Reverse power supply intelligent battery replacement cabinet based on internet of things

Abstract

The utility model discloses a reverse power supply intelligent battery replacement cabinet based on internet of things relates to electric motor car power supply technical field. It includes main control module and a plurality of cabinet, is equipped with battery reverse power supply module, charging storehouse in the cabinet, and charging storehouse corresponding position electric control module and position charging module. Battery reverse power supply module input end is connected position electric control module, and the output end is connected main control module through power supply brick, and position charging module connects commercial power and connects charging battery, and position electric control module connects charging battery. Main control module communicates with position electric control module and battery reverse power supply board through a plurality of communication modules respectively. When commercial power is off, reverse power supply module realizes battery reverse power supply, and guarantees uninterrupted battery replacement operation, and also can flexible extension charging storehouse, and adapts diversified scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electric vehicle power supply technology, specifically to an intelligent battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things with reverse power supply. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicle travel, battery swapping stations, as a key facility to ensure the range of electric vehicles, are playing an increasingly important role in urban transportation energy replenishment systems. Currently, the mainstream battery swapping station usage and power supply modes have the following characteristics: users complete the battery swapping operation by scanning a QR code on their mobile devices via the Internet of Things (IoT) to access a mini-program or app; the equipment relies on a 220V AC mains power supply for overall power. However, conventional battery swapping stations have significant shortcomings: First, in the event of a power outage, the equipment cannot complete the battery swapping operation normally due to the power loss, and the existing reverse power supply design is not stable during power switching, easily leading to switching failures; Second, due to inherent design limitations, it is difficult to flexibly increase the number of charging compartments in different areas, making it difficult to adapt to diverse usage scenarios; Third, in the event of a power outage, it is impossible to obtain key status parameters such as the voltage of the batteries in each charging compartment in real time, which can easily lead to user errors or selection of unsuitable batteries when swapping batteries. These shortcomings restrict the service reliability and scenario adaptability of battery swapping stations and urgently need to be improved through technological optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the current IoT-based smart battery swapping cabinets by providing an IoT-based reverse power supply smart battery swapping cabinet. Under normal operating conditions, the cabinet is powered by mains electricity while simultaneously ensuring the operation of the internal communication module, enabling real-time data upload to the cloud. During mains power outages, the main control system continues to operate to maintain uninterrupted battery swapping operations, and a voltage conversion unit converts the high-voltage DC power from the battery to low-voltage DC power to power the communication module and the compartment's electrical control module, ensuring real-time transmission of equipment status and battery parameters to the cloud. Furthermore, the voltage conversion unit, along with a reverse power supply board, converts the high-voltage DC power output from the battery to low-voltage DC power, providing power support for the operation of the battery swapping cabinet.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: This utility model provides an IoT-based reverse power supply smart battery swapping cabinet, including a main control module and several cabinets. At least one of the cabinets is equipped with at least one battery reverse power supply module, and each cabinet is equipped with several charging compartments. Each charging compartment corresponds to a compartment control module and a compartment charging module. In standard configuration, a single reverse power supply board can cascade multiple charging compartments, with a minimum of one board required to ensure basic functionality. In actual deployment, the number of reverse power supply boards should be dynamically configured based on the load characteristics of the battery swapping cabinet: when the cabinet contains a large number of charging compartments (e.g., more than 30), the power load of a single reverse power supply module is limited. Multiple modules can work together to share the load, ensuring sufficient power for all compartment control modules and the main control system during mains power outages, preventing partial functional failure due to insufficient power.

[0005] The input terminal of the battery reverse power supply module is electrically connected to all the compartment electrical control modules, and its output terminal is connected to each electrical device, including LED lighting and other devices that require power. The positive and negative terminals of the electric vehicle battery are both connected to the battery reverse power supply module. When the mains power is cut off, the battery with the highest voltage supplies power to the entire device through the battery reverse power supply module.

