A loading device and a vehicle structural member testing apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a loading device and a vehicle structure test equipment, and relates to the technical field of test equipment. In the loading device, a support platform is used for supporting a test piece; a support assembly is fixed to the support platform; a moving platform is used for lifting movement relative to the support assembly; a driving mechanism is installed on the support assembly and used for driving the moving platform to move; a loading driving piece is arranged on the moving platform and used for providing loading power; a loading detection piece is connected with the loading driving piece and used for detecting the loading load; a loading connecting piece is connected with the loading detection piece and used for applying the loading load to the test piece; and a control module is electrically connected with the driving mechanism, the loading driving piece and the loading detection piece, used for controlling the working of the driving mechanism and also used for adjusting the output force of the loading driving piece in a closed loop according to the feedback signal of the loading detection piece. The loading device solves the problems that the current loading device is complicated to adjust, has poor universality and low test efficiency when responding to the loading requirements of test pieces with different sizes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and in particular to a loading device and a testing device for vehicle structural components. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, static strength tests and structural component calibration tests for components of subway cars, intercity trains, and high-speed trains all require applying precise and repeatable tensile, compressive, or bending loads to the test pieces. However, in the process of developing this utility model, it was discovered that existing loading devices cannot meet the testing requirements of structural components and parts:

[0003] Firstly, the load-applying part of the current loading device is fixed. When dealing with the loading requirements of test pieces of different sizes, it is necessary to add transition parts of different lengths, which makes the adjustment of the test device cumbersome, lacks versatility, and has low test efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, the loading force of the current loading device cannot be adjusted in real time during the test. When the load fluctuates due to creep, temperature drift or micro-slippage of the test piece, the system cannot automatically compensate, causing the load of the test section to deviate from the target value and affecting the accuracy of the data. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a loading device and a vehicle structural component testing equipment, which solves the problems of cumbersome adjustment, poor versatility and low testing efficiency of the current loading device when dealing with the loading requirements of test pieces of different sizes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a loading device, comprising:

[0007] A support platform is used to support the test specimen;

[0008] Support components are fixed to the support platform;

[0009] A motion platform, movably connected to a support assembly, is used for lifting and lowering relative to the support assembly;

[0010] The drive mechanism, mounted on the support assembly, is used to drive the motion platform.

[0011] The loading drive unit, located on the motion platform, is used to provide loading power;

[0012] The load detection component, connected to the load drive component, is used to detect the loaded load;

[0013] The loading connector, which connects to the loading test piece, is used to apply loads to the test piece;

[0014] The control module is electrically connected to the drive mechanism, the loading drive component, and the loading detection component. It is used to control the operation of the drive mechanism and to adjust the output force of the loading drive component in a closed loop based on the feedback signal from the loading detection component.

[0015] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a power mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism includes:

[0016] The transmission nut is threadedly connected to the support assembly and fits against the motion platform.

[0017] The chain drive assembly is connected to the power mechanism and the transmission nut, and is used to drive the transmission nut to move relative to the support assembly, so that the motion platform moves up and down relative to the support assembly.

[0018] In some embodiments, the transmission nut has a T-shaped structure and an internal threaded hole for threaded connection with the support assembly. The transmission nut includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part. The first connecting part is connected to the chain drive assembly, and the motion platform is sleeved on the second connecting part.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second connecting part is provided with an external threaded surface, and the loading device further includes a locking nut, which is threadedly connected to the external threaded surface. The first connecting part and the locking nut are respectively located on both sides of the motion platform. The side of the first connecting part near the locking nut is provided with a mating surface that fits against the motion platform, and the locking nut maintains a preset gap with the motion platform.

[0020] In some embodiments, the motion platform is provided with a first groove on the side away from the first connecting part, the locking nut is provided with a second groove, and a first radial bearing, an overload leaf spring, a reinforcing washer and a thrust bearing are sequentially provided between the first groove and the second groove in the direction away from the first connecting part.

[0021] The motion platform has a third groove on the side near the first connecting part, and a second radial bearing is installed in the third groove.

[0022] In some embodiments, the support component includes at least two guide posts that extend along the movement direction of the motion platform and the motion platform is fitted onto the at least two guide posts.

[0023] In some embodiments, the loading device further includes a loading plate fixed above the motion platform, and a positioning element is mounted on the loading plate for clamping the loading drive element to restrict the movement of the loading drive element.

