A ventilation system suitable for deep shafts

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of ventilation systems suitable for deep vertical shaft, belong to vertical shaft ventilation technical field, comprising: air supply unit, for sending outside air to the construction place of main hole;Pressurizing unit, for the air pressure of vertical shaft bottom is pressed out upwards;Air supply unit includes the air supply fan being arranged at the wellhead of vertical shaft, the air supply vertical pipe being arranged in vertical shaft and the air supply cross pipe being arranged in main hole;Pressurizing unit includes the pressurizing fan being arranged at the wellhead of vertical shaft and the pressurizing pipe being arranged in vertical shaft;In the scheme, fresh air is sent to the construction place of main hole by air supply unit, then air flow makes foul air flow into vertical shaft bottom, and then the air pressure of vertical shaft bottom is pressed out upwards by pressurizing unit, form the effect that fresh air enters and foul air is discharged, air circulation flow is realized, the working air quality in main hole is guaranteed, formation heat damage area is avoided, construction efficiency and effect are significantly improved, and equipment operation effect and construction safety are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vertical shaft ventilation technology, and more specifically, to a ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Deep shafts typically refer to vertical or near-vertical underground shafts with considerable depth, and are widely used in mining, water conservancy and hydropower, transportation tunnels, municipal engineering and other fields.

[0003] For example, in underground tunnel construction, a shaft refers to a cylindrical structure excavated vertically or nearly vertically downwards from the surface to the tunnel's design elevation, connecting the surface to the underground tunnel. The main tunnel, or tunnel structure, is the actual passageway for trains to pass through. The primary function of the shaft is to support the construction of the main tunnel, such as increasing the working face, improving ventilation and heat dissipation, drainage and muck removal, and emergency rescue.

[0004] In existing technologies, ventilation for shafts and main tunnels in underground engineering is mainly achieved through forced ventilation. This involves installing a blower at the shaft opening on the surface to force fresh air into the shaft and main tunnel. The polluted air in the main tunnel is then expelled from the shaft through natural airflow. However, due to the depth of the shafts, this method makes it difficult to create effective natural airflow. This causes polluted air to accumulate at the bottom or middle of the shaft, resulting in poor air quality in the main tunnel. This leads to insufficient oxygen supply for workers, the formation of heat hazard zones, poor construction efficiency and effectiveness, and significantly impacts equipment operation and construction safety.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts, installed in the shaft and the main tunnel, wherein a transverse passage is provided between the shaft and the main tunnel, comprising: An air supply unit is used to deliver outside air to the construction site of the main tunnel; A pressurization unit is used to push the accumulated air at the bottom of the shaft upwards; The air supply unit includes an air supply fan installed at the shaft opening, an air supply vertical pipe installed in the shaft, and an air supply horizontal pipe installed in the main tunnel. One end of the air supply vertical pipe is connected to the air supply horizontal pipe, and the other end is connected to the air supply fan. The pressurization unit includes a pressurization fan installed at the wellhead of the vertical shaft and a pressurization pipe installed inside the vertical shaft. One end of the pressurization pipe is connected to the pressurization fan, and the other end is located at the bottom of the vertical shaft and above the horizontal passage.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower end of the pressurization tube is provided with a detachable flow guide and an adjustment component, the adjustment component being used to adjust the vertical angle of the flow guide.

[0009] Furthermore, the adjusting component includes: A bracket is detachably connected to the pressurization tube. An adapter is rotatably mounted on the bracket. One end of the adapter is connected to the flow guide, and the other end is provided with a flexible tube detachably connected to the pressurization tube. An operating component, mounted on the bracket, is used to drive the adapter pipe to rotate.

[0010] Furthermore, the operating components include: A rotating shaft, one end of which is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bracket, and the other end of which is connected to the adapter tube; A turntable is connected to the end of the rotating shaft. The turntable has a plurality of evenly spaced insertion holes, one of which is used to insert a stud. The outer wall of the bracket is provided with a limiting hole that is compatible with the stud.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the pressurizing pipe is detachably connected to two symmetrical pipe clamps, and the pipe clamps are provided with connecting rods, the other end of which is detachably connected to the bracket.