[0006] The input terminal of the compartment charging module is connected to the mains power, and the output terminal is connected to the rechargeable battery in the corresponding charging compartment; the compartment electronic control module is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery in the corresponding charging compartment. The main control module is connected to the warehouse electrical control module and the reverse power supply module through several communication modules; The charging module in each battery compartment supplies power to the batteries to be charged. The communication module uses an expandable RS485 bus. The battery compartment's electrical control module collects real-time status parameters such as battery voltage and temperature, and transmits the data to the main control module via the RS485 bus for centralized monitoring of battery status. During normal operation of the battery swapping cabinet, the battery compartment's electrical control module periodically polls for real-time voltage values ​​of each battery. After comparison and calculation, it selects the battery with the highest voltage and sends its identifier and parameters to the reverse power supply board via the RS485 bus. When a main power interruption is detected, the reverse power supply board triggers the MOS switch of the corresponding battery to turn on based on the latest voltage data received before the power outage, connecting the battery to the power supply circuit to provide emergency power to the system. When the battery with the highest voltage discharges to the minimum threshold, the battery compartment's electrical control module then selects the battery with the highest voltage for reverse power supply.

[0007] The main control module is connected to the compartment electronic control module and the battery reverse power supply board in multiple modular battery compartment units through at least two cascaded RS485 bus structures. The RS485 bus cascade structure includes an automatic address allocation module and a signal repeater, supporting an expansion connection of up to 64 nodes.

[0008] The battery reverse power supply module includes a switching power supply unit, a power control management unit, a switching conversion unit, and an output protection unit; the output of the output protection unit is connected to the electrical equipment; the output of the switching power supply unit is connected to the power control management unit, and the power control management unit is electrically connected to the main control module, the switching conversion unit, and the output protection unit respectively; the input of the switching conversion unit is connected to the compartment electrical control module, and the output is connected to the output protection unit.

[0009] The switching power supply unit is used to connect the mains power supply to the reverse power supply module to provide basic power for subsequent circuits; the power control and management module detects the switching power supply unit and regulates the power in the reverse power supply module; the output protection unit is used to protect subsequent circuits and prevent damage to them.

[0010] Furthermore, the power control management unit includes an ADC detection circuit, an MCU microcontroller, a relay switching circuit, a first power conversion circuit, a second power conversion circuit, a MOSFET driving circuit, and an energy storage sustaining circuit. The electrical connection between the power control management unit and the output protection unit includes the electrical connection between the first power conversion circuit and the output protection unit. The input terminal of the ADC detection circuit is electrically connected to the switching power supply unit, and the output terminal is connected to the MCU microcontroller, used to convert the detected analog signals such as battery voltage and current into digital signals and transmit them to the MCU microcontroller. The output terminal of the MCU microcontroller is electrically connected to the control terminals of the MOSFET driving circuit and the relay switching circuit, respectively, used to generate control commands based on the received digital signals and drive the relay switching circuit and the MOSFET switching action. A set of normally closed contacts of the relay switching circuit are respectively connected to the switching power supply unit and the first power conversion circuit. The relay switching circuit is normally kept in a closed state, and when the MCU microcontroller detects an abnormal voltage or power failure signal, it controls it to open to switch the power supply mode.

[0011] As the "intelligent hub" of the battery reverse power supply module, the power control management unit collects the output voltage of the switching power supply unit in real time through the ADC detection circuit and converts it into a digital signal for transmission to the MCU. The MCU analyzes the data based on a preset algorithm and generates control commands. After level conversion, the MOSFET switches select the power supply battery pack and control the relay to switch between mains power and emergency power supply paths. At the same time, it transmits data bidirectionally with the main control module through the 485 communication module to receive remote commands and upload system status. Finally, through the "sensing-decision-execution-feedback" closed loop, it achieves precise power scheduling, ensuring that the battery swapping cabinet optimizes power distribution when the mains power is normal and quickly switches to emergency power supply when there is a power outage, ensuring the continuous operation of core functions.