[0024] In some embodiments, the loading device further includes a limit switch disposed on the support assembly to prevent the motion platform from overtravel.

[0025] In some embodiments, the control module is provided with a first adjustment key and a second adjustment key. The first adjustment key is used to control the motion platform to move in a direction away from the support platform, and the second adjustment key is used to control the motion platform to move in a direction close to the support platform.

[0026] This application also provides a vehicle structural component testing device, including the loading device described above.

[0027] Compared to the aforementioned background technology, the loading device provided in this application includes a support platform, a support assembly, a motion platform, a drive mechanism, a loading drive component, a loading detection component, a loading connector, and a control module. The support platform supports the test specimen; the support assembly is fixed to the support platform; the motion platform is movably connected to the support assembly and is used for vertical movement relative to the support assembly; the drive mechanism is mounted on the support assembly and drives the motion platform; the loading drive component is disposed on the motion platform and provides loading power; the loading detection component is connected to the loading drive component and detects the loading load; the loading connector is connected to the loading detection component and applies a load to the test specimen; the control module is electrically connected to the drive mechanism, the loading drive component, and the loading detection component, and controls the operation of the drive mechanism, and also adjusts the output force of the loading drive component in a closed-loop manner based on the feedback signal from the loading detection component.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this loading device configuration mainly include:

[0029] Firstly, by setting up a movable platform that is movably connected to the support assembly and equipped with a drive mechanism to raise and lower it, the loading device can flexibly adjust the loading height according to the test requirements. This design overcomes the limitation of traditional loading devices being fixed and unadjustable, improves the adaptability and flexibility of the device, and can meet the needs of test pieces of different sizes, shapes, or loading positions.

[0030] Secondly, by electrically connecting the control module with the loading detection device and the loading drive device, a closed-loop control system is formed. This allows the control module to receive the loading load signal fed back from the loading detection device in real time and adjust the output force of the loading drive device accordingly. This closed-loop adjustment mechanism makes the loading process more precise and stable, and can compensate for force fluctuations or deviations during the loading process in real time, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the loading load, thereby improving the reliability of the test results.

[0031] Thirdly, because the loading device can precisely control the loading force and position, it reduces experimental errors and the number of repeated tests caused by inaccurate loading, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of the test. At the same time, the lifting and lowering function makes the installation and debugging of the test specimens more convenient, further enhancing the efficiency of the testing work. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the loading device in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main body of the loading device shown. Figure 1 .

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main body of the loading device shown. Figure 2 .

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the drive mechanism in the loading device.

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the connection of the intermediate sprocket, drive nut, and locking nut.

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission nut.

[0040] in:

[0041] Support platform 1, motion platform 2, transmission mechanism 3, control module 4, auxiliary support column 5, first bolt 6, locking nut 7, upper plate 8, guide column 9, loading plate 10, second bolt 11, power mechanism 12, synchronous sprocket 13, loading drive component 14, gearbox 15, drive sprocket 16, connecting bolt 17, positioning component 18, chain 19, loading detection component 20, tensioning screw 21, loading connector 22, locking nut 23, overload leaf spring 24, reinforcing washer 25, thrust bearing 26, first radial bearing 27, second radial bearing 28, locking screw 29, transmission nut 30, first connecting part 31, second connecting part 32. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper end," "lower end," "left side," and "right side" mentioned below are defined based on the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the loading device in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main body of the loading device shown. Figure 1 . Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main body of the loading device shown. Figure 2 . Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the drive mechanism in the loading device. Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the connection of the intermediate sprocket, drive nut, and locking nut. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission nut.

[0046] The loading device provided in this application includes a support platform 1, a support component, a motion platform 2, a drive mechanism, a loading drive component 14, a loading detection component 20, a loading connector 22, and a control module 4.

[0047] Support platform 1 is used to support the test specimen; support assembly is fixed to support platform 1 by connecting bolt 17; motion platform 2 is movably connected to support assembly and is used for lifting and lowering relative to support assembly.

[0048] The drive mechanism is mounted on the support assembly and is used to drive the motion platform 2.

[0049] The loading drive 14 is mounted on the motion platform 2. The loading drive 14 can be a double-acting loading cylinder. The loading drive 14 is used to provide loading power. The loading detection component 20 is connected to the loading drive 14. The loading detection component 20 can be a tension or compression sensor. It is used to detect the loading load. The loading connector 22 is connected to the loading detection component 20. The loading connector 22 is used to apply load to the test piece.

