A hand-held laser welding torch and laser processing device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of laser processing technology discloses handheld laser welding torch and laser processing device. Handheld laser welding torch includes base body and gun rod. The base body has a protective mirror for laser to pass through; the gun rod is connected with the base body, and the gun rod is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel, the first channel is used for laser and protective gas passing through the protective mirror, the first channel is gradually reduced in the inside diameter in the light emitting direction at least partially, the second channel is communicated with the first channel and is used for accommodating or guiding the welding slag into the gun rod. Through the utility model, the welding slag can be prevented from damaging the protective mirror, the protective mirror can be prevented from being frequently replaced, the cost is reduced, the operation process of the user is reduced, and the convenience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a handheld laser welding gun and a laser processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Welding equipment is a general term for all the tools, devices, and auxiliary equipment required to perform welding processes. Together, they ensure the smooth progress of the welding process and the reliability of the weld quality. Laser welding equipment uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to achieve efficient and precise joining of materials. With its characteristics of high precision, low deformation, and high efficiency, it plays a vital role in manufacturing.

[0003] Handheld laser welding guns are a very common laser welding tool in recent years. They replace the fixed optical path by allowing the laser welding gun to be held by hand, thus changing the working mode of traditional laser welding machines. The handheld laser welding gun consists of a handheld part and a gun barrel located at the front of the handheld part. The laser beam is emitted through the gun barrel, and the high-energy-density laser beam is precisely projected onto the surface of the material to be welded, causing the material to melt locally and instantaneously, forming a high-quality molten pool. This molten pool, combined with welding wire, achieves the welding purpose. During the welding process, the handheld laser welding gun can be moved to adjust the welding area according to welding needs, making it suitable for applications with limited space and high-precision welding, offering excellent flexibility.

[0004] An optical component is installed inside the handheld part of the handheld laser welding gun. The protective lens in the optical component is located near the gun barrel. During welding, the welding slag will enter the gun barrel through the nozzle due to the rebound effect. After multiple collisions on the inner wall of the gun barrel, it will bounce back to the protective lens, thereby damaging the protective lens.

[0005] Currently, in order to ensure welding quality, the protective lens needs to be replaced frequently, which increases the user's operation process, leads to a poor customer experience, and also increases the cost of using handheld laser welding guns. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a handheld laser welding gun and laser processing device to solve the problem of weld slag impact damaging the internal protective lens during laser welding, thereby avoiding frequent replacement of the protective lens, reducing costs, simplifying the user's operation process, and improving convenience.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] Handheld laser welding gun, including:

[0009] A substrate having a protective mirror for allowing laser light to pass through;

[0010] The gun barrel is connected to the base body. The gun barrel has a first channel and a second channel. The first channel is used for the laser and protective gas passing through the protective mirror. The inner diameter of the first channel gradually decreases at least in the light output direction. The second channel is connected to the first channel and is used to accommodate or guide the welding slag into the gun barrel.

[0011] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the gun barrel includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve. The outer sleeve is fitted onto the inner sleeve along the transmission direction of the laser, and the inner sleeve has the first channel formed inside.

[0012] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the gap between a portion of the inner wall of the outer kit and a portion of the outer wall of the inner component is used to form at least a portion of the second channel.

[0013] As an alternative solution for a handheld laser welding gun, the first channel includes a first segment and a second segment. Along the light emission direction, the inner diameter of the first segment gradually decreases, and the second segment is located at the rear end of the first segment, with its inner diameter gradually increasing; or

[0014] The first channel includes a first segment, a transition segment, and a second segment. Along the light emission direction, the inner diameter of the first segment gradually decreases, and the second segment is located at the rear end of the first segment, with the inner diameter of the second segment gradually increasing. The transition segment smoothly transitions and connects with the first segment and the second segment, respectively.

[0015] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the minimum aperture of the first channel is formed between the first segment and the second segment, and the cross-sectional area at the minimum aperture is less than 50% of the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first segment; and / or,

[0016] The cross-sectional area of ​​the second exit is greater than 120% of the cross-sectional area at the minimum diameter.

[0017] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, in the direction of laser transmission, the outer diameter of the outer wall of the built-in component used to form the second channel gradually decreases.

[0018] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the outer casing is provided with multiple through holes spaced apart circumferentially, through which the welding slag from the second channel passes and is discharged from the gun barrel.