[0012] Furthermore, an energy storage and maintenance circuit is provided in parallel on the power supply connection lines of the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit, and the energy storage and maintenance circuit includes several supercapacitors connected in parallel.

[0013] When the mains power fails, the parallel supercapacitor can provide short-term power supply to the MCU to reliably control the reverse power supply module, select a suitable battery for reverse power supply, ensure that the power supply to the equipment is not interrupted, and after the reverse power supply is effective, the MCU can be stably and continuously powered through the electrical connection between the output protection unit and the first power conversion circuit.

[0014] The total capacity of the supercapacitor is not less than 30F (farads), and it is used to provide continuous power supply for at least 10 seconds when the main power supply is interrupted.

[0015] The energy storage sustainment unit uses at least two supercapacitors, primarily based on considerations of circuit reliability and energy supply stability: multiple supercapacitors connected in parallel can increase the total energy storage capacity through capacity aggregation, ensuring sufficient continuous power supply to critical circuits of the system for a sufficient duration when the main power supply is interrupted, and meeting the energy demand during reverse power supply switching; at the same time, the parallel structure can achieve current diversion, reduce the load pressure on individual capacitors, reduce the risk of energy storage function failure due to single capacitor failure, improve the stability of unit operation, and when one capacitor experiences performance degradation, the remaining capacitors can still maintain basic energy storage capacity, ensuring normal system response during the transition phase.

[0016] Furthermore, the switching conversion unit includes a MOSFET switch and a reverse-current protection diode connected in series with each compartment's electronic control module (i.e., corresponding to each rechargeable battery); the output of the reverse-current protection diode is connected to the power input terminal of the power brick (i.e., the power conversion module, also known as the power adapter); the power control management unit includes a third power conversion circuit electrically connected to the MCU. This circuit dynamically adjusts its operating state by receiving the enable control signal output by the MCU, specifically realizing the timing control of the DC-DC conversion process of the input voltage and the adjustment of the output voltage threshold, ensuring a rapid response and switching to battery power mode when the mains power is interrupted. The electrical connection between the power control management unit and the switching conversion unit includes the enable connection between the third power conversion circuit and the power brick, and the electrical connection between the MOSFET switch and the MOSFET drive circuit, used to control the connection and disconnection of the MOSFET switch.

[0017] The output protection unit uses a series structure of "battery input terminal → MOSFET switching element → anti-reverse current diode" to control and protect the battery paths of each charging compartment: the battery input terminal is connected to the battery pack, and the MOSFET switch of each branch is controlled by the power management and control unit to turn the corresponding path on and off, preventing the higher voltage battery from back-feeding power to the lower voltage battery. The three work together to ensure accurate scheduling of the battery pack power supply and avoid the risk of backflow through unidirectional conduction characteristics, thereby improving system safety.

[0018] Furthermore, the compartment electrical control module and the compartment charging module are placed inside the charging compartment or centrally placed inside the intelligent battery swapping cabinet.

[0019] There are two options for the installation location of the battery compartment electrical control module and the battery compartment charging module: they can be placed separately inside each charging compartment, or they can be centrally installed in the smart battery swapping cabinet. Both methods can meet the installation and operation requirements of the modules.

[0020] Furthermore, the intelligent battery swapping cabinet includes at least two parallel cabinets with a standardized splicing structure. The main control module and the reverse power supply module are independently set or set in one cabinet and are electrically connected to the compartment power control module of each cabinet.

[0021] In this application, the standard splicing includes a mechanical connection interface and an electrical connection interface; wherein, the mechanical connection interface is configured to physically fix each battery swapping unit, and the electrical connection interface is configured to realize power transmission, signal communication and data interaction between each battery swapping unit; through the standard interface, the system can freely add, remove and expand battery swapping units as needed without affecting the normal operation of the connected battery swapping units.