[0050] It should be noted that the combination of the tension / compression sensor and the double-acting loading cylinder enables tension / compression tests on structural components without the need to replace the sensor. Furthermore, the internal thread at one end of the force sensor serves as a universal connection structure, facilitating the replacement of the loading connector 22. The connector 22 can be a connecting rod, which connects to both the force sensor and the test piece. During connection, the installation distance can be adjusted by raising and lowering the motion platform 2 until the requirements are met.

[0051] The control module 4 is electrically connected to the drive mechanism, the loading drive component 14 and the loading detection component 20. It is used to control the operation of the drive mechanism and to adjust the output force of the loading drive component 14 in a closed loop according to the feedback signal of the loading detection component 20.

[0052] By setting up a movable motion platform 2 that is movably connected to the support assembly and equipped with a drive mechanism to raise and lower it, the loading device can flexibly adjust the loading height according to the test requirements. This design overcomes the limitation of traditional loading devices that are fixed and cannot be adjusted, improves the adaptability and flexibility of the device, and can meet the needs of test pieces of different sizes, shapes, or loading positions.

[0053] The control module 4 is electrically connected to the loading detection element 20 and the loading drive element 14 to form a closed-loop control system. This allows the control module 4 to receive the loading load signal fed back from the loading detection element 20 in real time and adjust the output force of the loading drive element 14 in a closed-loop manner based on these signals. This closed-loop adjustment mechanism makes the loading process more accurate and stable, and can compensate for force fluctuations or deviations during the loading process in real time, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the loading load, thereby improving the reliability of the test results.

[0054] Because the loading device can precisely control the loading force and position, it reduces experimental errors and the number of repeated tests caused by inaccurate loading, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of the test. At the same time, the lifting and lowering function makes the installation and debugging of the test specimens more convenient, further enhancing the efficiency of the testing work.

[0055] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism includes a power mechanism 12 and a transmission mechanism 3.

[0056] The power mechanism 12 is used to provide rotational power; the transmission mechanism 3 includes a transmission nut 30 and a chain drive assembly, wherein the transmission nut 30 is threadedly connected to the support assembly and fits against the motion platform 2; the chain drive assembly is connected to the power mechanism 12 and the transmission nut 30, and the chain drive assembly is used to drive the transmission nut 30 to rotate and move relative to the support assembly, so that the motion platform 2 moves up and down relative to the support assembly.

[0057] Specifically, the power mechanism 12 is an electric motor, and a gearbox 15 connects the motor and the chain drive assembly. The chain drive assembly includes a drive sprocket 16, a synchronizing sprocket 13, and a chain 19. The chain 19 connects the drive sprocket 16 and the synchronizing sprocket 13, and its tension is adjusted by a tensioning screw 21. The transmission nut 30 is connected to the synchronizing sprocket 13 by a locking screw 29, and a certain torque is applied to the locking screw 7, which is also marked with a loosening indicator.

[0058] In some embodiments, the transmission nut 30 has a T-shaped structure and an internal threaded hole for threaded connection with the support assembly. The transmission nut 30 includes a first connecting part 31 and a second connecting part 32. The first connecting part 31 is connected to the synchronous sprocket 13 of the chain drive assembly by a locking screw 29, and the motion platform 2 is sleeved on the second connecting part 32.

[0059] In some embodiments, the second connecting part 32 is provided with an external threaded surface, and the loading device further includes a locking nut 23, which is threadedly connected to the external threaded surface. The first connecting part 31 and the locking nut 23 are respectively located on both sides of the motion platform 2 to restrict the motion platform 2. The side of the first connecting part 31 near the locking nut 23 is provided with a mating surface that fits with the motion platform 2. The locking nut 23 and the motion platform 2 maintain a preset gap to prevent the locking nut 23 from rubbing against the motion platform 2 when it rotates with the transmission nut 30, causing wear on the motion platform 2.

[0060] In this way, as the motor provides rotational power, the chain drive assembly transmits the motor's motion and power to the drive nut 30, thereby driving the drive nut 30 to move on the support assembly. Since the side of the drive nut 30 closest to the locking nut 23 is in contact with the motion platform 2, it can drive the motion platform 2 to perform lifting and lowering movements.

[0061] In some embodiments, the motion platform 2 has a first groove on the side away from the first connecting part 31, the locking nut 23 has a second groove, and a first radial bearing 27, an overload leaf spring 24, a reinforcing washer 25 and a thrust bearing 26 are sequentially arranged between the first groove and the second groove in the direction away from the first connecting part 31.