[0019] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the through hole and the outlet of the first channel have a first distance in the light emission direction, and the first distance is not equal to 0.

[0020] As an alternative to a handheld laser welding gun, the through hole is elongated or oblong.

[0021] A laser processing apparatus includes a laser generating device, a wire feeder, and a handheld laser welding gun as described in any of the above embodiments. The laser generating device is connected to the substrate and is used to generate the laser. The wire feeder is used to transport welding wire to the welding area.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0023] In the first aspect of this invention, a protective lens is built into the interior of the substrate to isolate the optical elements inside the substrate from the outside. A first channel is formed inside the gun barrel, through which both the protective gas and the laser simultaneously pass and reach the welding area. The shared transmission of the protective gas and laser through the first channel allows for a more compact and smaller gun barrel structure. Furthermore, the protective gas reaches a preset speed after flowing through the first channel, which is greater than the initial speed, meaning the protective gas accelerates after passing through the first channel. As the laser welding process proceeds, some of the weld slag produced enters the gun barrel through the nozzle. The increased speed of the protective gas significantly reduces the amount of weld slag entering the first channel, preventing it from entering the substrate. This protects the protective lens, avoids frequent replacements, reduces costs, simplifies user operations, improves convenience, and extends the lifespan of the protective lens. Additionally, a second channel is provided inside the gun barrel, connected to the first channel, and used to accommodate or guide weld slag entering the gun barrel. The first channel increases the flow rate of the protective gas, and the high-speed airflow blows the welding slag directly into the second channel. The second channel has a certain space to accommodate the welding slag, and it can also be connected to the external environment, so that the welding slag can be directly discharged from the gun rod, achieving a self-cleaning effect. This solves the problem of welding slag being stored in the handheld laser welding gun, which requires the handheld laser welding gun to be disassembled regularly or frequently, thus improving the user experience.

[0024] In a second aspect of this utility model, the laser processing device based on the handheld laser welding gun can effectively reduce the process of cleaning welding slag for users, improve convenience, and at the same time ensure the life of the protective lens and reduce the replacement cost of accessories. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the handheld laser welding gun described in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the handheld laser welding gun described in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion at point A;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gun barrel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Matrix;

[0031] 2. Gun barrel; 21. First channel; 211. First section; 212. Second section; 213. Transition section; 22. Second channel; 23. Outer kit; 231. Through hole; 24. Internal component. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0036] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 3 The first aspect of this embodiment relates to a handheld laser welding gun, which includes a base 1 and a gun barrel 2. The base 1 has a protective lens for the laser to pass through. The gun barrel 2 is connected to the base 1 and has a first channel 21 and a second channel 22. The first channel 21 allows the laser and protective gas passing through the protective lens to pass through. The first channel 21 has a gradually decreasing inner diameter, at least partially in the light emission direction. The second channel 22 communicates with the first channel 21 and is used to contain or guide welding slag into the gun barrel 2.

[0037] Specifically, the base 1 is the handheld part held by the operator, and the gun barrel 2 is the laser output part. The gun barrel 2 and the base 1 can be connected by various detachable methods such as threaded connection or snap-fit, thereby improving the adaptability of the entire handheld laser welding gun. The end of the base 1 away from the gun barrel 2 is used to connect a cable, and the other end of the cable is connected to the laser generating device. The laser generated by the laser generating device can enter the output head located inside the base 1, pass through the protective lens through the output head, and then be output by the gun barrel 2, thus transmitting it to the part to be welded for laser welding processing. The protective lens is built into the base 1 to isolate the optical components inside the base 1 from the external environment.

[0038] A first channel 21 is formed inside the laser gun 2, through which both the shielding gas and the laser can simultaneously reach the welding area. The shielding gas is a key factor in ensuring the quality of laser welding; its main function is to isolate the weld pool from air, preventing chemical reactions between the high-temperature molten pool and oxygen in the air, thus avoiding defects such as oxidation, porosity, and cracks. The shielding gas can be argon, nitrogen, or helium. The shielding gas and laser are transmitted coaxially, sharing the first channel 21, which allows for a more compact structure and smaller size for the laser gun 2. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the first channel 21 gradually decreases at least partially in the light-emitting direction, thereby increasing the speed of the shielding gas. For example, the speed at which the shielding gas exits after flowing through the first channel 21 is a preset speed. Due to the constricted extension of the first channel 21, this preset speed is greater than the initial speed of the shielding gas upon entering the first channel 21; that is, the shielding gas experiences a speed increase after passing through the first channel 21. As the laser welding process proceeds, the welding slag produced will enter the interior of the gun rod 2 through the nozzle of the gun rod 2. When the speed of the shielding gas is increased, the amount of welding slag entering the first channel 21 can be greatly reduced. The welding slag cannot enter the substrate 1 through the first channel 21, thereby achieving the protective function of the protective lens, avoiding frequent replacement of the protective lens, reducing costs, reducing the user's operation process, improving convenience and the service life of the protective lens.