[0012] Furthermore, the bracket is provided with upright plates at both the top and bottom ends, and the upright plates are provided with fixing holes that are adapted to the connecting rod. The end of the connecting rod is provided with external threads and is connected to the upright plates through nuts.

[0013] Furthermore, both ends of the pipe clamp are provided with fixing blocks, and fastening holes are provided on the fixing blocks.

[0014] Furthermore, both the lower end of the pressurizing pipe and one end of the adapter pipe are provided with connecting sleeves, and both ends of the hose are provided with mounting sleeves that are threaded to the connecting sleeves.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. In this solution, the air supply fan of the air supply unit compresses the outside fresh air into the air supply vertical pipe of the shaft, and then into the air supply horizontal pipe of the main tunnel. Finally, it flows out from the end of the air supply horizontal pipe, thus compressing the outside fresh air into the construction site of the main tunnel, which can supply oxygen to the workers at the construction site and improve the air environment at the construction site of the main tunnel. Then, relying on the airflow, the polluted air in the main tunnel flows to the bottom of the horizontal passage and the vertical shaft. At the same time, the fresh air at the shaft opening is forced into the bottom of the vertical shaft through the pressurization pipe by the pressurization fan. This discharges the polluted gas that is stagnant and accumulated in the bottom and middle areas upwards to the outside of the vertical shaft, creating the effect of fresh air entering and polluted air exiting. This achieves air circulation more quickly and conveniently, ensuring the working air quality in the main tunnel, guaranteeing the oxygen supply needs of the workers, avoiding the formation of heat hazard zones, significantly improving construction efficiency and effectiveness, effectively improving equipment operation and construction safety, and demonstrating high practicality.

[0016] 2. The vertical angle of the air deflector can be adjusted by adjusting the components, which can change the air pressure angle of the air deflector. The angle can be adjusted according to different site conditions and actual conditions to meet the needs of various situations, improve the air circulation effect, and effectively prevent the accumulation of polluted air. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system structure inside the vertical shaft and main tunnel of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the vertical shaft and the main tunnel of this utility model; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the vertical shaft and main tunnel from the other side of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the adjusting component of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each component on the bracket of this utility model.

[0018] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Shaft; 2. Main tunnel; 3. Air supply fan; 4. Air supply vertical pipe; 5. Air supply horizontal pipe; 6. Pressurized fan support; 7. Pressurized pipe; 8. Flow guide; 9. Adjustment component; 91. Bracket; 92. Adaptor pipe; 93. Hose; 94. Operating assembly; 941. Rotating shaft; 942. Turntable; 943. Insertion hole; 944. Stud; 10. Horizontal channel; 11. Pipe clamp; 12. Connecting rod; 13. Vertical plate; 14. Fixing hole; 15. Fixing block; 16. Fastening hole; 17. Connecting cylinder; 18. Mounting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-6 A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts, installed in vertical shaft 1 and main tunnel 2, wherein a transverse passage 10 is provided between vertical shaft 1 and main tunnel 2, comprising: An air supply unit is used to deliver outside air to the construction site of the main tunnel 2; The pressurization unit is used to push the accumulated air at the bottom of shaft 1 upwards; The air supply unit includes an air supply fan 3 installed at the opening of the vertical shaft 1, an air supply vertical pipe 4 installed in the vertical shaft 1, and an air supply horizontal pipe 5 installed in the main tunnel 2. One end of the air supply vertical pipe 4 is connected to the air supply horizontal pipe 5, and the other end is connected to the air supply fan 3. The pressurization unit includes a pressurization fan 6 installed at the opening of the vertical shaft 1 and a pressurization pipe 7 installed inside the vertical shaft 1. One end of the pressurization pipe 7 is connected to the pressurization fan 6, and the other end is located at the bottom of the vertical shaft 1 and above the horizontal channel 10. Both the air supply fan 3 and the pressurization fan 6 are high-power axial flow fans.

