Multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi -pass sludge incineration waste heat boiler, including by multiple pass constitutes the boiler body, multiple pass includes radiation water cooling pass, bypass adjustment pass, internally provided with air preheating pass of air preheater and tail pass, radiation water cooling pass is constituted by membrane type water cooling wall, and the inlet of radiation water cooling pass is the flue gas inlet of boiler body, and the outlet of radiation water cooling pass is connected with the inlet of bypass adjustment pass and the inlet of air preheating pass simultaneously, and the outlet of bypass adjustment pass and the outlet of air preheating pass are connected with the inlet of tail pass simultaneously, and is provided with the bypass adjustment baffle of the free regulation of its export opening degree in the outlet of bypass adjustment pass, and is provided with the main road adjustment baffle of the free regulation of its export opening degree in the outlet of air preheating pass. The utility model has the advantage that can adjust and control the export air temperature of air preheater according to the different calorific value of sludge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of boiler technology, specifically to a multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, used to recover the heat from high-temperature flue gas after sludge incineration. Background Technology

[0002] Proper disposal of sludge is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. Sludge incineration is one of the mainstream technologies for sludge treatment and disposal because it combines sludge reduction, harmlessness, and heat recovery.

[0003] Sludge incineration involves burning sludge in an incinerator. The high-temperature flue gas generated is then discharged into a waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler recovers waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas through an air preheater, superheater, evaporator, and economizer. After being cooled by the waste heat boiler, the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the chimney. At the same time, cold outside air is sent into the air preheater through the air inlet. The cold air entering the air preheater exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas flowing through it, and is heated to form hot air. The hot air is then output from the air outlet of the air preheater to the incinerator to provide combustion air for the incinerator. The ideal temperature range for the hot air supplied by the air preheater to the incinerator is 300–500°C.

[0004] The calorific value of sludge fluctuates significantly due to factors such as its source and composition. Traditional waste heat boilers cannot regulate and control the outlet air temperature of the air preheater during the waste heat recovery process from high-temperature flue gas, and cannot consistently maintain the outlet air temperature of the air preheater within the range of 300–500°C. For example, when the calorific value of the sludge is high, the temperature of the combustion air output from the air preheater will be too high (exceeding 500°C). Excessively high hot air will cause the furnace temperature to exceed the standard, affecting the safe operation of the incinerator. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler that can adjust and control the outlet air temperature of the air preheater according to the different calorific values ​​of sludge, so that the outlet air temperature of the air preheater is always controlled at 300-500℃.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, comprising a boiler body composed of multiple channels, the multiple channels including a radiant water-cooled channel, a bypass regulating channel, an air preheating channel with an internal air preheater, and a tail channel. The radiant water-cooled channel is composed of a membrane water-cooled wall. The inlet of the radiant water-cooled channel is the flue gas inlet of the boiler body. The outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel and the inlet of the air preheating channel. The outlet of the bypass regulating channel and the outlet of the air preheating channel are simultaneously connected to the inlet of the tail channel. The outlet of the tail channel is the flue gas outlet of the boiler body. A bypass regulating baffle that can adjust the opening of the bypass regulating channel is provided at the outlet of the bypass regulating channel. A main regulating baffle that can freely adjust the opening of the air preheating channel is provided at the outlet of the air preheating channel.

[0007] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, the bypass regulating channel is also composed of a membrane water-cooled wall.