[0022] Furthermore, the intelligent battery swapping cabinet includes at least two parallel cabinets. The main control module and the reverse power supply module are independently set or set in one cabinet and connected to the electrical interface of at least one cabinet. Standard electrical interfaces are set between adjacent cabinets for interconnection. The standard electrical interfaces include at least the power supply connection for each compartment charging module and the signal and output connection interface for each compartment electrical control module, which facilitates cabinet expansion and electrical connection operation.

[0023] The standard electrical interface is the core guarantee for flexible expansion: its power supply interface adopts a unified voltage standard, ensuring that the charging modules of newly added cabinets can directly obtain power from the existing power supply network; the signal interface is compatible with the RS485 bus protocol, enabling the battery control modules of newly added cabinets to seamlessly connect to the communication link of the main control system, upload battery status data in real time, and receive control commands. When expansion is needed, simply connect and fix the mechanical structure of the new cabinet to the original cabinet, and complete the electrical connection between adjacent cabinets through the standard electrical interface to expand the system capacity. The expansion process does not affect the normal operation of the original cabinet, greatly reducing the difficulty and cost of modification in different scenarios and meeting the dynamic adjustment of diverse battery swapping needs.

[0024] In an emergency situation where the main power supply to the equipment is interrupted, the system automatically enters the minimum guaranteed power supply mode: when only one usable battery remains in the bay, the system will lock the rental operation; if the user initiates a battery swap request at this time, the main control module first reads the real-time voltage data of the battery through the RS485 bus and compares it with the preset minimum rental threshold. If the conditions are met, the user is guided to return the battery to be swapped. After the new battery enters the bay and completes the status verification, the main control module compares the voltages of the two batteries in real time, selects the one with the higher voltage as the output candidate, and verifies again whether the rental threshold is reached. If the conditions are met, the unlocking mechanism is triggered to complete the battery output and update the inventory status; if the voltage of the only battery initially detected is lower than the threshold, the system will push an alarm message through the human-machine interface and link the navigation module to recommend adjacent available stations. This control logic, through multiple status checks and threshold judgments, ensures that battery resources prioritize system operation and maximize the user's battery swap success rate in the event of a power outage.

[0025] Furthermore, each charging compartment of the smart battery swapping cabinet is equipped with a battery power indicator light, which is located on the outer surface of the corresponding charging compartment or centrally located on the control panel of the smart battery swapping cabinet.

[0026] The battery power indicator may include a conventional battery power or capacity indicator or a battery voltage indicator only.

[0027] The advantages and beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. When the mains power fails, the battery reverse power supply module enables uninterrupted power swapping, ensuring the continuous operation of core functions and solving the problem of traditional battery swapping cabinets stopping immediately when power is lost.

[0028] 2. Supports expansion to 64 charging compartment nodes, allowing for flexible addition or removal of charging compartments to adapt to diverse scenarios, while avoiding signal interference and improving data transmission stability.

[0029] 3. The output protection unit precisely controls the battery path and prevents reverse current through MOSFET switches and anti-reverse current diodes, while the supercapacitor ensures smooth power supply switching and improves system safety and reliability.

[0030] 4. The charging case indicator light visually displays the battery status. In the event of a power outage, a threshold check guides the user to swap batteries, optimizing the user experience and improving the success rate of battery swapping. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the back of the multi-compartment power supply device for electric vehicles; Figure 2 This is the electrical architecture diagram of the main control module; Figure 3 This is a detailed architecture diagram of the battery reverse power supply board; Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an IoT-based reverse power supply smart battery swapping cabinet, including a main control module and several cabinets. At least one of the cabinets is equipped with at least one battery reverse power supply module, and each cabinet is equipped with several charging compartments. Each charging compartment corresponds to a compartment control module and a compartment charging module. The input terminal of the battery reverse power supply module is electrically connected to all the compartment electrical control modules, and its output terminal is connected to each electrical device, including LED lighting and other devices that require power. The positive and negative terminals of the electric vehicle battery are both connected to the battery reverse power supply module. When the mains power is cut off, the battery with the highest voltage supplies power to the entire device through the battery reverse power supply module.