[0039] In addition, the gun barrel 2 is equipped with a second channel 22, which is connected to the first channel 21 and can be used to contain or guide welding slag into the gun barrel 2. By increasing the flow rate of the shielding gas through the first channel 21, the welding slag can be directly blown into the second channel 22 under the action of the high-speed airflow. The second channel 22 has a certain capacity to hold the welding slag. Of course, the second channel 22 can also be used to connect with the external environment, thereby achieving the purpose of directly discharging the welding slag from the gun barrel 2, achieving a self-cleaning effect. This solves the problem of welding slag being stored in the handheld laser welding gun, which requires periodic or frequent disassembly of the handheld laser welding gun, thus improving the user experience.

[0040] It should be noted that this handheld laser welding gun has an internal control component, which can be connected to the laser generating device to control its start-up, shutdown, and parameter adjustment functions. The structure and principle of the control component can be referenced from existing products, and even the control structure of existing products can be directly reused without affecting the core solution of this application.

[0041] Optionally, the gun barrel 2 includes an outer sleeve 23 and an inner part 24. The outer sleeve 23 is fitted onto the inner part 24 along the transmission direction of the laser, and a first channel 21 is formed inside the inner part 24.

[0042] Specifically, the outer sleeve 23 is a rod-shaped sleeve that constitutes at least part of the gun barrel. One end of the outer sleeve 23 has a connecting flange, which connects it to the base 1. The other end of the outer sleeve 23 has an outlet for the laser and protective gas to pass through. Because the outlet is open, welding slag can enter the interior of the base 1 through this outlet. The inner component 24 is a tubular metal component, which can be made of copper alloy. The inner component 24 is inserted inside the outer sleeve 23. A first channel 21 extends along the axial direction of the inner component 24, and the outlet of the first channel 21 is opposite to or coincides with the outlet. The inner component 24 and the outer sleeve 23 can be connected by threads. Specifically, external threads can be machined on the outer periphery of the inner component 24, while internal threads are machined on the outer sleeve 23 to match, so that the outer sleeve 23 and the inner component 24 are screwed together. Of course, the inner component 24 and the outer component 23 can also be connected by an axial elastic snap-fit. That is, an annular groove is machined on the outer periphery of the inner component 24, and an elastic retaining ring is provided on the inner wall of the outer component 23. When the inner component 24 is inserted into the outer component 23, the elastic retaining ring elastically snaps into the annular groove to complete the snap-fit ​​between the inner component 24 and the outer component 23. Whether a threaded connection or a snap-fit ​​connection is used, it makes the installation and disassembly of the inner component 24 and the outer component 23 more convenient, thereby further improving assemblability and adaptability.

[0043] Furthermore, the gap between a portion of the inner wall of the outer casing 23 and a portion of the outer wall of the inner casing 24 is used to form at least a portion of the second channel 22.

[0044] In this embodiment, in the direction of laser transmission, the outer wall of the built-in member 24, which forms the second channel 22, gradually decreases in outer diameter, i.e., a portion of the outer wall of the built-in member 24 is frustum-shaped. An annular gap is formed between a portion of the inner wall of the outer sleeve 23 and a portion of the outer wall of the built-in member 24 to constitute at least a portion of the second channel 22.

[0045] By forming an annular gap, the welding slag is squeezed into the annular gap under the action of a high-speed airflow of protective gas, and can be discharged at a certain angle. By using an annular gap to form a second channel 22 for discharging welding slag, it is possible to avoid opening a separate second channel 22, thereby making full use of the internal space of the gun rod 2. In addition, integrating the second channel 22 into the annular gap can reduce the number of connection points and interfaces, thereby reducing the risk of leakage and improving the sealing performance or structural stability of the gun rod 2.