[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler: a membrane water-cooled wall forms a radiant chamber with an open top. A middle water-cooled wall is vertically arranged inside the radiant chamber. The two sides of the middle water-cooled wall are respectively sealed and welded to the corresponding inner sidewalls of the radiant chamber, so that the middle water-cooled wall divides the internal space of the radiant chamber into two rows of channels. The two rows of channels are a radiant water-cooled channel and a bypass regulating channel, respectively. A gap is left between the lower end of the middle water-cooled wall and the bottom surface of the radiant chamber. This gap forms a first connecting port that connects the outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel and the inlet of the bypass regulating channel. A second connecting port is provided on the lower sidewall of the radiant chamber. The second connecting port connects to the inlet of the air preheating channel, so that the outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel and the inlet of the air preheating channel.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler: a steam drum is installed outside the boiler body, and a heat exchange assembly that cooperates with the steam drum to generate superheated steam is installed in the tail channel. The heat exchange assembly includes a superheater, an evaporator, and an economizer. The superheater, evaporator, and economizer are arranged sequentially in the tail channel along the flue gas flow direction. The cold water inlet of the economizer is connected to external water supply through a feed water pump, and the hot water outlet of the economizer is connected to the steam drum through a first pipeline. The bottom of the steam drum is connected to the inlet of the evaporator and the inlet of each membrane water-cooled wall through a downcomer. The outlet of each membrane water-cooled wall is connected to the steam drum through a riser. The outlet of the evaporator is connected to the steam drum through a steam-water mixing pipeline. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum is connected to the inlet of the superheater through a second pipeline. The outlet of the superheater is an external superheated steam supply interface.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, the tail channel consists of an evaporative superheating integrated channel and an economizing channel connected in series along the flue gas flow direction. The inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel is the inlet of the tail channel. The inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel is also connected to the outlet of the bypass regulating channel and the outlet of the air preheating channel. The outlet of the economizing channel is the outlet of the tail channel. The superheater and evaporator are arranged in the evaporative superheating integrated channel, and the economizer is arranged in the economizing channel.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, the radiant water cooling channel, bypass regulating channel, air preheating channel, evaporative superheating integrated channel, and economizing channel are all arranged vertically. At the bottom of the radiant water cooling channel, bypass regulating channel, air preheating channel, evaporative superheating integrated channel, and economizing channel, ash hoppers are provided, and each ash hopper has an ash discharge valve at its bottom outlet that can open or close the corresponding ash hopper bottom outlet.

[0012] Through the implementation of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: (1) It can adjust the flow rate of flue gas that exchanges heat with the air preheater according to the different calorific values ​​of sludge, so as to keep the outlet air temperature of the air preheater always at 300-500℃ and ensure combustion efficiency; (2) It can safely, efficiently and continuously generate superheated steam; (3) Ash hoppers are set at the bottom of each channel to facilitate the collection and removal of fly ash and effectively prevent ash accumulation from affecting heat transfer and flue gas flow; (4) Each channel adopts a vertical arrangement, and in the specific structure of the radiant water-cooled channel and the bypass regulating channel, the radiant water-cooled channel and the bypass regulating channel share the middle water-cooled wall, making the overall structure of the waste heat boiler more compact. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler described in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] like Figure 1As shown, the multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler includes a boiler body composed of multiple channels. These channels include a radiant water-cooled channel 1, a bypass regulating channel 2, an air preheating channel 3 with an internal air preheater 24, and a tail channel. In practical applications, the air preheater 24 in the air preheating channel 3 is preferably a multi-stage air preheater. Both the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2 are composed of membrane water-cooled walls. The inlet of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 is the flue gas inlet 6 of the boiler body. The outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel 2 and the inlet of the air preheating channel 3. The outlets of the bypass regulating channel 2 and the air preheating channel 3 are simultaneously connected to the inlet of the tail channel. The outlet of the tail channel is the flue gas outlet 23 of the boiler body. In this embodiment, the tail channel is formed along the flue gas... The flow direction is sequentially connected in series to form an evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 and an economizing channel 5. The inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 is the inlet of the tail channel, and the outlet of the economizing channel 5 is the outlet of the tail channel. That is, the outlet of the bypass regulating channel 2 and the outlet of the air preheating channel 3 are simultaneously connected to the inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4, and the outlet 23 of the economizing channel 5 is the flue gas outlet 23 of the boiler body. A bypass regulating baffle 7 is provided at the outlet of the bypass regulating channel 1, which can adjust the opening of the outlet. A main regulating baffle 11 is provided at the outlet of the air preheating channel 3, which can freely adjust its outlet opening. In practical applications, the opening of the bypass regulating baffle 7 and the main regulating baffle 11 can be manually adjusted or controlled by a PLC. Both adjustment methods are existing technologies, so the corresponding structure of the regulating baffle 11 will not be described in detail here.