[0062] When installing the locking nut 23, the second groove of the locking nut 23 contacts the reinforcing washer 25 and the thrust bearing 26, and the gap between the upper surface of the locking nut 23 and the lower surface of the motion platform 2 is adjusted as required until the target value is reached.

[0063] It should be noted that when the test piece suddenly breaks or the control fails, causing a sudden increase in load, the overload leaf spring 24 can quickly compress and convert the peak force into elastic deformation, absorb the impact energy, and prevent the precision components connected to the motion platform 2 from being subjected to overload impact, thus reducing the risk of equipment damage. At the same time, the first radial bearing 27 (close to the motion platform 2) bears the radial oscillation, and the thrust bearing 26 (close to the locking nut 23) bears the axial load. The two decouple the bending moment and the axial force, so that the loading axis always maintains a pure tension and compression state during the lifting and lowering process, which significantly reduces the wear and bending deformation of the support components caused by eccentricity, and improves the life of the motion platform 2 and the loading repeatability accuracy.

[0064] In addition, the first and second grooves encapsulate the overload leaf spring 24, the reinforcing washer 25 and the two sets of bearings in the same rotation space. The groove sidewalls provide radial positioning, and the pre-tightening can be completed by tightening the locking nut 23 once. The assembly time is significantly shortened, and the pre-tightening force can be quantified (the compression of the overload leaf spring 24 is approximately equal to the torque of the locking nut 23). There is no need for repeated disassembly and assembly during maintenance.

[0065] Furthermore, a third groove is provided on the side of the motion platform 2 near the first connecting part 31, and a second radial bearing 28 is provided in the third groove. The second radial bearing 28 bears radial swing and together with the first radial bearing 27 ensures the stability of the relative motion between the transmission nut 30 and the motion platform 2.

[0066] In some embodiments, the support component includes at least two guide posts 9 (also called columns), the at least two guide posts 9 extending along the movement direction of the motion platform 2, and the motion platform 2 being fitted onto the at least two guide posts 9.

[0067] For example, four guide columns 9 are set, and the four guide columns 9 are respectively installed and matched with the four corners of the motion platform 2. The four guide columns 9 are symmetrically arranged to improve the stability of the lifting and lowering movement of the motion platform 2.

[0068] During installation, the transmission nut 30 is assembled with the guide post 9, and the transmission nut 30 is adjusted to a suitable position in the middle of the guide post 9. The internal thread of the transmission nut 30 is an internal thread, and the external thread of the guide post 9 is a trapezoidal thread, so the threads of the transmission nut 30 and the guide post 9 are compatible.

[0069] In this way, the forward and reverse rotation of the chain drive assembly is achieved by the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. The guide column 9 only provides load support and does not rotate, so that the chain drive assembly moves up and down, thereby driving the motion platform 2 to move up and down.

[0070] In addition, the loading device also includes auxiliary support columns 5 and an upper plate 8. The auxiliary support columns 5 are located on the outside of each guide column 9, and both ends of the auxiliary support columns 5 are connected to the upper plate 8 and the support platform 1 respectively by first bolts 6. At the same time, the top of the guide column 9 passes through the upper plate 8 and is locked by locking nuts 7, thereby forming a frame structure. The auxiliary support column 5 can be used to install the control module 4, which can specifically be a control electrical box.

[0071] In some embodiments, the loading device further includes a loading plate 10 fixed above the motion platform 2. For example, the loading plate 10 can be fixed to the support column by a second bolt 11. The bottom of the support column is connected to the motion platform 2. A positioning element 18 is installed on the loading plate 10. The positioning element 18 can be a clamping screw head. The clamping screw head is used to clamp the loading drive 14 to limit the movement of the loading drive 14.

[0072] In some embodiments, the loading device further includes a limit switch disposed on the support assembly to prevent the motion platform 2 from overtravel.

[0073] When a control program or servo drive malfunction causes the motion platform 2 to continue its upward / downward movement, the limit switch is directly connected in series with the safety circuit, triggering a three-way linkage of power cut-off, air cut-off, and pressure cut-off with a response time of no more than 20ms. This prevents the motion platform 2 from impacting and eliminates irreversible deformation of precision components such as chain drive components, nuts, and bearings. The limit switch can be a non-contact inductive or Hall effect switch and is linked with the control module 4.