[0021] In use, the air supply fan 3 of the air supply unit will pressurize the outside fresh air into the air supply vertical pipe 4 of the vertical shaft 1, and then from the air supply vertical pipe 4 into the air supply horizontal pipe 5 of the main tunnel 2, and finally out from the end of the air supply horizontal pipe 5. This pressurizes the outside fresh air into the construction site of the main tunnel 2, thereby supplying oxygen to the workers at the construction site and improving the air environment at the construction site of the main tunnel 2.

[0022] Then, relying on the airflow, the polluted air in the main tunnel 2 flows to the bottom of the horizontal passage 10 and the vertical shaft 1. However, since the vertical shaft 1 is usually deep, it is difficult for the polluted air at the bottom of the vertical shaft 1 to be discharged naturally, thus forming a buildup. At this time, the pressurization unit can be used to push the accumulated air at the bottom and middle of the vertical shaft 1 upward. Specifically, the pressurization fan 6 pushes fresh air from the wellhead into the bottom of the vertical shaft 1 through the pressurization pipe 7. The gas pushed out through the pressurization pipe 7 can discharge the polluted gas trapped and accumulated here upward to the outside of the vertical shaft 1, thus preventing the accumulation of polluted air in the vertical shaft 1. Fresh air is then sent to the construction site of the main tunnel 2 through the air supply unit. Afterward, the airflow causes the polluted air to flow into the bottom of the vertical shaft 1, and then the pressurization unit pushes the accumulated air at the bottom of the vertical shaft 1 upward, thus forming the effect of fresh air entering and polluted air being discharged. Figure 1The improved airflow pattern allows for faster and more convenient air circulation, ensuring the quality of working air inside the main tunnel 2, guaranteeing the oxygen supply needs of workers, preventing the formation of heat hazard zones, significantly improving construction efficiency and effectiveness, effectively enhancing equipment operation and construction safety, and demonstrating high practicality.

[0023] Moreover, the proposed solution has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It does not require any changes to the outline of the main tunnel 2 excavation, and does not affect the material organization and transportation requirements within the main tunnel 2.

[0024] The end of the pressurization pipe 7 is located above the transverse channel 10, which can avoid affecting the polluted gas flowing out of the main tunnel 2 through the transverse channel 10, improve the air flow effect in the main tunnel 2, and thus further improve the air quality in the main tunnel 2.

[0025] In addition, during each subsequent forward excavation of the main tunnel 2, the extended horizontal air supply pipe 5 will be connected by a pipeline to ensure that the end of the horizontal air supply pipe 5 is always in the construction operation position, thereby better ensuring the oxygen supply needs of the workers at the construction site.

[0026] For preferred options, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-3 The lower end of the pressurization pipe 7 is provided with a detachable flow guide 8 and an adjustment component 9. The adjustment component 9 is used to adjust the vertical angle of the flow guide 8.

[0027] Specifically, fresh air at the wellhead is forced into the bottom of the shaft 1 through the pressurization pipe 7 by the pressurization fan 6 and discharged through the guide shroud 8, so that the guide shroud 8 presents a better diffusion angle to expel the polluted air accumulated at the bottom and middle of the shaft 1, and the effect of expelling the gas in the shaft 1 is better.

[0028] The vertical angle of the air guide 8 can be adjusted by adjusting component 9, which can change the air pressure angle of the air guide 8. The angle can be adjusted according to different site conditions and actual conditions to meet the needs of various situations, improve the air circulation effect, and effectively prevent the accumulation of air.

[0029] In addition, both the fairing 8 and the adjustment component 9 can be disassembled for easy transportation and storage. The disassembly and installation process is simple and quick, and it also facilitates subsequent cleaning, maintenance and replacement.