[0016] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the radiant water-cooled channel and the bypass adjustment channel is as follows: a membrane water-cooled wall forms a radiant chamber with an open top. A central water-cooled wall 12 is vertically arranged inside the radiant chamber. The two sides of the central water-cooled wall 12 are respectively sealed and welded to the corresponding inner walls of the radiant chamber, so that the central water-cooled wall 12 divides the internal space of the radiant chamber into two rows of channels. These two rows of channels are the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass adjustment channel 2, respectively. A gap is left between the lower end of the central water-cooled wall 12 and the bottom surface of the radiant chamber. This gap constitutes a... The first connecting port 13 connects the outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel 2. A second connecting port 14 is provided on the lower side wall of the radiant chamber, which connects to the inlet of the air preheating channel 3. Thus, the outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel 2 and the inlet of the air preheating channel 3. In the specific structure of the radiant water-cooled channel and the bypass regulating channel, the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2 share the intermediate water-cooled wall 12, making the overall structure of the waste heat boiler more compact.

[0017] In this embodiment, a steam drum 21 is installed outside the boiler body, and a heat exchange assembly that cooperates with the steam drum to generate superheated steam is installed in the tail channel. The heat exchange assembly includes a superheater 8, an evaporator 9, and an economizer 10. The superheater 8, evaporator 9, and economizer 10 are arranged sequentially in the tail channel along the flue gas flow direction. In this embodiment, the superheater 8 and evaporator 9 are arranged sequentially in the evaporation-superheating integrated channel 4 along the flue gas flow direction, and the economizer 10 is arranged in the economizing channel 5. The cold water inlet of the economizer 10 is connected to external water supply through a feed water pump 22, and the hot water outlet of the economizer 10 is connected to the steam drum 21 through a first pipeline 17. The bottom of the steam drum 21... The inlet of the evaporator 9 and the inlets of the membrane water-cooled walls that constitute the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2 are simultaneously connected through the downcomer pipe 18. The outlets of the membrane water-cooled walls that constitute the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2 are connected to the steam drum 21 through the upcomer pipe 25. The outlet of the evaporator 9 is connected to the steam drum 21 through the steam-water mixing pipe 19. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum 21 is connected to the inlet of the superheater 8 through the second pipe 20. The outlet of the superheater 8 is a superheated steam external supply interface for providing superheated steam to the outside. With the above structure, the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas can be used to provide superheated steam for continuous external production, further recovering the energy of high-temperature flue gas after sludge incineration.

[0018] In this embodiment, the radiant water cooling channel 1, the bypass regulating channel 2, the air preheating channel 3, the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4, and the coal-saving channel 5 are all arranged vertically. The vertical arrangement of each channel can further reduce the overall footprint of the waste heat boiler and make the overall structure of the waste heat boiler more compact. At the bottom of the radiant water cooling channel 1, the bypass regulating channel 2, the air preheating channel 3, the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4, and the coal-saving channel 5, an ash hopper 15 is provided. At the bottom outlet of each ash hopper 15, an ash discharge valve 16 is provided that can open or close the corresponding bottom outlet of the ash hopper 15.

[0019] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: The high-temperature flue gas generated from the incinerator burning sludge first enters the radiant water-cooled channel 1 through the flue gas inlet 6, and then is diverted through the radiant water-cooled channel 1 to the bypass regulating channel 2 and the air preheating channel 3. That is, the high-temperature flue gas in the radiant water-cooled channel 1 flows out in two paths. One path enters the bypass regulating channel 2 and then enters the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 through the bypass regulating channel 2. The other path enters the air preheating channel 3 and then enters the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 through the air preheating channel 3. The high-temperature flue gas that merges into the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 then flows through the evaporative superheating integrated channel 4 and the coal-saving channel 5 in sequence, and finally is discharged into the atmosphere from the flue gas outlet 23.

[0020] During the process of high-temperature flue gas passing through the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2, the high-temperature flue gas will exchange heat with the water flowing from the steam drum 21 into the membrane water-cooled walls of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2. After heat exchange with the water, part of the flue gas energy is recovered and the flue gas temperature is reduced. The water in the membrane water-cooled walls of the radiant water-cooled channel 1 and the bypass regulating channel 2 exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas to form a steam-water mixture. This steam-water mixture then enters the steam drum 21 through the riser pipe 25, thereby realizing a circulating steam-water loop for continuous energy recovery of high-temperature flue gas.

