A device for non-destructive testing of casting defects

Abstract

The utility model belongs to nondestructive testing technical field, concretely relates to a castings defect nondestructive testing device, and the device includes main part and turnover mechanism, and the main part includes conveying seat and darkroom, and the upper surface of conveying seat is equipped with the first conveying unit and second conveying unit of interval arrangement along the conveying direction, and the turnover mechanism includes turnover seat, fixed base and movable seat, and turnover seat rotates and installs on conveying seat, and fixed base and movable seat install in turnover seat, and the distance between movable seat and fixed base is adjustable to adapt to clamping castings, and wherein turnover seat has the first position and second position of switching through rotation, and when the first position, fixed base and first conveying unit, second conveying unit are coplanar, and when the second position, movable seat and first conveying unit, second conveying unit are parallel. The above structure can turn over castings in the process of conveying detection, and then make the detection personnel can realize the detection of titanium alloy castings overall dead angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of non-destructive testing technology, specifically relating to a non-destructive testing device for casting defects. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium alloy castings are metal parts formed by pouring molten titanium alloy into a mold through casting processes (such as investment casting and sand casting), followed by cooling and solidification. Due to the excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance of titanium alloys, titanium alloy castings are widely used in aerospace, medical, chemical, and military fields.

[0003] Currently, titanium alloy castings require defect inspection after production. Fluorescent penetrant testing (FPI) offers significant advantages in defect detection for titanium alloy castings, including: ultra-high sensitivity (detecting micron-level defects); adaptability to complex geometries; low cost and high efficiency; non-destructive nature (preserving workpiece integrity); and intuitive visualization of results. These advantages make it a preferred method in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace and medical implants. FPI, based on capillary action and fluorescence imaging technology, primarily involves the following steps: penetrant testing, cleaning, development, and ultraviolet (UV-A) lamp application. The workpiece needs to be placed in a darkroom for inspection. However, if the titanium alloy casting has a complex structure such as unevenness, deep holes, blind holes, and grooves, single-sided inspection may result in defects in some areas (such as the back or hidden corners) not being covered by the inspection light source. For example, if there are linear defects on the inner wall of a box-type casting, inspecting only the outer wall may miss the problem. Also, cracks or porosity defects may be hidden on the back of the ribs and bosses of the casting. After single-sided inspection of such titanium alloy castings, the operator needs to flip the workpiece and inspect it again, which reduces the inspection efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above shortcomings, this utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-destructive testing device for casting defects, so as to solve the problem that in the prior art, after the single-sided inspection of the casting is completed, the operator needs to flip the workpiece and then carry out the inspection again, which leads to a reduction in inspection efficiency.

[0006] This utility model proposes a non-destructive testing device for casting defects, comprising:

[0007] The main body includes a conveyor seat and a darkroom. The upper surface of the conveyor seat is provided with a first conveyor unit and a second conveyor unit that are spaced apart along the conveying direction. The darkroom is at least partially covered by the gap between the first conveyor unit and the second conveyor unit, and the darkroom is provided with curtains at both ends along the conveying direction.

[0008] The flipping mechanism includes a flipping seat, a fixed seat, and a movable seat. The flipping seat is a cylindrical structure with open ends and is rotatably mounted on the conveying seat between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit. The fixed seat and the movable seat are installed inside the flipping seat, and the distance between the movable seat and the fixed seat is adjustable to accommodate clamping the casting.

[0009] The flipping seat has a first position and a second position that can be switched by rotation. In the first position, the fixed seat is coplanar with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit. In the second position, the movable seat is parallel to the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit.

[0010] The non-destructive testing device for casting defects proposed in this utility model may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, a driving device is further included. The driving device is connected to the conveying seat and the flipping seat respectively, and is adapted to drive the flipping seat to rotate.

[0012] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the driving device includes a first motor and a transmission mechanism. The first motor is mounted on the conveying seat, and the transmission mechanism includes a gear ring disposed inside the flipping seat and a gear disposed on the output shaft of the first motor. The gear ring meshes with the gear.

[0013] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the conveying seat is provided with an installation groove between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, and the outer peripheral surface of the flipping seat is adapted to abut against the bottom of the installation groove.

[0014] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the outer peripheral surface of the flipping seat is provided with ball bearings, and the flipping seat abuts against the mounting groove through the ball bearings.

[0015] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the side wall of the mounting groove is further provided with a limiting groove, and the end of the flip seat is provided with a limiting ring, the limiting ring being adapted to the limiting groove for limiting.

[0016] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, both the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit include a second motor and a first roller shaft with a double-groove pulley at the end. There are multiple first roller shafts, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveying seat, and the multiple first roller shafts are connected by a transmission belt. The second motor is installed on the conveying seat, and the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the first roller shaft located at the starting end of the conveying direction.