[0030] In this embodiment, preferably as described in 2-6, the adjusting component 9 includes: The bracket 91 is detachably connected to the pressurization pipe 7. The bracket 91 is rotatably provided with the adapter pipe 92. One end of the adapter pipe 92 is connected to the flow guide 8, and the other end is provided with the hose 93 detachably connected to the pressurization pipe 7. The operating component 94 is mounted on the bracket 91 and is used to drive the adapter pipe 92 to rotate.

[0031] Specifically, after connecting the bracket 91 to the pressurizing pipe 7, the two ends of the hose 93 are connected to the adapter pipe 92 and the pressurizing pipe 7 respectively. Thus, the air pressed down by the pressurizing pipe 7 will pass through the hose 93 and the adapter pipe 92 and finally be discharged through the guide shroud 8.

[0032] The adapter pipe 92 can be rotated by the operating component 94, which in turn drives the flow guide 8 to rotate. The angle of the flow guide 8 can then be adjusted according to specific needs.

[0033] The angle adjustment of the air deflector 8 causes the hose 93 to deform, without affecting the airflow from the pressurization pipe 7 into the adapter pipe 92 and from the air deflector 8. The hose 93 can also be disassembled and replaced periodically as needed to ensure long-term good performance.

[0034] In this embodiment, preferably, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3-6 The operating component 94 includes: A rotating shaft 941 has one end rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bracket 91, and the other end connected to the adapter pipe 92; Turntable 942 is connected to the end of rotating shaft 941. Multiple insertion holes 943 are evenly opened on turntable 942, and a stud 944 is inserted into one of the insertion holes 943. The outer wall of the bracket 91 is provided with a limiting hole that is compatible with the stud 944.

[0035] Specifically, rotating the turntable 942 will drive the rotating shaft 941 and the adapter pipe 92 to rotate. The adapter pipe 92 will rotate along the axis of the rotating shaft 941, thereby adjusting the fairing 8 to the optimal angle position.

[0036] After adjustment, the position of the insertion hole 943 on the turntable 942 should correspond to the limiting hole of the bracket 91. Then, insert the stud 944 into the insertion hole 943 and rotate it into the limiting hole of the bracket 91 to fix the turntable 942 in place, thus ensuring that the adjusted guide shroud 8 remains stable.

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3-5 The lower end of the pressurized pipe 7 is detachably connected to two symmetrical pipe clamps 11. A connecting rod 12 is provided on the pipe clamp 11, and the other end of the connecting rod 12 is detachably connected to the bracket 91.

[0038] With this design, when installing the bracket 91 and the flow guide 8, the two pipe clamps 11 can be first put on the end of the pressurization pipe 7, and then the two pipe clamps 11 can be fixed. After that, the bracket 91 can be connected and fixed to the connecting rod 12 on the pipe clamp 11. The assembly and disassembly are simple and convenient, saving time and effort.

[0039] In this embodiment, preferably, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3-6The bracket 91 has upright plates 13 at both the top and bottom. The upright plates 13 have fixing holes 14 that are compatible with the connecting rod 12. The end of the connecting rod 12 has external threads and is connected to the upright plates 13 by nuts.

[0040] With this design, after the clamp 11 is fixed to the pressure pipe 7, before connecting the mounting bracket 91, a nut is already threaded onto the connecting rod 12, i.e. Figure 5 In the state shown, the fixing hole 14 of the upright plate 13 on the bracket 91 is aligned with the connecting rod 12, so that the connecting rod 12 passes through the fixing hole 14 of the upright plate 13. Then, the connecting rod 12 is rotated to the outer end of the connecting rod 12 by the nut, that is, the upright plate 13 is between the two nuts. The upright plate 13 is limited and fixed by the two nuts of the connecting rod 12, thus realizing the fixation of the bracket 91.

[0041] During disassembly, simply rotate and remove the outermost nut to remove the upright plate 13 from the connecting rod 12, thus completing the disassembly of the bracket 91 and the flow guide 8. The operation is simple and quick, and convenient for maintenance and replacement.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 5 Both ends of the pipe clamp 11 are provided with fixing blocks 15, and the fixing blocks 15 are provided with fastening holes 16.