[0074] In some embodiments, the control module 4 is provided with a first adjustment key and a second adjustment key. The first adjustment key is used to control the motion platform 2 to move in a direction away from the support platform 1, and the second adjustment key is used to control the motion platform 2 to move in a direction close to the support platform 1.

[0075] In this way, the motion platform 2 can only move by consciously pressing the two adjustment keys, completely eliminating the sudden rise and fall of the platform caused by accidental touch of the touch screen or accidental touch with wet gloves.

[0076] In addition, a short press (less than 0.3s) can be set for micron-level centering when clamping the specimen; a long press (more than 0.5s) can automatically accelerate to about 10mm / s for rapid positioning of the large stroke of the loading part, without the need to switch modes, which significantly improves the efficiency of test preparation.

[0077] After being blackened, the entire device is corrosion-resistant and can meet the requirements of various testing environments.

[0078] In summary, the forward and reverse rotation of the drive mechanism propels the motion platform 2 to reciprocate within a defined space. The drive mechanism can bear the test load, and each set can meet the testing requirements for large loads. The drive mechanism includes a motor and a synchronous chain rotation assembly. The forward and reverse rotation of the motor enables the chain rotation assembly to rotate in both directions. The guide column 9 only provides load support and does not rotate, thus driving the motion platform 2 to move. This device can be used for testing in various environments, meeting the testing requirements of different structural components in subway vehicles, intercity vehicles, and high-speed trains.

[0079] The vehicle structural component testing equipment provided in this application includes the loading device described in the above specific embodiments; other parts of the vehicle structural component testing equipment can be referred to in related technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0080] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0081] The loading device and vehicle structural component testing equipment provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the solution and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A loading device, characterized in that, include: A support platform is used to support the test specimen; Support components are fixed to the support platform; A motion platform is movably connected to the support assembly for lifting and lowering relative to the support assembly; A drive mechanism, mounted on the support assembly, is used to drive the motion platform to move; A loading drive unit, located on the motion platform, is used to provide loading power; A loading detection component, connected to the loading drive component, is used to detect the loaded load; A loading connector, connected to the loading detection component, is used to apply a load to the test specimen; The control module is electrically connected to the drive mechanism, the loading drive component, and the loading detection component. It is used to control the operation of the drive mechanism and to adjust the output force of the loading drive component in a closed loop according to the feedback signal of the loading detection component.

2. The loading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a power mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism including: The transmission nut is threadedly connected to the support assembly and fits against the motion platform; A chain drive assembly, connected to the power mechanism and the transmission nut, is used to drive the transmission nut to move relative to the support assembly, so that the motion platform moves up and down relative to the support assembly.

3. The loading device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission nut has a T-shaped structure and an internal threaded hole for threaded connection with the support assembly. The transmission nut includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part. The first connecting part is connected to the chain drive assembly, and the motion platform is sleeved on the second connecting part.

4. The loading device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second connecting part is provided with an external threaded surface. The loading device also includes a locking nut, which is threadedly connected to the external threaded surface. The first connecting part and the locking nut are located on both sides of the motion platform. The side of the first connecting part near the locking nut is provided with a mating surface that fits against the motion platform. The locking nut maintains a preset gap with the motion platform.

5. The loading device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The motion platform is provided with a first groove on the side away from the first connecting part, and the locking nut is provided with a second groove. Between the first groove and the second groove, a first radial bearing, an overload leaf spring, a reinforcing washer and a thrust bearing are arranged in sequence along the direction away from the first connecting part. The motion platform has a third groove on the side near the first connecting part, and a second radial bearing is provided in the third groove.

6. The loading device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly includes at least two guide posts, which extend along the movement direction of the motion platform, and the motion platform is fitted onto the at least two guide posts.

7. The loading device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The loading device further includes a loading plate fixed above the motion platform, and a positioning member is installed on the loading plate. The positioning member is used to clamp the loading drive member to restrict the movement of the loading drive member.

8. The loading device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The loading device also includes a limit switch, which is located on the support assembly to prevent the motion platform from exceeding its travel range.

9. The loading device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The control module is equipped with a first adjustment key and a second adjustment key. The first adjustment key is used to control the motion platform to move in a direction away from the support platform, and the second adjustment key is used to control the motion platform to move in a direction closer to the support platform.

10. A vehicle structural component testing device, characterized in that, Includes the loading device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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