[0017] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the movable seat is arranged parallel to the fixed seat; the inner wall of the flip seat is provided with an electric push rod, and the end of the electric push rod is connected to the side of the movable seat away from the fixed seat.

[0018] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the fixed base is provided with a third conveying unit. The third conveying unit includes a third motor and a second roller shaft with a first driven sprocket at one end. Multiple second roller shafts are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the fixed base facing the movable base. The third motor is located on the side of the fixed base opposite to the axial direction of the second roller shaft. A first drive sprocket is provided on the output shaft of the third motor. The first drive sprocket is connected to the first driven sprocket via a first chain; and / or

[0019] The movable seat is provided with a fourth conveying unit, which includes a fourth motor and a third roller shaft with a second driven sprocket at one end. There are multiple third roller shafts, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the movable seat facing the fixed seat. The fourth motor is located on the side of the movable seat opposite to the axial direction of the third roller shaft. The output shaft of the fourth motor is provided with a second drive sprocket, which is connected to the second driven sprocket through a second chain.

[0020] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the inner wall of the flipping seat is provided with at least two proximity sensors for indicating rotation to the correct position, and the conveying seat is also provided with an electrical control box. The input end of the electrical control box is electrically connected to the output end of the proximity sensor, and the output end of the electrical control box is electrically connected to the input end of the first motor and the electric push rod.

[0021] The non-destructive testing device for casting defects proposed in this utility model can flip the casting during the transportation and testing process, avoiding the need for manual flipping. This allows the testing personnel to achieve comprehensive and thorough testing of titanium alloy castings. Furthermore, it is simple to operate, saves time and effort, and has high work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third-view cross-sectional structure of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the flip-up base and the fourth drive motor of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 4 A cross-sectional structural diagram.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Conveyor seat; 101. First roller shaft; 102. Second motor; 103. Double-groove pulley; 104. Conveyor belt; 2. Darkroom; 201. Door curtain; 202. Tilting seat; 203. Proximity sensor; 204. Electric push rod; 205. Gear; 206. Ball bearing; 207. Gear ring; 208. Mounting slot; 209. First motor; 210. Limiting ring; 3. Fixed seat; 301. Second chain; 302. Third motor; 303. Second drive sprocket; 304. Second driven sprocket; 305. Second roller shaft; 4. Movable seat; 402. First chain; 403. First driven sprocket; 404. Fourth motor; 405. Third roller shaft; 406. First drive sprocket; 5. Electrical control box. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0031] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0032] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0033] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "over," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" would subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0034] Reference Figures 1-5 This utility model proposes a non-destructive testing device for casting defects. The device includes a main body and a flipping mechanism. The main body includes a conveying seat 1 and a dark chamber 2. The upper surface of the conveying seat 1 is provided with a first conveying unit and a second conveying unit arranged at intervals along the conveying direction. The dark chamber 2 is at least partially covered by the gap between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, and both ends of the dark chamber 2 along the conveying direction are provided with curtains 201. The flipping mechanism includes a flipping seat 202, a fixed seat 3, and a movable seat 4. The flipping seat 202 is a cylindrical structure with open ends and is rotatably installed on the conveying seat 1 between the first and second conveying units. The fixed seat 3 and the movable seat 4 are installed inside the flipping seat 202, and the distance between the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 3 is adjustable to accommodate clamping the casting. The flipping seat 202 has a first position and a second position that can be switched by rotation. In the first position, the fixed seat 3 is coplanar with the first and second conveying units. In the second position, the movable seat 4 is parallel to the first and second conveying units.

[0035] Specifically, the conveyor seat 1 is arranged in a strip shape, with a flipping structure in the middle. The conveyor seat 1 is also provided with a first conveying unit and a second conveying unit respectively located on both sides of the flipping mechanism. The first conveying unit is used to convey the casting to the flipping structure for inspection, and the second conveying unit is used to convey the inspected casting in the flipping mechanism to the downstream for transfer processing.

[0036] The flipping seat 202 of the flipping mechanism is installed on the conveying seat 1 with its axis parallel to the conveying direction and can be flipped relative to the conveying seat 1. The fixed seat 3 and the movable seat 4 are installed inside the flipping seat 202, and the distance between the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 3 is adjustable to accommodate the clamping of the casting. The clamped casting can be flipped along with the rotation of the flipping seat 202, which facilitates observation from multiple angles. At the same time, in the first position, the fixed seat 3 is coplanar with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, so that the casting can be moved to the fixed seat 3 via the first conveying unit. In the second position, the movable seat 4 is parallel to the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, so that the movable seat 4 can be adjusted to be coplanar with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, which facilitates the casting to be moved to the second conveying unit via the movable seat 4.

