Left and right spin combined forming T-shaped cutter

Abstract

The application discloses a left-right rotation combined forming T-shaped cutter, which comprises a cutter head and a cutter handle, the cutter head comprises a plurality of cutter teeth which are uniformly distributed around an axis, the plurality of cutter teeth are divided into right-handed teeth and left-handed teeth, the bottom edge of the right-handed teeth is lower than that of the left-handed teeth, and the top edge of the left-handed teeth is higher than that of the right-handed teeth; the right-handed teeth first contact a workpiece area to be machined by virtue of the lower bottom edge and undertake a main deep cutting task; the left-handed teeth cut a shallow area of the workpiece by virtue of the higher top edge; the height difference between the top edges and the bottom edges of the right-handed teeth and the left-handed teeth avoids overlapping of cutting areas, forms a cutting path with complementary depth and no interference, and the cooperation of the left-handed teeth and the right-handed teeth can balance radial forces generated in the cutting process, effectively reduces the influence of the radial forces during machining, reduces cutter vibration, avoids burr and cutter marks, and thus improves the machining surface quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining tool technology, and in particular to a T-shaped tool formed by left- and right-hand rotation. Background Technology

[0002] T-slot cutters, also known as T-shaped end mills, semi-circular end mills, or keyway cutters, are special cutting tools used for milling T-shaped grooves and side grooves on workpieces. They are mounted on milling machines.

[0003] Existing T-slot cutters are typically right-handed, which can cause burrs during machining. When the bottom edge of a right-handed T-slot cutter finishes a flat surface, the side edge T-grooving or milling of the surface results in weak axial cutting ability at the rear due to the right-hand nature of the cutter, leading to persistent burrs on the workpiece surface. Conversely, if a left-handed cutter is used, the bottom edge's cutting ability is weak, easily resulting in circular marks, grooves, and tool marks on the workpiece surface. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to propose a left-right rotating combined forming T-shaped cutter, which aims to solve the problem of burrs generated when existing T-shaped cutters are used to process products.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a left-right helical combined forming T-shaped knife, comprising: a knife head and a knife shank, wherein the knife head includes a plurality of teeth evenly distributed around an axis in the circumferential direction, the plurality of teeth being divided into right-hand teeth and left-hand teeth, wherein the bottom edge of the right-hand teeth is lower than the bottom edge of the left-hand teeth, and the top edge of the left-hand teeth is higher than the top edge of the right-hand teeth.

[0006] Optionally, the right-hand helical tooth shear angle is slotted, and the angle of the right-hand helical tooth shear angle is 3°-10°.

[0007] Optionally, the left-hand helical tooth shear angle is slotted, and the angle of the left-hand helical tooth shear angle is 3°-10°.

[0008] Optionally, the bottom cutting edge length of both the right-hand and left-hand helical teeth is 1.5mm-3.5mm, and the core diameter of the cutter head is 4mm.

[0009] Optionally, the plurality of left-handed teeth and the plurality of right-handed teeth are distributed alternately.

[0010] Optionally, the bottom edge of the right-hand helical tooth is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm lower than the bottom edge of the left-hand helical tooth.

[0011] Optionally, the tip edge of the left-hand helical tooth is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm higher than the tip edge of the right-hand helical tooth.

[0012] Optionally, the first rear angle of the right-hand helical tooth is 8°-16°, and the second rear angle of the right-hand helical tooth is 18°-25°.

[0013] Optionally, the first rear angle of the left-hand helical tooth is 1°-8°, and the second rear angle of the left-hand helical tooth is 5°-12°.

[0014] Optionally, the blade has a chip groove between the bottom edge of the cutting tooth and the center of the cutting head.