[0034] The input terminal of the battery reverse power supply module is electrically connected to all compartment electronic control modules, and its output terminal is connected to the main control module through a power supply brick. The input terminal of the compartment charging module is connected to the mains power, and the output terminal is connected to the rechargeable battery in the corresponding charging compartment; the compartment electronic control module is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery in the corresponding charging compartment. During system operation, the silo electrical control module periodically polls each battery to collect its real-time voltage value. After comparison and calculation, it selects the battery with the highest voltage and sends its identifier and parameters to the reverse power supply board via RS485 bus. When a main power interruption is detected, the reverse power supply board triggers the MOS switch of the corresponding battery to turn on based on the latest voltage data received before the power outage, connecting the battery to the power supply circuit to provide emergency power to the system. When the battery with the highest voltage discharges to the minimum threshold, the silo electrical control module then selects the battery with the highest voltage to provide reverse power.

[0035] The RS485 bus cascade structure includes an automatic address allocation module and a signal repeater, supporting an expansion connection of up to 64 nodes.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the main control module establishes communication links with the bay electronic control module and the battery reverse power supply board respectively through two independent cascaded RS485 bus structures. This achieves physical isolation of functional domains, allowing the bay electronic control module responsible for battery status acquisition and charging management to belong to different communication links with the battery reverse power supply board responsible for reverse power supply control. This effectively avoids signal interference between status monitoring data and control commands, improving the accuracy of data transmission. Simultaneously, it meets differentiated expansion needs; expanding the number of bays only requires adding nodes to the battery management bus, while expanding the reverse power supply branch operates independently on the power supply control bus. The expansion of both does not affect each other, maintaining the flexibility of the system architecture. Furthermore, this design improves system reliability, ensuring that critical control commands (such as reverse power supply switching signals during power outages) have dedicated transmission channels, guaranteeing low-latency transmission even when battery monitoring data traffic surges, meeting the high reliability requirements of power electronic equipment for safety control.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the battery reverse power supply module includes a switching power supply unit M1, a power control management unit M2, a switching conversion unit M3, and an output protection unit; the output of the output protection unit is connected to the electrical equipment; the output of the switching power supply unit M1 is connected to the power control management unit M2, and the power control management unit M2 is electrically connected to the main control module, the switching conversion unit M3, and the output protection unit respectively; the input of the switching conversion unit is connected to the compartment electrical control module, and the output is connected to the output protection unit.

[0038] In this embodiment, the output of the switching power supply unit is a converted 12V DC power supply; Preferred, such as Figure 3As shown, the power control management unit M2 includes an ADC detection circuit, an MCU microcontroller, a relay switch circuit, a first power conversion circuit, a second power conversion circuit, a MOSFET drive circuit, and an energy storage and maintenance circuit. The input terminal of the ADC detection circuit is electrically connected to the switching power supply unit M1, and its output terminal is connected to the MCU microcontroller. It converts detected analog signals such as battery voltage and current into digital signals and transmits them to the MCU microcontroller. The output terminal of the MCU microcontroller is electrically connected to the control terminals of the MOSFET drive circuit and the relay switch circuit, respectively. It generates control commands based on the received digital signals and drives the relay switch circuit to operate. A set of normally closed contacts of the relay switch circuit is connected to the switching power supply unit M1 and the first power conversion circuit. When the MCU microcontroller detects an abnormal voltage or power failure signal, it controls the relay switch circuit to disconnect to switch the power supply mode.

[0039] Preferably, the second power conversion circuit is connected to the stage following the first power conversion circuit, and an energy storage and maintenance circuit is provided in parallel on the power supply connection lines of the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit. The energy storage and maintenance circuit includes several supercapacitors connected in parallel.