[0021] During the process of high-temperature flue gas passing through the air preheating channel 3, external cold air is introduced into the air preheater 24 through the air inlet. As the cold air flows from the air inlet to the air outlet in the air preheater 24, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas flowing through the air preheater 24 in the air preheating channel 3. After heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas, the cold air forms hot air at 300-500°C, which is then sent to the incinerator for combustion support from the air outlet.

[0022] In actual operation, for sludge with different calorific values, the flue gas flow rate distributed to the two channels can be adjusted by regulating the outlet opening of the bypass regulating channel 2 and the air preheating channel 3. This, in turn, adjusts the flue gas flow rate that exchanges heat with the air preheater 24, thereby regulating the air outlet temperature of the air preheater 24 and maintaining it at 300-500℃ to ensure incineration efficiency. The specific operation is as follows: When the calorific value of the sludge burned in the incinerator is low: by operating the bypass regulating baffle 7 to reduce the outlet opening of the bypass regulating channel 2, and simultaneously by operating the main regulating baffle 11 to correspondingly increase the outlet opening of the air preheating channel 3, the flue gas flow to the bypass regulating channel 2 and the air preheating channel 3 is dynamically distributed. At this time, the flue gas flow to the bypass regulating channel 2 will decrease, and the flue gas flow to the air preheating channel 3 will increase. More flue gas will flow through the air preheater 24 and exchange heat with the cold air flowing through the air preheater 24, thereby achieving the purpose of maintaining the air outlet temperature of the air preheater 24 at 300-500℃. Furthermore, by reducing the outlet opening of the bypass regulating channel 2 and increasing the outlet opening of the air preheating channel 3 at the same time, it can be ensured that while distributing the flow to regulate the air outlet temperature of the air preheater 24, the internal pressure of the system will not fluctuate drastically, ensuring the stable operation of the entire incineration system.

[0023] When the calorific value of the sludge burned in the incinerator is high: the outlet opening of the bypass regulating channel 2 is increased by operating the bypass regulating baffle 7, and the outlet opening of the air preheating channel 3 is decreased by operating the main regulating baffle 11 accordingly. This dynamically distributes the flue gas flow to the bypass regulating channel 2 and the air preheating channel 3. At this time, the flue gas flow to the bypass regulating channel 2 will increase, and the flue gas flow to the air preheating channel 3 will decrease. By reducing the flue gas flow that exchanges heat with the cold air flowing through the air preheater 24, the air outlet temperature of the air preheater 24 can be maintained at 300-500℃.

[0024] During the process of high-temperature flue gas passing through the evaporation superheating integrated channel 4 and the economizer channel 5, external feedwater is introduced into the economizer 10 from the cold water inlet. The cold water entering the economizer 10 exchanges heat with the flue gas flowing through the economizer 10 in the economizer channel 5 to form hot water. The hot water is discharged from the hot water outlet into the first pipeline 17 and then enters the steam drum 21 through the first pipeline 17. The hot water in the steam drum 21 then enters the evaporator 9 through the downcomer 18. The hot water entering the evaporator 9 exchanges heat with the flue gas flowing through the evaporation superheating integrated channel 4 to form a steam-water mixture. The steam-water mixture then returns to the steam drum 21 through the steam-water mixing pipeline 19. In steam drum 21, the steam-water mixture undergoes steam-water separation, forming saturated steam in the upper layer and hot water in the lower layer. The separated hot water then enters the evaporator 9 through the downcomer 18 and exchanges heat with the flue gas to form a steam-water mixture. This steam-water mixture then returns to steam drum 21 through the steam-water mixing pipe 19 to continuously generate saturated steam. The saturated steam that accumulates in the upper layer of the steam drum then enters the superheater 8 through the second pipe 20. The saturated steam entering the superheater 8 exchanges heat with the flue gas flowing through the superheater 8 in the evaporation superheating integrated channel 4 to form superheated steam, which is then output for use.