[0015] This application's technical solution involves setting a cutting head and a cutting shank. The cutting head includes multiple cutting teeth evenly distributed circumferentially around an axis. These teeth are divided into right-handed and left-handed teeth. The bottom edge of the right-handed tooth is lower than the bottom edge of the left-handed tooth, and the top edge of the left-handed tooth is higher than the top edge of the right-handed tooth. The multiple cutting teeth of the cutting head are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis and clearly divided into right-handed and left-handed teeth. Through the height difference design—the bottom edge of the right-handed tooth is lower than that of the left-handed tooth, and the top edge of the left-handed tooth is higher than that of the right-handed tooth—a collaborative cutting mode is formed. During cutting, the right-handed tooth, with its lower bottom edge, first contacts the workpiece's machining area and undertakes the main deep cutting tasks, such as grooves. The right-hand helical gear is used for machining the bottom surface or deeper stepped surfaces. The left-hand helical gear, with its higher top edge, simultaneously cuts the shallower areas of the workpiece, such as the top surface of a groove or a shallower stepped surface. The height difference between the top and bottom edges of the two gears prevents overlapping of cutting areas, forming a complementary and interference-free cutting path. At the same time, the cooperation of the left and right helical directions can balance the radial forces generated during the cutting process. The right-hand helical gear generates a radial force to the right, and the left-hand helical gear generates a radial force to the left, which cancel each other out. Through the height difference design of the top and bottom edges of the right-hand and left-hand helical gears, the influence of radial forces during machining is effectively reduced, tool vibration is reduced, and burrs and tool marks are avoided, thereby improving the surface quality of the machined parts. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the T-shaped knife formed by left and right rotation in this application; Figure 2 This is one of the side view structural schematic diagrams of the T-shaped knife formed by left and right rotation in this application; Figure 3 This is the second side view of the T-shaped blade formed by left and right rotation in this application; Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the T-shaped knife formed by left and right rotation in this application; Figure 5 This application provides a T-shaped cutter formed by left- and right-hand rotation. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line AA; Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the state of the cutter head cutting the workpiece in the left-right rotating combined forming T-shaped cutter of this application; Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram showing the state of the cutter head cutting the workpiece in the T-shaped cutter of this application, which combines left and right rotation.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Cutting head; 1100. Cutting tooth; 1110. Right-hand tooth; 1111. Bottom cutting edge of right-hand tooth; 1112. Top cutting edge of right-hand tooth; 1113. First clearance angle of right-hand tooth; 1114. Second clearance angle of right-hand tooth; 1120. Left-hand tooth; 1121. Bottom cutting edge of left-hand tooth; 1122. Top cutting edge of left-hand tooth; 1123. First clearance angle of left-hand tooth; 1124. Second clearance angle of left-hand tooth; 1200. Chip groove; 2. Tool holder; 3. Neck; 4. Workpiece.

[0019] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly set on the other component; when a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0023] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, if the word "and / or" appears throughout the text, it means including three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0024] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application, provided that they do not affect the effects and purposes that this application can produce.

[0025] Existing T-slot cutters are typically right-handed, which can cause burrs during product machining. After the bottom edge of a right-handed T-slot cutter has finished machining a flat surface, when milling the T-groove on the side edge or lifting the cutter, the axial cutting ability at the rear is weak due to the right-handed nature of the cutter, resulting in persistent burrs on the workpiece surface. If a left-handed structure is used, the bottom edge cutting ability is weak, easily causing problems such as circular marks, circular imprints, and rotary tool marks on the workpiece surface.

[0026] In view of this, this application proposes a T-shaped knife formed by left and right rotation.

[0027] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figures 1 to 7 The aforementioned T-shaped knife formed by combining left and right helical rotation includes: a knife head 1 and a knife handle 2. The knife head 1 includes multiple blades 1100 evenly distributed around the axis in the circumferential direction. The multiple blades 1100 are divided into right-hand helical teeth 1110 and left-hand helical teeth 1120. The bottom edge 1111 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 is lower than the bottom edge 1121 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120, and the top edge 1122 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120 is higher than the top edge 1112 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110.

[0028] Specifically, during cutting, the right-hand helical tooth 1110, with its lower bottom cutting edge, first contacts the workpiece's machining area and undertakes the main deep cutting tasks, such as machining the bottom surface of a groove or a deeper step surface; the left-hand helical tooth 1120, with its higher top cutting edge, simultaneously cuts the shallower areas of the workpiece, such as the top surface of a groove or a shallower step surface. The two avoid overlapping cutting areas through the height difference between their top and bottom cutting edges, forming a complementary and interference-free cutting path. At the same time, the cooperation of the left and right helical directions can balance the radial force generated during the cutting process. The right-hand helical tooth 1110 generates a radial force to the right, and the left-hand helical tooth 1120 generates a radial force to the left, and the two cancel each other out.

[0029] In this embodiment, the right-hand helical tooth 1110 has a slotted shear angle, which is 3°-10°. The shear angle is the angle between the cutting edge of the tooth 1100 and the cutting speed direction. This angle range is designed based on the principle of minimum cutting force. A shear angle of 3°-10° can reduce the deformation coefficient of the metal in the cutting layer, thus reducing plastic deformation during the cutting process. At the same time, the slotted design provides a preliminary discharge channel for the chips, preventing the chips from directly pressing against the tooth 1100. Specifically, the preferred shear angle of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 is 7°, which minimizes the cutting force, reduces the load on the tool, and minimizes plastic deformation during the cutting process.

