Railway ballast suction vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a railway bed suction vehicle, which comprises a working vehicle and a power vehicle connected through a connecting piece, the working vehicle comprises a working vehicle frame, a sweeping and sucking device, a separation and filtering device and a fan assembly, the sweeping and sucking device is installed at the bottom of the working vehicle frame, the separation and filtering device and the fan assembly are installed on the working vehicle frame, the sweeping and sucking device is connected with the separation and filtering device through a pipeline, and the separation and filtering device is connected with the fan assembly through a pipeline; the power vehicle comprises a power vehicle frame and a power transmission device, the power transmission device is installed on the power vehicle frame, provides power for the whole vehicle, drives the whole vehicle to walk and provides necessary power for each working unit. The railway bed suction vehicle can replace the current manual cleaning mode, can reduce the number of working personnel, can reduce the labor intensity of personnel, can improve the working efficiency and can improve the working safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail transit facility maintenance technology, specifically to a railway track bed vacuum truck. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its reliability and large carrying capacity, rail transit is not only used for people's travel, but also for freight transportation, such as coal, which is mainly transported by rail transit.

[0003] Currently, the coal trains used on domestic railway coal transport lines all have open roof structures. When these trains enter or exit tunnels, and when vehicles pass each other within tunnels, the resulting airflow turbulence can blow coal dust and some coal chunks out of the carriages and scatter them on the track surface inside the tunnel. The coal dust kicked up by the passing train can seriously affect the train driver's visibility. When the coal dust and coal chunks accumulate to a thick layer, they can bury the rails, sleepers, track spikes, fasteners, and electrical equipment, making maintenance impossible and endangering the train's operational safety.

[0004] Currently, domestically produced mechanical devices for collecting loose coal dust and lumps have a narrow range of applications, only suitable for specific lines and not applicable to various types of tracks. Furthermore, these devices involve long train formations, complex operating mechanisms, and require a large number of operators. Therefore, there is a need to design and develop a high-efficiency, highly effective railway track bed vacuum truck suitable for all tracks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address one of the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this application provides a railway track bed vacuum truck, which is suitable for cleaning and sweeping various types of tracks.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a railway track bed vacuum truck is provided, comprising a working vehicle and a power vehicle connected by a connector. The working vehicle includes a working frame, a sweeping and suction device, a separation and filtration device, and a fan assembly. The sweeping and suction device is detachable and installed at the bottom of the working frame, while the separation and filtration device and the fan assembly are installed on the working frame. The sweeping and suction device is connected to the separation and filtration device via a pipe, and the separation and filtration device is connected to the fan assembly via a pipe. The power vehicle includes a power frame and a power transmission device, which is installed on the power frame and provides power to the entire vehicle, driving the entire vehicle and providing the necessary power to each working unit.

[0007] The railway track bed vacuum truck provided in this application embodiment has a sweeping and suction device that can move, extend, or retract within its working plane as needed. Compared to a fixed-size sweeping and suction device, the cross-sectional dimensions of its cleaning range can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Therefore, in the current cleaning work of various track specifications, it can replace the current manual cleaning method, reducing the number of workers, lowering labor intensity, improving work efficiency, and enhancing work safety. When applied to the cleaning of coal transportation lines, the collected coal dust and other pollutants can be transported to the material car via a conveyor belt, eliminating the need for secondary treatment of the collected pollutants and improving the efficiency of coal dust cleaning operations. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the railway track bed vacuum truck provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0010] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sweeping and suction device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0011] Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of the sweeping and suction device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0012] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sweeping and suction component separation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0013] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sweeping and suction assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0014] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction hood provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0015] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swinging straw provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0016] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the separation and filtration device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure label:

[0018] 1-Work vehicle; 11-Work vehicle frame; 12-Rear driver's cab; 13-Sweeping and suction device; 131-Sweeping and suction assembly; 1311-Sweeping and suction assembly frame; 1312-Roller brush; 1313-Suction hood; 1314-Bearing seat; 1315-Roller brush drive device; 1316-Suction hood drive component; 1317-Suction hood swing shaft; 1318-Suction hood swing shaft connector; 132-Sweeping and suction assembly separation device; 1321-Fixed beam; 1322-Moving beam; 1323 1324-Moving cylinder; 1325-Fixed base; 1326-Lifting column; 1327-Lifting cylinder; 133-Swing suction pipe; 1331-Spherical connector; 1332-Swing suction pipe drive device; 1333-Swing suction pipe valve; 1334-Swing rigid pipe; 1335-Swing flexible hose; 14-Separation and filtration device; 141-Gravity settling chamber; 142-Cyclone settling chamber; 143-Fine filtration chamber; 144-Unloader; 15-Fan assembly; 16-Material conveying device;

[0019] 2-Power vehicle; 21-Power vehicle frame; 22-Front driver's cab; 23-Power transmission device; 24-Hydraulic device; 25-Electrical system;

[0020] 3-Bogie. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0022] In the process of developing this application, the inventors discovered that in the current cleaning work of coal transportation lines, the domestic mechanical devices for collecting scattered coal dust and coal lumps have a narrow scope of application, are only applicable to specific lines, cannot be used on various types of tracks, and have long train formations, complex operating mechanisms, and require many operators, resulting in low work efficiency.

[0023] In this embodiment of the application, the length direction of the railway track vacuum truck, which is also the direction of track extension, is called the longitudinal direction, the width direction is called the transverse direction, the height direction is called the vertical direction, the direction towards the running direction of the railway track vacuum truck is called the front, and the direction towards the opposite running direction of the railway track vacuum truck is called the rear.

[0024] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a railway track bed vacuum truck, specifically illustrated in its application on a coal transport line.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the railway track bed vacuum truck provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 1The railway track bed vacuum truck shown includes a working vehicle 1 and a power vehicle 2, with the power vehicle 2 in front and the working vehicle 1 behind. The rear end of the power vehicle 2 is connected to the front end of the working vehicle 1 via a connector. The power vehicle 2 includes a power frame 21 and a power transmission device 23, which is mounted on the power frame 21. The power transmission device 23 includes an engine, a flexible coupling, a transfer case, a clutch, a drive shaft, various hydraulic pumps, and related accessories. The engine provides speed and torque output to the power transmission system, which is distributed through the transfer case to increase output, adjust the transmission ratio, and then provide power to various working mechanisms and drive wheels as needed.

[0026] The work vehicle 1 includes a work frame 11, a sweeping and suction device 13, a separation and filtration device 14, and a fan assembly 15. The sweeping and suction device 13 is installed at the bottom of the work frame 11, while the separation and filtration device 14 and the fan assembly 15 are mounted on the work frame 11. The sweeping and suction device 13 is connected to the separation and filtration device 14 via a pipe, and the separation and filtration device 14 is connected to the fan assembly 15 via a pipe. During operation, the work vehicle 1 follows the power vehicle 2. The sweeping and suction device 13 sweeps up the ballast on the track and sucks it into the separation and filtration device 14. In the separation and filtration device 14, the ballast entering with the airflow is settled and filtered, and finally, clean air is directly discharged. The collected ballast is recycled after the cleaning work is completed. The fan assembly 15 provides negative pressure for the sweeping and suction device 13 and the separation and filtration device 14. The sweeping and suction device 13 can move on its working plane, extending outwards or retracting inwards. Regardless of the type of track it is applied to, the sweeping and suction device 13 can be delivered to the area requiring cleaning, thus exhibiting high versatility. The entire set of equipment can complete the cleaning work fully or semi-automatically, which can replace the current operation method that is mainly manual cleaning, reduce the number of operators, reduce the labor intensity of personnel, improve operation efficiency, and improve operation safety.