[0046] Optionally, the first channel 21 includes a first segment 211, the inner diameter of which gradually decreases along the light emission direction.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first segment 211 is a narrowed channel. As the inner diameter of the first segment 211 gradually decreases to form a converging structure, the flow velocity increases when the gas flows through the channel with a reduced cross-sectional area. That is, the increased velocity of the shielding gas through the first segment 211 to reach a preset speed helps the shielding gas reach the welding area more quickly, reduces the risk of air entrainment, and enhances the impact force on the molten pool, promoting molten pool flow and impurity removal. In addition, the first segment 211 allows the airflow of the shielding gas to accelerate more smoothly. Compared with sudden changes in cross-section, it can reduce the generation of eddies and turbulence, thereby making the shielding gas coverage more uniform and stable.

[0048] Furthermore, the first channel 21 includes a second segment 212. Along the light emission direction, the second segment 212 is located at the rear end of the first segment 211, and the inner diameter of the second segment 212 gradually increases.

[0049] In this embodiment, the second segment 212 is an expanding channel. As the inner diameter of the second segment 212 gradually increases to form an expanding structure, the combination of the first segment 211 and the second segment 212 forms a convergent-expanding channel structure.

[0050] Specifically, when the protective gas passes through the first section 211, the flow rate increases, which leads to a decrease in the static pressure of the gas. When the protective gas passes through the second section 212, the flow rate decreases, and some of the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy to form a dynamic pressure effect. This can block the intrusion of welding slag over a large area and force the welding slag into the second channel 22 along with the flow of the protective gas.

[0051] In this embodiment, the minimum diameter of the first channel 21 is formed between the first segment 211 and the second segment 212. An inlet for the protective gas to flow in is formed on the first segment 211, and an outlet for the protective gas to flow out is formed on the second segment 212. The cross-sectional area at the minimum diameter is less than 50% of the inlet cross-sectional area, preferably 20%, and the outlet cross-sectional area is greater than 120% of the minimum diameter cross-sectional area, preferably 200%.

[0052] Optionally, the first channel 21 includes a transition segment 213 located between the first segment 211 and the second segment 212, and the transition segment 213 smoothly transitions and connects with the first segment 211 and the second segment 212 respectively.

[0053] Specifically, the transition section 213 can be a cylindrical channel or a narrowed channel with the inner wall slightly extended inward. Regardless of the channel form, the transition section 213 needs to be smoothly connected to the first section 211 and the second section 212 respectively.

[0054] In this embodiment, the smooth transition of transition section 213 can eliminate abrupt airflow changes, maintain flow field stability, reduce energy loss, and suppress turbulence and eddy current generation. For welding processability, it ensures uniform coverage of the molten pool by the protective gas, reduces weld porosity and oxidation, improves weld uniformity, and enhances process stability.

[0055] In this embodiment, the minimum diameter of the first channel 21 is formed at the transition section 213, and an inlet for the protective gas to flow in is formed on the first section 211, while an outlet for the protective gas to flow out is formed on the second section 212. The cross-sectional area at the minimum diameter is less than 50% of the inlet cross-sectional area, preferably 20%, and the outlet cross-sectional area is greater than 120% of the minimum diameter cross-sectional area, preferably 200%.

[0056] Please see the appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 Optionally, the outer sleeve 23 is provided with a plurality of through holes 231 spaced apart along the circumference, through which the welding slag of the second channel 22 passes and is discharged from the gun rod 2.

[0057] Specifically, the through hole 231 is elongated or oblong. The extension direction of the through hole 231 is the same as the light emission direction. The through hole 231 constitutes the outlet of the second channel 22, through which the welding slag passing through the second channel 22 passes and exits the gun rod 2. The number of through holes 231 should not be too small, as this will affect the discharge of welding slag. Of course, too many through holes 231 will also affect the strength of the gun rod 2. In some specific embodiments, the number of through holes 231 can be 4 to 8.

[0058] Optionally, there is a first distance between the through hole 231 and the outlet of the first channel 21 in the light emission direction, and the first distance is not equal to 0.

[0059] Specifically, the outlets of the through hole 231 and the first channel 21 are offset axially. Typically, the first axial distance between the outlets of the through hole 231 and the first channel 21 is maintained at 5mm to 8mm. The first distance cannot be too large, as an excessively large first distance will make the second channel 22 too long, thereby extending the flow path of the shielding gas and resulting in a poorer slag removal effect. Of course, the first distance also cannot be too small, as an excessively small first distance will cause the second channel 22 to be too short, thereby causing the welding slag to block the second channel 22.