[0030] In this embodiment, the left-hand helical tooth 1120 has a slotted shear angle, with the angle ranging from 3° to 10°. Shallow cutting requires higher surface roughness, and an angle of 3° to 10° allows for thinner chips that are easier to remove, preventing scratches on the workpiece surface. Simultaneously, the shear angle slot adapts to the rotation direction of the left-hand helical tooth 1120, ensuring smooth chip removal along the left-hand direction. Through shear angle optimization, the left-hand helical tooth 1120 avoids unilateral wear caused by concentrated friction in shallow cutting, resulting in more consistent lifespan for both helical and left-hand helical teeth 1110. Specifically, the preferred shear angle for the left-hand helical tooth 1120 is 7°, reducing the surface roughness of the machined workpiece.

[0031] In this embodiment, the T-shaped cutter is 50mm long, the shank 2 has a diameter of 12mm, the cutter head 1 has a diameter of 10.8mm, and the cutter head 1 has a thickness of 4.3mm. The shank 2 and the cutter head 1 are connected by a coaxial neck 3 with a diameter of 3mm. The bottom cutting edge lengths of both the right-hand helical tooth 1110 and the left-hand helical tooth 1120 are 1.5mm-3.5mm, and the core diameter of the cutter head 1 is 4mm. The bottom cutting edge length of 1.5mm-3.5mm ensures that the bottom cutting edge can cover the cutting area at the bottom of the groove, while also creating a drainage area at the bottom of the cutter head 1 to avoid scratching the surface during cutting. The bottom cutting edge length is preferably 2.2mm. The 4mm core diameter strikes a balance between rigidity and lightweight, avoiding both bending and deformation of the tool during cutting due to an excessively small core diameter and reduced chip removal space and increased tool weight due to an excessively large core diameter.

[0032] In this embodiment, multiple left-hand helical teeth 1120 and multiple right-hand helical teeth 1110 are staggered. The staggered distribution means that the left and right helical teeth 1110 are arranged alternately along the circumference of the cutter head 1, rather than a symmetrical distribution where the right-hand helical teeth 1110 are concentrated on one side and the left-hand helical teeth 1120 are concentrated on the other side. This design makes the cutting load evenly distributed along the circumference of the cutter head 1. During cutting, each right-hand helical tooth 1110 contacts the workpiece sequentially with the adjacent left-hand helical tooth 1120, avoiding the concentration of cutting force in a certain area. At the same time, the staggered arrangement can form a continuous and uniform cutting path, reduce vibration caused by cutting gap, improve machining stability, reduce local wear of the tool, and reduce machine tool load.

[0033] In this embodiment, the bottom cutting edge 1111 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm lower than the bottom cutting edge 1121 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120. A 0.1 mm height difference is suitable for machining thin-walled workpieces or high-precision grooves, such as electronic chip carriers, preventing excessive cutting by the right-hand helical tooth 1110 that could lead to insufficient workpiece wall thickness. A 0.2 mm height difference is suitable for machining thick-walled workpieces or deep grooves, such as mechanical supports, improving the deep cutting efficiency of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 while avoiding overlap with the shallow cutting area of ​​the left-hand helical tooth 1120. These specific values ​​were obtained through cutting simulation, experimental verification, and optimization to ensure a balance between cutting efficiency and machining accuracy.

[0034] In this embodiment, the top cutting edge 1122 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120 is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm higher than the top cutting edge 1112 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110. The difference in top cutting edge height directly determines the step height accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece. The 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm height difference works in conjunction with the bottom cutting edge height difference to form a corresponding cutting range definition. The left-hand top cutting edge covers the upper half of the groove wall, and the right-hand top cutting edge covers the lower half of the groove wall. The two are seamlessly connected to ensure that the groove wall is flat and stepless, thus guaranteeing the surface roughness quality.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first clearance angle 1113 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 is 8°-16°, and the second clearance angle 1114 of the right-hand helical tooth 1110 is 18°-25°. The clearance angle is the angle between the cutting edge and the machined surface, and is divided into the primary clearance angle (corresponding to the primary cutting plane) and the secondary clearance angle (corresponding to the secondary cutting plane). The second clearance angle 1114 is the primary clearance angle; a primary clearance angle of 18°-25° can reduce friction between the primary clearance face and the workpiece, reducing cutting heat. The preferred angle for the second clearance angle is 25°. The first clearance angle 1113 is the secondary clearance angle; a secondary clearance angle of 8°-16° can balance the strength and friction of the secondary cutting edge, ensuring tool strength and preventing chipping. The preferred angle for the first clearance angle is 12°.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first clearance angle 1123 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120 is 1°-8°, and the second clearance angle 1124 of the left-hand helical tooth 1120 is 5°-12°. The first clearance angle 1123 is the primary clearance angle, as the friction area of ​​the main plane in shallow cutting is typically small; and the main cutting edge of the left-hand helical tooth 1120 needs to withstand upward cutting forces, so a small clearance angle can improve the strength of the main cutting edge and prevent it from chipping. The preferred angle for the first clearance angle is 8°. The second clearance angle 1124 is the secondary clearance angle, and a secondary clearance angle of 5°-12° can balance low friction and lateral strength. The preferred angle for the second clearance angle is 12°.