[0037] Darkroom 2 is located in the middle of conveyor seat 1 and at least in the gap between the first conveyor unit and the second conveyor unit. That is, darkroom 2 is at least located in the flipping mechanism and is used to provide a testing environment. Along the conveying direction, curtains 201 for castings to enter and exit are provided at both ends. Darkroom 2 is equipped with black lights to assist in observing the castings that need to be tested.

[0038] During operation, the flipping seat 202 is adjusted to the first position, the casting to be inspected is placed in the first conveying unit, and then conveyed to the dark chamber 2 via the first conveying unit, and specifically conveyed to the fixed seat 3. After that, the inspector (who can also enter the dark chamber 2) can observe the titanium alloy casting to be inspected under the assistance of a black light. After the observation is completed, the movable seat 4 is adjusted to cooperate with the fixed seat 3 to clamp the casting. Then, the flipping seat 202 is rotated and adjusted to the second position. The movable seat 4 is adjusted to be coplanar with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit. After that, the inspector can observe the titanium alloy casting to be inspected under the assistance of a black light. Then, the casting is moved to the second conveying unit and conveyed downstream for transfer processing.

[0039] The non-destructive testing device for casting defects provided in this embodiment of the invention can flip the casting during the conveying and testing process, avoiding the need for manual flipping. This allows the testing personnel to perform comprehensive and thorough testing of titanium alloy castings. Furthermore, the device is simple to operate, saves time and effort, and has high work efficiency.

[0040] In some embodiments, a drive device is also included, which is connected to both the conveyor seat 1 and the tilting seat 202, and is adapted to drive the tilting seat 202 to rotate. This saves labor, making the tilting mechanism quick and easy to operate, thereby further improving work efficiency.

[0041] In some embodiments, the driving device includes a first motor 209 and a transmission mechanism. The first motor 209 is mounted on the conveyor seat 1, and the transmission mechanism includes a gear ring 207 disposed inside the tilting seat 202 and a gear 205 disposed on the output shaft of the first motor 209. The gear ring 207 meshes with the gear 205. Thus, the rotation of the first motor 209 drives the gear 205 to rotate, the rotation of the gear 205 drives the rack to rotate, and in turn drives the tilting seat 202 to rotate.

[0042] It should be noted that the driving device is not limited to the above structure. For example, the driving device can also be a friction driving device, which can drive the flipping mechanism to rotate through friction.

[0043] In some embodiments, the conveying seat 1 is provided with a mounting groove 208 between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, and the outer peripheral surface of the flipping seat 202 is adapted to abut against the bottom of the mounting groove 208. Specifically, by providing the mounting groove 208, the center of the flipping seat 202 can be appropriately lowered, thereby facilitating the coplanarity of the fixed seat 3 with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit.

[0044] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the flip base 202 is provided with balls 206, and the flip base 202 abuts against the mounting groove 208 through the balls 206. This can effectively reduce the resistance when the flip base 202 rotates.

[0045] Optionally, along the axial direction of the tilting seat 202, two rings of balls 206 are provided in the tilting seat 202 to ensure the balance of the tilting seat 202. Optionally, along the circumferential direction of the tilting shaft, the tangent of two adjacent balls 206 is located on the convex side of the tilting seat 202.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sidewall of the mounting groove 208 is also provided with a limiting groove, and the end of the flip seat 202 is provided with a limiting ring 210, which is adapted to the limiting groove for limiting. This ensures that the rotation axis of the flip seat 202 remains basically unchanged, thereby ensuring the stability of the flip seat 202 when it rotates.

[0047] Of course, in other embodiments, the position of the flip seat 202 can also be limited by setting a side baffle that is adapted to the mounting groove 208, which will not be described in detail here.

[0048] In some embodiments, both the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit include a second motor 102 and a first roller 101 with a double-grooved pulley 103 at the end. There are multiple first rollers 101, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveying seat 1 and are connected by a transmission belt 104. The second motor 102 is mounted on the conveying seat 1, and the output shaft of the second motor 102 is connected to the first roller 101 located at the beginning of the conveying direction.

[0049] Specifically, the first roller 101 is perpendicular to the conveying direction, and its two ends are mounted on the conveying base 1 via bearings. Multiple first rollers 101 are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction and rotate synchronously via a conveyor belt 104 wound around a double-grooved pulley 103. The second motor 102 is connected to the first roller 101 at any end of the conveying direction and drives the first roller 101 to rotate in order to convey the castings placed on the first roller 101.

[0050] This embodiment, through the above-described settings, can continuously provide conveying power to the casting.

[0051] Of course, in other embodiments, the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit can also be belt conveying mechanisms, which will not be elaborated here.

