Sponge city infiltration and drainage structure

Abstract

The utility model belongs to sponge city technical field, specifically disclose a kind of sponge city infiltration and drainage structure, including vegetation layer, water storage layer, planting soil layer and gravel layer from top to bottom are sequentially arranged, still include drainage unit, the drainage unit includes drain pipe and overflow well, the overflow well is arranged in water storage layer and planting soil layer, and the top of overflow well is located in the upper portion of water storage layer, one end of drain pipe is communicated with the lower portion of overflow well, another end of drain pipe is connected to city rainwater pipe network;Multiple groups of water-permeable holes are formed in the axial direction of drain pipe. The utility model can discharge the rainwater of water-permeable pavement, avoid to appear ponding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sponge city technology, specifically to a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the area occupied by paved roads and buildings is constantly increasing, and the permeability of urban surfaces is greatly reduced, leading to an increase in the rainwater runoff coefficient and making urban flooding more likely. At the same time, rainwater cannot effectively infiltrate and replenish groundwater, causing the groundwater level to drop, and pollutants carried by surface runoff are directly discharged, which will pollute the water environment.

[0003] Currently, existing sponge city infiltration and drainage technologies mostly employ single permeable pavements or water storage tanks, which suffer from limited functionality. For example, simple permeable pavements only allow rainwater infiltration, failing to purify or discharge it. Furthermore, the infiltration rate is insufficient during heavy rain, leading to waterlogging. While water storage tanks can store rainwater, they require significant additional space, and if collected rainwater is not treated promptly, it is prone to bacterial growth, making it difficult to utilize directly. In addition, the lack of effective coordination between the functional modules of existing infiltration and drainage structures results in low rainwater management efficiency, failing to fully meet the comprehensive needs of "infiltration, retention, storage, purification, utilization, and drainage." Therefore, an integrated and efficient sponge city infiltration and drainage structure is urgently needed to address these technical shortcomings. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure, which aims to discharge rainwater from infiltrated pavements and prevent water accumulation.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure, comprising a vegetation layer, a water storage layer, a planting soil layer and a gravel layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and a drainage unit, wherein the drainage unit includes a drainage pipe and an overflow well, the overflow well is disposed within the water storage layer and the planting soil layer, and the top of the overflow well is located above the water storage layer, one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the lower part of the overflow well, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected to the urban rainwater pipe network; multiple sets of permeable holes are opened along the axial direction of the drainage pipe.

[0006] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages and beneficial effects: In this scheme, the vegetation layer directly receives rainwater, reducing surface runoff; rainwater that is not retained quickly infiltrates into the water storage layer, which forms a temporary water storage space based on its own space (the top connects with the vegetation layer, and the bottom transitions with the planting soil layer). Combined with the design that the top of the overflow well is located above the water storage layer, the water storage layer can be filled first before the overflow is activated, thereby increasing the total amount of rainwater retained in the area and effectively alleviating the pressure of urban flooding.

[0007] The overflow well connects the water storage layer and the planting soil layer. When the water level in the water storage layer reaches the top of the overflow well, rainwater can flow directly into the lower drainage pipe quickly through the overflow well, preventing water from accumulating in the water storage layer and overflowing into the vegetation layer. The multiple sets of permeable holes on the drainage pipe can actively absorb rainwater infiltrating from the planting soil layer and the gravel layer. The high porosity of the gravel layer accelerates rainwater drainage, while the permeable holes allow for multiple water inlets, improving the rainwater collection efficiency of the drainage pipe compared to non-permeable pipes. During heavy rain, excess rainwater can be quickly discharged into the urban pipe network, reducing the retention time of water between layers, thereby draining rainwater from infiltrated pavements and preventing water accumulation.

[0008] Compared to traditional multi-level structures (such as adding a separate infiltration purification layer), this design replaces the complex purification layer with a planting soil layer and a gravel layer. By utilizing the natural filtration properties of the planting soil and the permeability of the gravel layer, it ensures the initial purification of rainwater (filtering large particulate impurities) while reducing 2-3 construction steps and shortening the construction cycle. It also reduces the use of high-cost consumables such as activated carbon and special filter materials, thus lowering the overall construction cost.

[0009] The overflow well is located within the water storage layer and the planting soil layer, with its top positioned above the water storage layer. The thickness of the water storage layer can be adjusted according to the water storage needs of different areas (such as residential green spaces, urban parks, and road green belts), and the height of the overflow well can be adjusted accordingly. There is no need to modify the overall structural framework, making it suitable for various sponge city construction scenarios.