[0027] This application provides a specific implementation of the sweeping and suction device 13. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sweeping and suction device provided in this application. Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of the sweeping and suction device provided in an embodiment of this application. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the sweeping and suction device 13 is a detachable sweeping and suction device, specifically including two sets of sweeping and suction assemblies 131, two sets of sweeping and suction assembly separation devices 132, and two swing suction pipes 133. Each sweeping and suction assembly 131 includes a sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311, a roller brush 1312 mounted on the frame 1311, and a suction hood. The roller brush 1312 is used to sweep up particulate and dusty pollutants from the railway track bed surface, and the suction hood sucks them into the interior of the sweeping and suction assembly 131. The two sets of sweeping and suction assemblies 131 are respectively connected to the sweeping and suction assembly separation devices 132. The sweeping and suction assembly separation devices 132 can drive the sweeping and suction assemblies 131 to separate from each other within their working plane (e.g., ...). Figure 3 ) or move closer (such as Figure 2 When the sweeping and suction assembly separation device 132 drives the sweeping and suction assembly 131 to move outward, the cleaning cross-section can be expanded; conversely, the cleaning cross-section can be reduced. One end of the swinging suction pipe 133 is connected to the suction hood of the sweeping and suction assembly 131, and the other end is connected to the separation and filtration device 14. The airflow and dirt absorbed by the sweeping and suction assembly 131 enter the separation and filtration device 14 through the swinging suction pipe 133 for further processing. The swinging suction pipe 133 can follow the sweeping and suction assembly 131 to separate or move closer to each other in its working plane and swing.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sweeping and suction component separation device provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the sweeping and suction assembly separation device 132 further includes a lateral moving assembly, which includes a fixed beam 1321, a moving beam 1322, and a moving cylinder 1323. The fixed beam 1321 is arranged laterally and fixed to the bottom of the work vehicle frame 11. The fixed beam 1321 is a hollow structure. The moving beam 1322 is nested in the fixed beam 1321. The moving cylinder 1323 is mounted on the moving beam 1322 and can drive the moving beam 1322 to slide in or out of the fixed beam 1321. The lateral moving assembly is used to adjust the size of the sweeping cross-section of the sweeping and suction assembly 131 to meet the needs of different gauge rails.

[0029] Furthermore, the sweeping and suction assembly separation device 132 also includes a lifting assembly, which comprises a hollow fixed base 1324, a lifting column 1325, and a lifting cylinder 1326. The fixed base 1324 is vertically fixed to the moving beam 1322, the lifting column 1325 is nested within the fixed base 1324, and the lifting cylinder 1326 is mounted on the lifting column 1325 and can drive the lifting column 1325 to slide up and down within the fixed base 1324. The sweeping and suction assembly 131 is fixed to the bottom end of the lifting column 1325. The lifting assembly is used to adjust the height of the sweeping and suction assembly 131. When not in operation, it is raised to protect the device, and when in operation, it is lowered to the working plane for easy operation. The moving cylinder 1323 and the lifting cylinder 1326 can be replaced by mechanical components with similar functions, such as cylinders, gear racks, worm gears, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sweeping and suction assembly provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a specific implementation of a sweeping and suction assembly 131. Its sweeping component is a roller brush 1312, of which there are two sets, rotatably mounted on the sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311. The two sets of roller brushes 1312 are arranged parallel to each other. The suction component is a suction hood 1313, installed between the two sets of roller brushes 1312. The lower end of the suction hood 1313 is the suction opening, and the upper end passes through the sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311 and connects to the swing suction pipe 133. Each roller brush 1312 has a rotating shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311 via a bearing seat 1314. A roller brush drive device 1315 is mounted on the roller brush rotating shaft outside the bearing seat 1314. In some specific embodiments, the roller brush drive device 1315 is a drive motor. During operation, the roller brush drive device 1315 drives two sets of roller brushes 1312 to rotate, raising the sludge and sucking it into the swing suction pipe 133 through the suction hood 1313.

[0031] Furthermore, the suction hood 1313 adopts a double-layer structure consisting of an inner and an outer opening. That is, a certain width gap is provided between the inner and outer openings of the suction hood 1313. This gap allows for supplemental airflow to the suction hood, preventing coal dust and other pollutants from accumulating and clogging the openings, thus affecting suction efficiency. A guide plate is installed below the suction hood opening. The central plane of the suction hood 1313 is at a certain angle to the vertical direction, making it easier for coal dust swept by the roller brush to enter the suction hood.