[0025] The advantages of this utility model are: (1) It can adjust the flow rate of flue gas that exchanges heat with the air preheater according to the different calorific values ​​of sludge, so as to keep the outlet air temperature of the air preheater always at 300-500℃ and ensure combustion efficiency; (2) It can safely, efficiently and continuously generate superheated steam; (3) Ash hoppers are set at the bottom of each channel to facilitate the collection and removal of fly ash and effectively prevent ash accumulation from affecting heat transfer and flue gas flow; (4) Each channel adopts a vertical arrangement, and in the specific structure of the radiant water cooling channel and the bypass regulating channel, the radiant water cooling channel and the bypass regulating channel share the middle water cooling wall, making the overall structure of the waste heat boiler more compact.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any other way. Any modifications or equivalent changes made based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler, characterized in that: The boiler body comprises multiple channels, including a radiant water-cooled channel, a bypass regulating channel, an air preheating channel with an internal air preheater, and a tail channel. The radiant water-cooled channel is constructed of a membrane water-cooled wall. The inlet of the radiant water-cooled channel is the flue gas inlet of the boiler body. The outlet of the radiant water-cooled channel is connected to both the inlet of the bypass regulating channel and the inlet of the air preheating channel. The outlets of the bypass regulating channel and the air preheating channel are both connected to the inlet of the tail channel. The outlet of the tail channel is the flue gas outlet of the boiler body. A bypass regulating baffle with adjustable outlet opening is provided at the outlet of the bypass regulating channel, and a main regulating baffle with adjustable outlet opening is provided at the outlet of the air preheating channel.

2. The multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bypass regulating channel is also composed of membrane water-cooled walls.

3. The multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A membrane water-cooled wall forms a radiant chamber with an open top. A central water-cooled wall is vertically arranged inside the radiant chamber. The two sides of the central water-cooled wall are respectively sealed and welded to the corresponding inner sidewalls of the radiant chamber, so that the central water-cooled wall divides the internal space of the radiant chamber into two rows of channels. The two rows of channels are a radiant water-cooling channel and a bypass regulating channel, respectively. A gap is left between the lower end of the central water-cooled wall and the bottom surface of the radiant chamber. This gap forms a first connecting port that connects the outlet of the radiant water-cooling channel and the inlet of the bypass regulating channel. A second connecting port is provided on the lower sidewall of the radiant chamber. The second connecting port connects to the inlet of the air preheating channel, so that the outlet of the radiant water-cooling channel is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass regulating channel and the inlet of the air preheating channel.

4. The multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steam drum is installed outside the boiler body. A heat exchange assembly that works with the steam drum to generate superheated steam is installed in the tail passage. The heat exchange assembly includes a superheater, an evaporator, and an economizer. The superheater, evaporator, and economizer are arranged sequentially in the tail passage along the flue gas flow direction. The cold water inlet of the economizer is connected to external feedwater through a feedwater pump. The hot water outlet of the economizer is connected to the steam drum through a first pipeline. The bottom of the steam drum is connected to the inlet of the evaporator and the inlet of each membrane water-cooled wall through a downcomer. The outlet of each membrane water-cooled wall is connected to the steam drum through a riser. The outlet of the evaporator is connected to the steam drum through a steam-water mixing pipeline. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum is connected to the inlet of the superheater through a second pipeline. The outlet of the superheater is the external superheated steam supply interface.

5. The multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tail section consists of an evaporative superheating integrated channel and an economizer channel connected in series along the flue gas flow direction. The inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel is the inlet of the tail section. The inlet of the evaporative superheating integrated channel is also connected to the outlet of the bypass regulating channel and the outlet of the air preheating channel. The outlet of the economizer channel is the outlet of the tail section. The superheater and evaporator are arranged in the evaporative superheating integrated channel, and the economizer is arranged in the economizer channel.

6. The multi-channel sludge incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiant water cooling channel, bypass regulating channel, air preheating channel, evaporative superheating integrated channel, and coal-saving channel are all arranged vertically. At the bottom of each of the radiant water cooling channel, bypass regulating channel, air preheating channel, evaporative superheating integrated channel, and coal-saving channel, there is an ash hopper. At the bottom outlet of each ash hopper, there is an ash discharge valve that can open or close the corresponding ash hopper bottom outlet.

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