[0060] The second aspect of this embodiment also relates to a laser processing apparatus, which includes a laser generating device, a wire feeder, and a handheld laser welding gun, wherein the laser generating device is connected to a substrate 1, the laser generating device is used to generate laser, and the wire feeder is used to transport welding wire to the welding area.

[0061] In this embodiment, the laser generating device is also referred to as a laser generator. The laser generating device is responsible for converting electrical energy and other energy into a laser beam with extremely high energy density, high directionality, and monochromaticity. Simultaneously, the laser generating device also contains a light guiding system (which can be a reflector for CO2 lasers, and a flexible optical fiber for fiber or dish lasers). This light guiding system precisely transmits the laser beam to the handheld laser welding torch. Meanwhile, the focusing lens group inside the handheld laser welding torch focuses the parallel laser beam onto a very small point, forming a spot with extremely high energy density, instantly melting the metal and completing the welding. During the welding process, the wire feeder automatically and precisely delivers the welding wire to the welding area.

[0062] The laser generating device and wire feeder mentioned above can all be existing products. At the same time, the appropriate model can be selected according to the usage requirements. The structure and principle of the laser generating device and wire feeder will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0063] In a second aspect of this embodiment, the laser processing device based on the handheld laser welding gun can effectively reduce the process of cleaning welding slag for users, improve convenience, and at the same time ensure the life of the protective lens and reduce the replacement cost of accessories.

[0064] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A handheld laser welding gun, characterized in that, include: The substrate (1) has a protective mirror for allowing laser light to pass through; The gun barrel (2) is connected to the base (1). The gun barrel (2) is provided with a first channel (21) and a second channel (22). The first channel (21) is used for the laser and protective gas passing through the protective mirror. The inner diameter of the first channel (21) gradually decreases at least in part in the light output direction. The second channel (22) is connected to the first channel (21) and is used to accommodate or guide the welding slag into the gun barrel (2).

2. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gun barrel (2) includes an outer sleeve (23) and an inner part (24). The outer sleeve (23) is fitted onto the inner part (24) along the transmission direction of the laser. The inner part (24) has the first channel (21) formed inside.

3. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gap between a portion of the inner wall of the outer fitting (23) and a portion of the outer wall of the inner fitting (24) is used to form at least a portion of the second channel (22).

4. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first channel (21) includes a first segment (211) and a second segment (212). Along the light emission direction, the inner diameter of the first segment (211) gradually decreases, and the second segment (212) is located at the rear end of the first segment (211), with the inner diameter of the second segment (212) gradually increasing; or The first channel (21) includes a first segment (211), a transition segment (213), and a second segment (212). Along the light emission direction, the inner diameter of the first segment (211) gradually decreases, the second segment (212) is located at the rear end of the first segment (211), and the inner diameter of the second segment (212) gradually increases. The transition segment (213) smoothly transitions and connects with the first segment (211) and the second segment (212).

5. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first segment (211) and the second segment (212) form the minimum diameter of the first channel (21), and the cross-sectional area at the minimum diameter is less than 50% of the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the first segment (211); and / or, The cross-sectional area of ​​the second segment (212) is greater than 120% of the cross-sectional area at the minimum diameter.

6. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the direction of laser transmission, the outer diameter of the outer wall of the built-in member (24) used to form the second channel (22) gradually decreases.

7. The handheld laser welding gun according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The outer sleeve (23) is provided with a plurality of through holes (231) spaced apart along the circumference. The second channel (22) is connected to the plurality of through holes (231). The plurality of through holes (231) are used to discharge the welding slag outside the gun rod (2).

8. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 7, characterized in that, The through hole (231) and the outlet of the first channel (21) have a first distance in the light emission direction, and the first distance is not equal to 0.

9. The handheld laser welding gun according to claim 7, characterized in that, The through hole (231) is elongated or waist-shaped.

10. A laser processing apparatus, characterized in that, The invention includes a laser generating device, a wire feeder, and a handheld laser welding gun according to any one of claims 1-9. The laser generating device is connected to the substrate (1), the laser generating device is used to generate the laser, and the wire feeder is used to feed the welding wire to the welding position.

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