[0037] In this embodiment, the chip-receiving groove 1200 is provided between the bottom edge of the cutting tooth 1100 and the center of the cutting head 1. The chips generated by the right-hand helical tooth 1110 are discharged towards the rear end of the cutting head 1, and the chip-receiving groove 1200 can temporarily accommodate the chips to prevent the chips from directly rubbing against the rear end of the workpiece; the chips generated by the left-hand helical tooth 1120 are discharged towards the front end of the cutting head 1, and the chip-receiving groove 1200 can guide the chips to gather towards the center before being discharged, preventing the chips from clogging between the bottom edge and the bottom surface of the workpiece.

[0038] This technical solution involves setting a cutting head and a cutting shank. The cutting head includes multiple cutting teeth evenly distributed circumferentially around an axis. These teeth are divided into right-handed and left-handed teeth. The bottom edge of the right-handed teeth is lower than that of the left-handed teeth, and the top edge of the left-handed teeth is higher than that of the right-handed teeth. The multiple cutting teeth of the cutting head are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis and clearly divided into right-handed and left-handed teeth. Through the height difference design, the bottom edge of the right-handed teeth is lower than that of the left-handed teeth, and the top edge of the left-handed teeth is higher than that of the right-handed teeth, forming a division of labor and cooperation cutting mode. During cutting, the right-handed teeth, with their lower bottom edge, first contact the workpiece's machining area and undertake the main deep cutting tasks, such as the bottom surface of grooves or deeper platforms. For stepped surface machining, the left-hand helical teeth, with their higher top edge, simultaneously cut the shallow areas of the workpiece, such as the top surface of a groove or a shallow step. The height difference between the top and bottom edges of the two helical teeth avoids overlapping cutting areas, forming a complementary and interference-free cutting path. At the same time, the cooperation of the left and right helical directions can balance the radial forces generated during the cutting process. The right-hand helical teeth generate a radial force to the right, and the left-hand helical teeth generate a radial force to the left, which cancel each other out. Through the height difference design of the top and bottom edges of the right-hand and left-hand helical teeth, the influence of radial forces during machining is effectively reduced, tool vibration is reduced, and burrs and tool marks are avoided, thereby improving the surface quality of the machined surface.

[0039] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the inventive concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A T-shaped knife formed by left- and right-hand rotation, characterized in that, include: The blade head and the handle, wherein the blade head includes a plurality of blade teeth evenly distributed around an axis in a circumferential direction, the plurality of blade teeth being divided into right-handed teeth and left-handed teeth, wherein the bottom edge of the right-handed teeth is lower than the bottom edge of the left-handed teeth, and the top edge of the left-handed teeth is higher than the top edge of the right-handed teeth.

2. The T-shaped blade formed by left and right rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The right-hand helical tooth shear angle slot is 3°-10°.

3. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The left-hand helical tooth shear angle slot is 3°-10°.

4. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom cutting edge length of both the right-hand and left-hand helical teeth is 1.5mm-3.5mm, and the core diameter of the cutter head is 4mm.

5. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple left-handed teeth and multiple right-handed teeth are interleaved and distributed.

6. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom edge of the right-hand helical tooth is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm lower than the bottom edge of the left-hand helical tooth.

7. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotary coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tip edge of the left-hand helical tooth is 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm higher than the tip edge of the right-hand helical tooth.

8. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first rear angle of the right-hand helical tooth is 8°-16°, and the second rear angle of the right-hand helical tooth is 18°-25°.

9. The T-shaped blade formed by left- and right-hand rotation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first rear angle of the left-hand helical tooth is 1°-8°, and the second rear angle of the left-hand helical tooth is 5°-12°.

10. The left- and right-hand rotary combined forming T-shaped knife as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Chip grooves are provided between the bottom edge of the cutting teeth and the center of the cutting head.

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