[0032] To further improve work efficiency, in some preferred embodiments, a swingable suction hood 1313 is adopted. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction hood provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, the suction hood 1313 is equipped with a suction hood swinging device that propels the suction hood 1313 to swing between two sets of roller brushes 1312. The suction hood swinging device includes a suction hood driving component 1316, a suction hood swing shaft 1317, and a suction hood swing shaft connector 1318. The suction hood swing shaft connector 1318 is fixed to the outer wall of the suction hood 1313. One end of the suction hood swing shaft 1317 is rotatably connected to the suction hood swing shaft connector 1318 via a bearing. The other end of the suction hood swing shaft 1317 is connected to the suction hood driving component 1316. The suction hood driving component 1316 is fixed on the sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311 and can drive the suction hood swing shaft 1317 to rotate. In some specific embodiments, the suction hood driving component 1316 is a hydraulic cylinder. In other specific embodiments, a pneumatic cylinder is used. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder is fixed on the sweeping and suction assembly frame 1311, and one end of the piston is rotatably connected to the suction hood swing shaft 1317. The extension and retraction of the piston drives the suction hood swing shaft 1317 to rotate, and the rotation of the suction hood swing shaft 1317 can push the suction hood 1313 to swing back and forth. When the railway track bed vacuum car equipped with the sweeping and suction device provided in this embodiment of the application is running back and forth, the suction hood drive component 1316 drives the suction hood swing shaft 1317 to drive the suction hood 1313 to swing back and forth, so that its opening always faces the roller brush 1312 which is forward relative to the running direction. No matter which direction the railway track bed vacuum car is operating, maximum vacuuming efficiency can be guaranteed.

[0033] Furthermore, there are two sets of oscillating devices for the suction hood, symmetrically installed on both sides of the suction hood 1313. This symmetrical arrangement helps to ensure the balance and stability of the suction hood's oscillation.

[0034] This application also provides a specific implementation method for the swinging straw 133. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swinging straw provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7As shown, the oscillating suction pipe 133 includes an oscillating flexible hose 1335 and an oscillating rigid tube 1334. One end of the oscillating flexible hose 1335 is connected to the suction component in the sweeping and suction assembly 131, and the other end of the oscillating flexible hose 1335 is connected to the front end of the oscillating rigid tube 1334. The rear end of the oscillating rigid tube 1334 is connected to subsequent equipment through a ball joint 1331. The oscillating rigid tube 1334 is equipped with an oscillating suction pipe drive device 1332 that pushes the oscillating rigid tube 1334 to oscillate to both sides. The oscillating suction pipe drive device 1332 provides the power for the overall oscillation of the oscillating suction pipe 133, ensuring that the inlet section of the oscillating suction pipe 133 is always directly above the interface connecting it to the suction hood 1313, keeping the hose vertical and ensuring suction efficiency. The use of a flexible hose in the lower section of the oscillating suction pipe 133 can compensate for positional errors with the suction hood opening. In some specific embodiments, the swing suction pipe drive device 1332 is a swing pipe cylinder. The cylinder body of the swing pipe cylinder is fixed on a fixed device (the fixed device can be a frame or the outer wall of a subsequent processing device, etc., a structure that does not move relative to the frame). The piston of the swing pipe cylinder is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the swing rigid pipe 1334. The extension and retraction of the piston of the swing pipe cylinder drives the swing rigid pipe 1334 to swing around the ball joint 1331, which connects to the subsequent equipment.

[0035] Furthermore, the oscillating rigid tube 1334 is also equipped with an oscillating suction valve 1333. The oscillating suction valve 1333 can be used to open and close the oscillating suction. The oscillating suction valve 1333 can be used as the aforementioned downstream device.

[0036] This application provides a specific implementation of the separation and filtration device 14. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the separation and filtration device provided in this application is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the separation and filtration device 14 includes a gravity settling chamber 141, one end of which is connected to the oscillating suction tube 133, and its inner cavity size is larger than the inner diameter of the oscillating suction tube 133. Due to the instantaneous increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel, the airflow velocity decreases, and most of the material settles in the gravity settling chamber 14 under its own gravity, while the airflow is discharged or enters the next processing stage.

