of the second centrifuge 25. The second packaging machine 26 is an automatic weighing and packaging machine that packages the crystals into standard specification products. The mother liquor outlet is connected to the inlet of mother liquor pump 23, which is a centrifugal pump that delivers the mother liquor to the feed inlet of cooling crystallization equipment 24. Cooling crystallization equipment 24 is a jacketed cooling crystallizer. Cooling water is introduced through the jacket to reduce the temperature of the mother liquor, causing the residual sodium chloride in the mother liquor to precipitate further. The precipitated crystals enter the feed inlet of the first centrifuge 27 through the crystallization outlet of cooling crystallization equipment 24. The first centrifuge 27 is a three-legged centrifuge that dehydrates the crystals. The dehydrated crystals are sent to the first baler 28 for baling through the discharge outlet of the first centrifuge 27. The sodium-rich mother liquor outlet of cooling crystallization equipment 24 is divided into two paths: one path is connected to the return port of evaporation crystallization equipment 22, and the other path is connected to the return port of water treatment system, realizing the circulation of mother liquor and improving the salt recovery rate.

[0021] In operation, the fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration is first fed into fly ash storage silo 1, then conveyed by the first conveyor 2 to fly ash pyrolysis equipment 3. Dioxins are desorbed by pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere and set temperature. The pyrolysis exhaust gas is treated by an exhaust gas treatment system before being discharged. The pyrolysis fly ash is cooled by cooling conveyor 4 and then sent to fly ash temporary storage silo 11. The fly ash in fly ash temporary storage silo 11 is conveyed by the second conveyor 12 into dissolution tank 13, where it is mixed and dissolved with water under the action of a water-ash ratio control module. The slurry is then sent to reaction tank 15 by dissolution conveyor pump 14, and carbon dioxide is introduced. After the insoluble substances are dissolved by carbon dioxide or acidic solution, they are sent to the plate and frame filter press 17 by the filter press transfer pump 16 to achieve solid-liquid separation. The filter cake is utilized as a resource, and the liquid phase is partially circulated and partially purified. The purified liquid is preheated by the multi-stage preheater 21 and then enters the evaporation crystallization equipment 22. The precipitated crystals are dehydrated by the second centrifuge 25 and packaged by the second baler 26. The potassium-rich mother liquor is sent to the cooling crystallization equipment 24 by the mother liquor pump 23. The further precipitated crystals are dehydrated by the first centrifuge 27 and packaged by the first baler 28. The sodium-rich mother liquor is recycled.

[0022] In summary, this invention, through the series design of pyrolysis, washing, and evaporation modules, forms a complete treatment process of "dioxin removal, heavy metal and salt separation, and salt recovery," realizing the transformation of fly ash from hazardous waste into usable resources. The water-ash ratio control and liquid-phase circulation design of the washing module improve the separation efficiency of soluble substances while reducing water consumption. The multi-stage preheating and mother liquor circulation structure of the evaporation module reduce energy waste and increase salt recovery rate. The overall device has a high degree of automation, with each module working collaboratively, balancing harmlessness and resource utilization benefits, and conforming to the concepts of green environmental protection and circular economy.

[0023] The above description of this utility model is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the implementation method and protection scope of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for the resource utilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration, characterized in that, It includes a pyrolysis module, a water washing module, and an evaporation module connected in series. The pyrolysis module includes: a fly ash storage silo (1) and a fly ash pyrolysis device (3) connected to the discharge port of the fly ash storage silo (1); The water washing module includes: fly ash temporary storage tank (11), dissolving tank (13), dissolving transfer pump (14), reaction tank (15), filter press transfer pump (16), plate and frame filter press (17), and temporary storage tank (18). The discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment (3) is connected to the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage bin (11). The discharge port of the fly ash temporary storage bin (11) is connected to the inlet of the dissolving tank (13). The discharge port of the dissolving tank (13) is connected to the inlet of the dissolving conveying pump (14). The discharge port of the dissolving conveying pump (14) is connected to the inlet of the reaction tank (15). The discharge port of the reaction tank (15) is connected to the inlet of the filter press conveying pump (16). The discharge port of the filter press conveying pump (16) is connected to the inlet of the plate and frame filter press (17). The liquid phase outlet of the plate and frame filter press (17) is connected to the inlet of the temporary storage tank (18) and the inlet of the water treatment system, respectively. The discharge port of the temporary storage tank (18) is connected to the return water port of the dissolving tank (13). The outlet of the water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the evaporation module.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation module includes: a multi-stage preheater (21), an evaporation crystallization device (22), a mother liquor pump (23), a cooling crystallization device (24), a second centrifuge (25), a second baler (26), a first centrifuge (27), and a first baler (28); The outlet of the water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage preheater (21), the outlet of the multi-stage preheater (21) is connected to the inlet of the evaporation crystallization device (22), the crystallization outlet of the evaporation crystallization device (22) is connected to the inlet of the second centrifuge (25), and the outlet of the second centrifuge (25) is connected to the inlet of the second packaging machine (26). The mother liquor outlet of the evaporation crystallization device (22) is connected to the inlet of the mother liquor pump (23), the outlet of the mother liquor pump (23) is connected to the feed inlet of the cooling crystallization device (24), the crystallization outlet of the cooling crystallization device (24) is connected to the feed inlet of the first centrifuge (27), and the discharge outlet of the first centrifuge (27) is connected to the feed inlet of the first packaging machine (28). The sodium-rich mother liquor outlet of the cooling crystallization device (24) is connected to the return port of the evaporation crystallization device (22) and the return port of the water treatment system, respectively.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis module further includes a waste gas treatment system. The fly ash pyrolysis equipment (3) is equipped with a dust and waste gas collection device. The outlet of the dust and waste gas collection hood is connected to the inlet of the waste gas treatment system through a pipe.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge port of the fly ash storage silo (1) is connected to the inlet of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment (3) via the first conveyor (2).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge port of the fly ash pyrolysis equipment (3) is connected to the inlet of the fly ash temporary storage bin (11) through the cooling conveying equipment (4).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge port of the fly ash temporary storage bin (11) is connected to the inlet of the dissolving tank (13) via a second conveyor (12).

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction tank (15) is provided with a material channel for introducing carbon dioxide or acidic solution, and one of a pH sensor or a concentration sensor in its cavity; The material channel for introducing carbon dioxide or acidic solution is fixedly equipped with a solenoid valve, which is electrically connected to the pH sensor or concentration sensor.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dissolving tank (13) of the water washing module is fixedly equipped with a water-cement ratio control module, which includes one of a liquid level sensor, a flow sensor, an electric regulating valve or a pneumatic regulating valve.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation crystallization equipment (22) is equipped with a steam heating channel, which is connected to a steam pipeline.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fly ash pyrolysis equipment (3) is equipped with a gas channel for maintaining an inert atmosphere and a heating component for heating fly ash.

Images