[0040] When the mains power fails, the parallel supercapacitor can provide short-term power supply to the MCU to reliably control the reverse power supply module, select a suitable battery for reverse power supply, ensure that the power supply to the equipment is not interrupted, and after the reverse power supply is effective, the MCU can be stably and continuously powered through the electrical connection between the output protection unit and the first power conversion circuit.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first power conversion circuit is responsible for converting 12V DC power to 5V DC power, while the second power conversion circuit is responsible for further converting the 5V DC power to 3.3V DC power. Through graded step-down and voltage regulation, both provide a stable and compatible working power supply for electronic components with different voltage requirements in the system, ensuring the efficiency of circuit cascade conversion and the accuracy of output voltage.

[0042] The total capacity of the supercapacitor is not less than 30F, and it is used to provide continuous power supply for at least 10 seconds when the main power supply is interrupted.

[0043] Preferably, in this embodiment, the switching conversion unit includes a MOSFET switch and a reverse-current protection diode respectively connected in series with each compartment's electrical control module; the output of the reverse-current protection diode is connected to the power input terminal (i.e., the 48V port) of the power brick (i.e., the power conversion module, also known as the power adapter; in this embodiment, a 48V to 12V DC, 50W finished package brick); the power control management unit includes a third power conversion circuit electrically connected to the MCU, and the electrical connection between the power control management unit and the switching conversion unit includes the enable connection between the third power conversion circuit and the power brick, and the electrical connection between the MOSFET switch and the MOSFET drive circuit.

[0044] In this embodiment, the electrical load includes at least one of a control system, a warehouse electrical control module, and an energy storage maintenance unit.

[0045] Preferably, the compartment electrical control module and the compartment charging module are placed inside the charging compartment or centrally placed inside the intelligent battery swapping cabinet.

[0046] Preferably, the intelligent battery swapping cabinet includes at least two cabinets arranged side by side using a standardized splicing structure. The main control module and the reverse power supply module are set independently or in one cabinet and are electrically connected to the compartment power control module of each cabinet.

[0047] In this embodiment, the standard interface includes a mechanical connection interface and an electrical connection interface; wherein, the mechanical connection interface is configured to physically fix each battery swapping unit, and the electrical connection interface is configured to realize power transmission, signal communication and data interaction between each battery swapping unit; through the standard interface, the system can freely add, remove and expand battery swapping units as needed without affecting the normal operation of the connected battery swapping units.

[0048] In an emergency situation where the main power supply to the equipment is interrupted, the system automatically enters the minimum guaranteed power supply mode: when only one usable battery remains in the bay, the system will lock the rental operation; if the user initiates a battery swap request at this time, the main control module first reads the real-time voltage data of the battery through the RS485 bus and compares it with the preset minimum rental threshold. If the conditions are met, the user is guided to return the battery to be swapped. After the new battery enters the bay and completes the status verification, the main control module compares the voltages of the two batteries in real time, selects the one with the higher voltage as the output candidate, and verifies again whether the rental threshold is reached. If the conditions are met, the unlocking mechanism is triggered to complete the battery output and update the inventory status; if the voltage of the only battery initially detected is lower than the threshold, the system will push an alarm message through the human-machine interface and link the navigation module to recommend adjacent available stations. This control logic, through multiple status checks and threshold judgments, ensures that battery resources prioritize system operation and maximize the user's battery swap success rate in the event of a power outage.

[0049] Preferably, each charging compartment of the smart battery swapping cabinet is equipped with a battery power indicator light. The indicator light is located on the outer surface of the corresponding charging compartment or is centrally located on the control panel of the smart battery swapping cabinet. The battery power indicator includes traditional battery power or capacity indicators.

[0050] In this embodiment, the indicator light circuit on the outside of each charging compartment includes four indicator lights, which are electrically connected to the compartment's electronic control module. The module controls the on / off state of these four indicator lights based on the detected battery level information inside the charging compartment, thus visually displaying the battery level. For example, all four lights are on when the battery is fully charged, three lights are on when the battery level drops to around 75%, two lights are on when the battery level is around 50%, and one light is on when the battery level is around 25%. By varying the number of lights illuminated, users can quickly understand the remaining battery level.