[0043] With this design, after the two clamps 11 are put on the pressure pipe 7, the clamps 11 can be fixed to the pressure pipe 7 by passing the bolts through the fastening holes 16 of the two fixing blocks 15 and then fixing them with nuts.

[0044] In this embodiment, preferably, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 5-6 The lower end of the pressurizing pipe 7 and one end of the adapter pipe 92 are both provided with connecting sleeves 17, and both ends of the hose 93 are provided with mounting sleeves 18 that are threaded to the connecting sleeves 17.

[0045] With this design, when installing the hose 93, the installation sleeves 18 at both ends of the hose 93 are rotated and threaded onto the connecting sleeves 17 on both sides to complete the installation and fixation of the hose 93. The same applies to disassembly, making replacement simple and convenient.

[0046] It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes based on them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture as shown in the attached figure. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0048] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, "multiple" refers to two or more. Moreover, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts, installed in a vertical shaft (1) and a main tunnel (2), wherein a transverse passage (10) is provided between the vertical shaft (1) and the main tunnel (2), characterized in that, include: An air supply unit is used to supply outside air to the construction site of the main tunnel (2); A pressurization unit is used to push the accumulated air at the bottom of the shaft (1) upwards; The air supply unit includes an air supply fan (3) installed at the wellhead of the vertical shaft (1), an air supply vertical pipe (4) installed in the vertical shaft (1), and an air supply horizontal pipe (5) installed in the main tunnel (2). One end of the air supply vertical pipe (4) is connected to the air supply horizontal pipe (5), and the other end is connected to the air supply fan (3). The pressurization unit includes a pressurization fan (6) installed at the wellhead of the vertical shaft (1) and a pressurization pipe (7) installed inside the vertical shaft (1). One end of the pressurization pipe (7) is connected to the pressurization fan (6), and the other end is located at the bottom of the vertical shaft (1) and above the horizontal channel (10).

2. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the pressurization pipe (7) is provided with a detachable flow guide (8) and an adjustment component (9), the adjustment component (9) being used to adjust the vertical angle of the flow guide (8).

3. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting component (9) includes: The bracket (91) is detachably connected to the pressurizing pipe (7). A connecting pipe (92) is rotatably provided on the bracket (91). One end of the connecting pipe (92) is connected to the flow guide (8), and the other end is provided with a flexible hose (93) detachably connected to the pressurizing pipe (7). An operating component (94) is provided on the bracket (91) and is used to drive the adapter pipe (92) to rotate.

4. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The operating component (94) includes: A rotating shaft (941) has one end rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bracket (91) and the other end connected to the adapter pipe (92); A turntable (942) is connected to the end of the rotating shaft (941). A plurality of insertion holes (943) are evenly provided on the turntable (942), and a stud (944) is inserted into one of the insertion holes (943). The outer wall of the bracket (91) is provided with a limiting hole that is compatible with the stud (944).

5. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the pressurizing pipe (7) is detachably connected to two symmetrical pipe clamps (11), and a connecting rod (12) is provided on the pipe clamp (11). The other end of the connecting rod (12) is detachably connected to the bracket (91).

6. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bracket (91) has upright plates (13) at both the upper and lower ends. The upright plates (13) have fixing holes (14) that are compatible with the connecting rod (12). The end of the connecting rod (12) has an external thread and is connected to the upright plate (13) by a nut.

7. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both ends of the pipe clamp (11) are provided with fixing blocks (15), and the fixing blocks (15) are provided with fastening holes (16).

8. A ventilation system suitable for deep vertical shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the pressurizing pipe (7) and one end of the adapter pipe (92) are both provided with connecting sleeves (17), and both ends of the hose (93) are provided with mounting sleeves (18) that are threadedly adapted to the connecting sleeves (17).

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