[0010] The permeable holes are opened along the axis of the drainage pipe. On the one hand, they can absorb rainwater that has not infiltrated in time in the planting soil layer and gravel layer, and prevent rainwater from stagnating between layers and causing soil compaction. On the other hand, the planting soil layer and gravel layer can perform preliminary filtration of rainwater, reducing impurities (such as mud, sand and plant roots) entering the permeable holes, reducing the risk of drainage pipe blockage. With the support of the gravel layer, the permeable holes can be prevented from being squeezed and deformed by the soil, ensuring long-term drainage efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, a permeable geotextile is provided between the planting soil layer and the gravel layer.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The permeable geotextile in this solution has a precise pore structure, which can effectively block fine soil particles in the planting soil layer from entering the underlying gravel layer, preventing fine soil from filling the gaps in the gravel layer and reducing its drainage capacity; at the same time, it can prevent fine soil from entering the permeable holes of the drainage pipe through the gravel layer, reducing the risk of permeable hole blockage from the source, ensuring the long-term drainage efficiency of the drainage pipe, and reducing the frequency of dredging and maintenance due to blockage.

[0013] Furthermore, each group of permeable holes is provided with multiple holes, and the multiple permeable holes are circumferentially distributed on the drain pipe.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The multiple permeable holes in each group of this scheme can improve drainage efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, each set of permeable holes is located on the upper half of the circumference of the drain pipe.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Rainwater infiltrates downwards along gravity within the planting soil and gravel layers, eventually forming a laterally flowing water accumulation zone at the top (near the permeable geotextile). The permeable holes are located on the upper half of the drainage pipe's circumference, directly connecting to this water accumulation zone to precisely capture the upper-layer rainwater flow. This avoids the reduced water collection efficiency caused by placing the holes in the lower layer (which is easily covered by fine soil and impurities deposited at the bottom of the gravel layer). In practical applications, opening the holes in the upper half of the circumference reduces the entry of impurities without the need for additional filtration.

[0017] The lower half of the drainage pipe directly bears the weight of the soil and gravel. Opening holes in this area weakens the local structural strength of the pipe, and long-term pressure can easily lead to orifice deformation and pipe rupture. Concentrating the permeable holes in the upper half (the area with less stress) maximizes the preservation of the integrity of the lower half of the pipe. Its ring stiffness (resistance to external pressure deformation) is 15%-20% higher than opening the entire circumference, better able to withstand external forces such as underground soil pressure and vehicle loads, and avoids structural failure caused by openings.

[0018] Furthermore, a one-way valve is installed at the end of the drainage pipe that is close to the urban stormwater pipe network.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The one-way valve can effectively prevent sewage backflow in urban stormwater pipe networks.

[0020] Furthermore, the drain pipe has a double-wall corrugated pipe structure.

[0021] Beneficial effects: Double-wall corrugated pipes are mostly made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene), which has high chemical stability and can withstand acidic and alkaline substances carried by rainwater and corrosive ions in the soil. They are also resistant to UV aging and will not degrade due to long-term immersion, even in damp underground environments. Compared to traditional concrete pipes (which are prone to corrosion leading to peeling and blockage of the inner wall), they do not require regular anti-corrosion treatment.

[0022] Furthermore, the overflow well is provided with an overflow hood at its top, and an overflow hood bearing seat is provided on the inner side of the top of the overflow well. One end of the overflow hood is hinged to the overflow hood bearing seat. The overflow hood includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and multiple ribs. The multiple ribs are distributed circumferentially along the top plate and the bottom plate. One end of each rib is connected to the top plate, and the other end of each rib is connected to the bottom plate.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The multiple ribs of the overflow hood, spaced circumferentially, directly intercept large particles of debris (such as fallen leaves, twigs, and pebbles) carried by rainwater, preventing them from entering the overflow well. The spaced ribs, while intercepting debris, also create sufficient gaps for rainwater flow, allowing rainwater to quickly flow into the overflow well without causing overflow obstruction due to the filtration function. Even during peak rainfall periods, it ensures timely drainage of rainwater, preventing water from accumulating in the water storage layer and overflowing into the vegetation layer.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom plate is annular, the top plate is plate-shaped, the ribs are arc-shaped, and the width of the top plate is smaller than the width of the bottom plate.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The curvature of the arc-shaped ribs in this design reduces the resistance when rainwater flows along the surface of the ribs, making it less likely for impurities to accumulate in vortices at the base of the ribs; at the same time, the arc-shaped structure has a larger interception area than straight ribs, and with the circumferential spacing, it can more accurately intercept large particles of impurities in different directions, such as obliquely falling leaves.