[0037] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the separation and filtration device 14 further includes a cyclone settling chamber 142, which is connected to a gravity settling chamber 141. Small materials that do not settle in the gravity settling chamber 141 enter the cyclone settling chamber 142 with the airflow, where they undergo secondary settling, further separating the air from the sludge.

[0038] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the separation and filtration device 14 further includes a fine filtration chamber 143. One end of the fine filtration chamber 143 is connected to the cyclone settling chamber 142 via a pipe, and the inner diameter of the fine filtration chamber 143 is larger than the inner diameter of the pipe connecting it to the cyclone settling chamber 142. The other end of the fine filtration chamber 143 is connected to the fan assembly 15. The fine filtration chamber is equipped with a filter element or filter screen. Fine particles that have not settled in the cyclone settling chamber 15 are intercepted by the filter screen or filter element and separated, ultimately achieving the separation of material and gas, and discharging clean air, which can be directly discharged.

[0039] In order to prevent secondary pollution of the railway track bed and to recycle the collected materials, the bottom of the gravity settling chamber 141, the cyclone settling chamber 142 and the fine filter chamber 143 are all equipped with unloading devices 144 for unloading the sediment.

[0040] Furthermore, at the bottom of the work vehicle frame 11, below the gravity settling chamber 141, the cyclone settling chamber 142 and the fine filter chamber 143, there is a conveying device 16 for transporting the unloaded sediment to the subsequent processing equipment, and the unloading port of the unloader 144 faces the conveying device 16.

[0041] The sludge separated in the gravity settling chamber 141, cyclone settling chamber 142 and fine filter chamber 143 settles to the bottom and is discharged through the unloader 144 onto the conveying device 16, which then transports it to the material cart for storage.

[0042] The structure of the railway track bed vacuum truck using the above-mentioned device is as follows: Figure 1 (A schematic diagram of the railway track bed vacuum truck provided in this embodiment of the application) shows that the sweeping and suction device 13 is installed at the bottom front end of the working frame 11. The gravity settling chamber 141, the cyclone settling chamber 142, and the fine filter chamber 143 are located in the upper middle section of the working frame 11. A rear driver's cab 12 is also provided in the upper rear end of the working frame 11. The blower assembly 15 is located between the fine filter chamber 143 and the rear driver's cab 12. The rear driver's cab 12 can be used by operators to operate the equipment.

[0043] Furthermore, the power unit 2 also includes a front driver's cab 22, an electrical system 25, and a hydraulic system 24. These components are sequentially mounted on the upper part of the power unit frame 11 from front to back. The electrical system 25 primarily controls engine start / stop, overall vehicle power configuration, lighting, unloading system control, conveyor belt and throwing belt control, and auxiliary equipment. The hydraulic system 24 includes a motor drive circuit, an unloader and fan cooling system circuit, an independent oil cooling circuit, a radiator, an air compressor and water pump motor drive circuit, and an emergency drive circuit. The independent oil cooling circuit maintains a constant working oil temperature. The emergency drive circuit, integrated into the hydraulic system, is used to retract the working device in case of a main unit failure. The hydraulic oil tank is equipped with a suction filter and a return filter with contamination indicators to ensure hydraulic oil cleanliness. All hydraulic pumps are protected by safety valves to prevent excessive pressure. High-precision control valves are used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the hydraulic system's operation.

[0044] As shown in the figure, the railway track slab vacuum truck in this embodiment adopts a six-axle layout with three bogies, each bogie having two axles. The rear end of the power car 2 is connected to the front end of the work vehicle 1 via a connector. A bogie 3 is located at the bottom of the front end of the power car frame 21, and a bogie 3 is located at both the front and rear ends of the work vehicle 1. This layout minimizes the use of bogies while ensuring the balance and stability of the work vehicle carrying numerous pieces of equipment, thus guaranteeing operational effectiveness.

[0045] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0049] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A railway track bed vacuum truck, characterized in that, include: The work vehicle (1) includes a work vehicle frame (11), a sweeping and suction device (13), a separation and filtration device (14), and a fan assembly (15). The sweeping and suction device (13) is installed at the bottom of the work vehicle frame (11), and the separation and filtration device (14) and the fan assembly (15) are installed on the work vehicle frame (11). The sweeping and suction device (13) is connected to the separation and filtration device (14) through a pipe, and the separation and filtration device (14) is connected to the fan assembly (15) through a pipe. The power vehicle (2) includes a power frame (21) and a power transmission device (23), which is mounted on the power frame (21) and provides power to the whole vehicle; The work vehicle (1) and the power vehicle (2) are connected together by a connector.

2. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sweeping and suction device (13) includes at least two sets of sweeping and suction components (131), a sweeping and suction component separation device (132), and a swinging suction tube (133). The sweeping and suction assembly (131) includes a sweeping and suction assembly frame (1311), a roller brush (1312) mounted on the sweeping and suction assembly frame (1311), and a suction hood. The roller brush (1312) is used to sweep up particulate and dusty pollutants on the surface of the railway track bed, and the suction hood sucks them into the interior of the sweeping and suction assembly (131). Two sets of sweeping and suction components (131) are respectively connected to the sweeping and suction component separation device (132), which can drive the sweeping and suction components (131) to separate or come together in its working plane; One end of the swing suction tube (133) is connected to the suction hood of the sweeping suction assembly (131), and the other end is connected to the separation filter device (14).

3. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sweeping and suction assembly separation device (132) includes a transverse moving assembly, which includes a fixed beam (1321), a moving beam (1322), and a moving cylinder (1323). The fixed beam (1321) is arranged transversely and fixed to the bottom of the work vehicle frame (11). The fixed beam (1321) is a hollow structure. The moving beam (1322) is nested in the fixed beam (1321). The moving cylinder (1323) is installed on the moving beam (1322) and can drive the moving beam (1322) to slide in or out of the fixed beam (1321).

4. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sweeping and suction assembly separation device (132) also includes a lifting assembly, which includes a hollow fixed base (1324), a lifting column (1325), and a lifting cylinder (1326). The fixed base (1324) is vertically fixed on the moving beam (1322), the lifting column (1325) is nested in the fixed base (1324), the lifting cylinder (1326) is installed on the lifting column (1325) and can drive the lifting column (1325) to slide up and down in the fixed base (1324), and the sweeping and suction assembly (131) is fixed at the bottom end of the lifting column (1325).

5. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The separation and filtration device (14) includes a gravity settling chamber (141), a cyclone settling chamber (142), and a fine filtration chamber (143). One end of the gravity settling chamber (141) is connected to the swinging suction tube (133), and its inner cavity size is larger than the inner diameter of the swinging suction tube (133); The cyclone settling chamber (142) is connected to the gravity settling chamber (141); One end of the fine filter chamber (143) is connected to the cyclone settling chamber (142) through a pipe, and the inner cavity size of the fine filter chamber (143) is larger than the inner diameter of the pipe connecting it to the cyclone settling chamber (142). The other end of the fine filter chamber (143) is connected to the fan assembly (15).

6. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the gravity settling chamber (141), the cyclone settling chamber (142) and the fine filtration chamber (143) are all provided with unloading devices (144) for unloading the sediment.

7. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the work vehicle frame (11) is provided with a conveying device (16) for conveying the unloaded sediment to the subsequent processing equipment. The conveying device (16) is located below the gravity settling chamber (141), the cyclone settling chamber (142) and the fine filter chamber (143). The unloading port of the unloader (144) faces the conveying device (16).

8. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sweeping and suction device (13) is installed at the bottom front end of the work vehicle frame (11). The gravity settling chamber (141), cyclone settling chamber (142) and fine filter chamber (143) are located in the upper middle section of the work vehicle frame (11). The upper rear end of the work vehicle frame (11) is also provided with a rear driver's cab (12). The fan assembly (15) is located between the fine filter chamber (143) and the rear driver's cab (12).

9. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power vehicle (2) also includes a front driver's cab (22), an electrical system (25) and a hydraulic device (24), which are installed in sequence from front to back on the upper part of the power vehicle frame (21).

10. The railway track bed vacuum truck according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rear end of the power vehicle (2) is connected to the front end of the work vehicle (1) by a connector. A bogie (3) is provided at the bottom of the front end of the power vehicle frame (21). A bogie (3) is provided at the front end and the rear end of the work vehicle (1).

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