Claims

1. A reverse-powered intelligent battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things, the intelligent battery swapping cabinet comprising a main control module and several cabinets, characterized in that, At least one of the cabinets is equipped with at least one battery reverse power supply module, and each cabinet is equipped with several charging compartments, each charging compartment corresponding to a compartment electronic control module and a compartment charging module. The input terminal of the battery reverse power supply module is electrically connected to all the compartment electrical control modules, and its output terminal is connected to each electrical device. The input terminal of the compartment charging module is connected to the mains power, and the output terminal is connected to the rechargeable battery in the corresponding charging compartment. The compartment electrical control module is electrically connected to the charging battery in the corresponding charging compartment. The main control module is connected to the warehouse electrical control module and the reverse power supply module through several communication modules; The battery reverse power supply module includes a switching power supply unit, a power control management unit, a switching conversion unit, and an output protection unit; the output terminal of the output protection unit is connected to the electrical equipment; the output terminal of the switching power supply unit is connected to the power control management unit, and the power control management unit is electrically connected to the main control module, the switching conversion unit, and the output protection unit respectively; the input of the switching conversion unit is connected to the compartment electrical control module, and the output terminal is connected to the output protection unit.

2. The IoT-based reverse power supply smart battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power control and management unit includes an ADC detection circuit, an MCU microcontroller, a relay switching circuit, a first power conversion circuit, a second power conversion circuit, a MOSFET driving circuit, and an energy storage and maintenance circuit. The electrical connection between the power control and management unit and the output protection unit includes the electrical connection between the first power conversion circuit and the output protection unit. The input terminal of the ADC detection circuit is electrically connected to the switching power supply unit, and the output terminal is connected to the MCU microcontroller. The output terminal of the MCU microcontroller is electrically connected to the control terminals of the MOSFET driving circuit and the relay switching circuit, respectively. A set of normally closed contacts of the relay switching circuit is electrically connected to the switching power supply unit and the first power conversion circuit, respectively.

3. The IoT-based reverse power supply intelligent battery swapping cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that, An energy storage and maintenance circuit is connected in parallel to the power supply connection lines of the first power conversion circuit and the second power conversion circuit. The energy storage and maintenance circuit includes several supercapacitors connected in parallel.

4. The IoT-based reverse power supply intelligent battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit includes a MOSFET switching element and a reverse-feedback diode connected in series with each compartment's electrical control module; the outputs of the reverse-feedback diodes are all connected to the power input terminal of the power supply brick; the power control management unit includes a third power conversion circuit electrically connected to the MCU, and the electrical connection between the power control management unit and the switching unit includes the enable connection between the third power conversion circuit and the power supply brick, and the electrical connection between the MOSFET switching element and the MOSFET drive circuit.

5. A smart battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things with reverse power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The compartment electrical control module and compartment charging module are placed inside the charging compartment or centrally located inside the intelligent battery swapping cabinet.

6. A smart battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things with reverse power supply according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The intelligent battery swapping cabinet includes at least two cabinets connected side by side. The main control module and the reverse power supply module are set independently or in one cabinet and are electrically connected to the compartment power control module of each cabinet.

7. A smart battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things with reverse power supply according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The intelligent battery swapping cabinet includes at least two cabinets connected side by side. The main control module and the reverse power supply module are independently set or set in one cabinet and connected to the electrical interface of at least one cabinet. Standard electrical interfaces are set between adjacent cabinets to connect to each other. The standard electrical interfaces include at least the power supply connection for each compartment charging module and the signal and output connection interface for each compartment electrical control module.

8. A smart battery swapping cabinet based on the Internet of Things with reverse power supply according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Each charging compartment of the intelligent battery swapping cabinet is equipped with a battery power indicator light, which is located on the outer surface of the corresponding charging compartment or centrally located on the control panel of the intelligent battery swapping cabinet.

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