[0026] Furthermore, a filter screen is connected to one end of the drain pipe that connects to the overflow well.

[0027] Beneficial effects: While the overflow cover of the overflow well can intercept large particles such as fallen leaves and gravel, rainwater may still carry fine impurities into the overflow well. This solution, by adding a filter screen, can further intercept fine impurities, reducing the sand content of rainwater entering the drainage pipe by more than 10%, reducing the clogging rate of the permeable holes, and fundamentally avoiding pipe dredging and maintenance caused by impurities.

[0028] Furthermore, the overflow well includes a well body and a well base, both of which are cast-in-place concrete. The well body has a concrete layer inside for supporting the lower circumference of the drainage pipe.

[0029] Beneficial effects: In this design, the well body and well base are cast in place as one piece without splicing seams, which can resist settlement and impact; and the internal concrete layer fits and supports the drainage pipe, which can prevent the pipe from shifting. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the drainage unit in the front view direction in one embodiment of the sponge city infiltration and drainage structure of this utility model. Figure 3This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the drainage unit in a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure embodiment of this utility model, viewed from the left.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the drainage pipe in an embodiment of a sponge city drainage structure according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the drainage pipe in an embodiment of a sponge city drainage structure according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow hood in an embodiment of the sponge city infiltration and drainage structure of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the drainage unit in another embodiment of the sponge city infiltration and drainage structure of this utility model.

[0032] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names: Drainage unit 1, overflow well 101, well body 1011, well base 1012, drainage pipe 102, overflow hood shaft seat 103, overflow hood 104, reinforcing bar 1041, bottom plate 1042, top plate 1043, concrete layer 105, water permeable hole 106, filter screen 107; 2. Water storage layer; 3. Planting soil layer; 4. Permeable geotextile; 5. Gravel layer; 6. One-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0034] As one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a sponge city infiltration and drainage structure, which includes a vegetation layer, a water storage layer 2, a planting soil layer 3, and a gravel layer 5 arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0035] In this embodiment, the vegetation layer uses native herbaceous plants that are resistant to waterlogging and drought. The soil in the vegetation layer is improved soil, which is a mixture of garden soil, humus and perlite in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. A water-retaining agent with a mass fraction of 5% is added to the soil to retain some rainwater and reduce surface runoff.

[0036] In this embodiment, the water storage layer 2 is formed by the depth of the thick planting soil layer 3 and the surface of the foundation pit, and the thickness of the water storage layer 2 is 250mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the thickness of the planting soil layer 3 is greater than 600 mm.

[0038] In this embodiment, the gravel layer 5 is 200mm thick. The thick gravel layer 5 is made up of large-diameter gravel with a large number of gaps between the particles. When the rainfall is too heavy and the upper soil or filter layer cannot infiltrate in time, rainwater can quickly flow down through these gaps or into the drainage pipe 102, preventing surface water accumulation.

[0039] The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure in this embodiment also includes a drainage unit 1, combined with... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drainage unit 1 includes a drainage pipe 102 and an overflow well 101. The overflow well 101 is located within the water storage layer 2 and the planting soil layer 3, with the top of the overflow well 101 situated above the water storage layer 2. One end of the drainage pipe 102 is connected to the lower part of the overflow well 101, and the other end of the drainage pipe 102 is connected to the urban stormwater drainage network. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, multiple sets of water-permeable holes 106 are opened along the axial direction of the drain pipe 102.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, each group of permeable holes 106 is provided with multiple holes, and the multiple permeable holes 106 are circumferentially distributed on the drain pipe 102. In this embodiment, each group of permeable holes 106 is located on the upper half of the circumference of the drain pipe 102.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, a one-way valve 6 is installed at the end of the drain pipe 102 that is close to the urban stormwater pipe network, so that rainwater can only flow from the drain pipe 102 toward the urban stormwater pipe network, preventing sewage from flowing back into the urban stormwater pipe network.

[0042] In one embodiment, the drain pipe 102 is an HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe structure. The diameter of the drain pipe 102 is 100-150mm, the spacing between each group of water-permeable holes 106 on the pipe is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the water-permeable holes 106 is 5-8mm.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a permeable geotextile 4 is also provided between the planting soil layer 3 and the gravel layer 5, which can further play a filtering role.

[0044] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an overflow hood 104 is provided at the top of the overflow well 101, and an overflow hood bearing 103 is provided on the inner side of the top of the overflow well 101. In this embodiment, the overflow hood bearing 103 is embedded in the inner wall of the overflow well 101, and one end of the overflow hood 104 is hinged to the overflow hood bearing 103. Figure 6As shown, the overflow hood 104 includes a top plate 1043, a bottom plate 1042 and multiple ribs 1041. The multiple ribs 1041 are distributed circumferentially along the top plate 1043 and the bottom plate 1042. One end of the rib 1041 is connected to the top plate 1043 and the other end of the rib 1041 is connected to the bottom plate 1042.

[0045] In this embodiment, the bottom plate 1042 is annular, the top plate 1043 is plate-shaped, the rib 1041 is arc-shaped, the width of the top plate 1043 is smaller than the width of the bottom plate 1042, and the two ends of the rib 1041 are welded and fixed to the bottom plate 1042 and the top plate 1043 respectively, and the entire overflow hood 104 is made of cast iron.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the overflow well 101 includes a well body 1011 and a well base 1012. Both the well base 1012 and the well body 1011 are cast in place with concrete. The well body 1011 has a concrete layer 105 poured inside to support the lower circumference of the drainage pipe 102. This can prevent the drainage pipe 102 from shifting and ensure the stability and reliability of the installation position of the drainage pipe 102.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, a filter screen 107 is connected to one end of the drain pipe 102 that is connected to the overflow well 101. The filter screen 107 can further filter impurities entering the overflow well 101, avoid clogging the drain pipe 102, and the filtered impurities remain inside the overflow well 101, which also makes it convenient to open the overflow cover 104 to clean the impurities in the well regularly.

[0048] The specific implementation process is as follows: During rainfall, rainwater first falls on the vegetation layer, where some of it is retained by the soil and water-retaining agents, reducing surface runoff; the remaining rainwater is located in the water storage layer 2. When the rainfall is heavy and the water level of the water storage layer 2 reaches the set upper limit, the rainwater exceeding the capacity enters the overflow well 101 through the overflow cover 104 and is discharged into the urban rainwater pipe network through the drainage pipe 102.

[0049] The permeable holes 106 on the drainage pipe 102 can collect the rainwater that seeps downwards on a daily basis and eventually discharge it into the urban stormwater pipe network, thereby draining the rainwater from the seeping road surface and preventing water accumulation. If there is a tendency for sewage to backflow into the urban stormwater pipe network, the one-way valve 6 on the drainage pipe 102 will automatically close to prevent sewage from entering this infiltration and drainage structure.

[0050] It should be noted that the above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A sponge city infiltration and drainage structure, characterized in that, The system includes, from top to bottom, a vegetation layer, a water storage layer, a planting soil layer, and a gravel layer, as well as a drainage unit. The drainage unit includes a drainage pipe and an overflow well. The overflow well is located within the water storage layer and the planting soil layer, with the top of the overflow well located above the water storage layer. One end of the drainage pipe is connected to the lower part of the overflow well, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected to the urban stormwater drainage network. Multiple sets of permeable holes are opened along the axial direction of the drainage pipe.

2. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A permeable geotextile is also installed between the planting soil layer and the gravel layer.

3. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each group of permeable holes is provided with multiple holes, and the multiple permeable holes are circumferentially distributed on the drain pipe.

4. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each set of permeable holes is located on the upper half of the circumference of the drain pipe.

5. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A one-way valve is installed at the end of the drainage pipe that is close to the city's stormwater pipe network.

6. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage pipe is a double-walled corrugated pipe structure.

7. The sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow well is provided with an overflow hood at its top, and an overflow hood bearing seat is provided on the inner side of the top of the overflow well. One end of the overflow hood is hinged to the overflow hood bearing seat. The overflow hood includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and multiple ribs. The multiple ribs are distributed circumferentially along the top plate and the bottom plate. One end of each rib is connected to the top plate, and the other end of each rib is connected to the bottom plate.

8. A sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom plate is annular, the top plate is plate-shaped, the ribs are arc-shaped, and the width of the top plate is smaller than the width of the bottom plate.

9. A sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter screen is connected to one end of the drain pipe that connects to the overflow well.

10. A sponge city infiltration and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow well includes a well body and a well base, both of which are cast-in-place concrete. The well body has a concrete layer inside to support the lower circumference of the drainage pipe.

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