[0052] In some embodiments, the movable seat 4 is arranged parallel to the fixed seat 3; the inner wall of the flip seat 202 is provided with an electric push rod 204, and the end of the electric push rod 204 is connected to the side of the movable seat 4 away from the fixed seat 3.

[0053] Specifically, the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 3 are arranged in parallel, so only one movable seat 4 is needed to cooperate with the fixed seat 3 to clamp the casting. There are two electric push rods 204, which are connected to the movable seat 4 respectively, thus realizing the adjustment of the distance between the movable seat 4 and the fixed seat 3.

[0054] In some embodiments, the fixed base 3 is provided with a third conveying unit, which includes a third motor 302 and a second roller 305 with a first driven sprocket 403 at its end. There are multiple second rollers 305, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the fixed base 3 facing the movable base 4. The third motor 302 is located on the side of the fixed base 3 opposite to the second roller 305. A first drive sprocket 406 is provided on the output shaft of the third motor 302. The first drive sprocket 406 is connected to the first driven sprocket 403 through a first chain 402.

[0055] In some embodiments, the movable seat 4 is provided with a fourth conveying unit, which includes a fourth motor 404 and a third roller 405 with a second driven sprocket 304 at its end. There are multiple third rollers 405, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the movable seat 4 facing the fixed seat 3. The fourth motor 404 is located on the side of the movable seat 4 opposite to the third roller 405. The output shaft of the fourth motor 404 is provided with a second drive sprocket 303, which is connected to the second driven sprocket 304 through a second chain 301.

[0056] The above configuration enables both the fixed seat 3 and the movable seat 4 to have casting conveying functions, and thus can cooperate with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit respectively to adjust the position of the casting.

[0057] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the flipping seat 202 is provided with at least two proximity sensors 203 for indicating rotation to the correct position. The conveying seat 1 is also provided with an electrical control box 5. The input end of the electrical control box 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the proximity sensor 203, and the output end of the electrical control box 5 is electrically connected to the input ends of the first motor 209, the second motor 102, the third motor 302 and the electric push rod 204.

[0058] Specifically, at least two proximity sensors 203 are used to indicate that the first position has been rotated into place and the second position has been rotated into place, respectively.

[0059] This embodiment enables electrical control of the non-destructive testing device for casting defects through the above-described settings, thereby further improving work efficiency.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A non-destructive testing device for casting defects, characterized in that, include: The main body includes a conveyor seat and a darkroom. The upper surface of the conveyor seat is provided with a first conveyor unit and a second conveyor unit that are spaced apart along the conveying direction. The darkroom is at least partially covered by the gap between the first conveyor unit and the second conveyor unit, and the darkroom is provided with curtains at both ends along the conveying direction. The flipping mechanism includes a flipping seat, a fixed seat, and a movable seat. The flipping seat is a cylindrical structure with open ends and is rotatably mounted on the conveying seat between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit. The fixed seat and the movable seat are installed inside the flipping seat, and the distance between the movable seat and the fixed seat is adjustable to accommodate clamping the casting. The flipping seat has a first position and a second position that can be switched by rotation. In the first position, the fixed seat is coplanar with the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit. In the second position, the movable seat is parallel to the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit.

2. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive device, which is connected to the conveyor seat and the tilting seat respectively, and is adapted to drive the tilting seat to rotate.

3. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving device includes a first motor and a transmission mechanism. The first motor is mounted on the conveyor seat, and the transmission mechanism includes a gear ring disposed inside the flipping seat and a gear disposed on the output shaft of the first motor. The gear ring meshes with the gear.

4. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying seat has an installation groove between the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit, and the outer peripheral surface of the flipping seat is adapted to abut against the bottom of the installation groove.

5. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the flip seat is provided with ball bearings, and the flip seat abuts against the mounting groove through the ball bearings.

6. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side wall of the mounting groove is also provided with a limiting groove, and the end of the flip seat is provided with a limiting ring, which is adapted to the limiting groove for limiting.

7. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first conveying unit and the second conveying unit include a second motor and a first roller shaft with a double-groove pulley at the end. There are multiple first roller shafts, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveying seat and are connected by a transmission belt. The second motor is installed on the conveying seat, and the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the first roller shaft located at the beginning of the conveying direction.

8. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable seat is arranged parallel to the fixed seat; the inner wall of the flip seat is provided with an electric push rod, and the end of the electric push rod is connected to the side of the movable seat away from the fixed seat.

9. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed base is provided with a third conveying unit, which includes a third motor and a second roller shaft with a first driven sprocket at one end. Multiple second roller shafts are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the fixed base facing the movable base. The third motor is located on the side of the fixed base opposite to the axial direction of the second roller shaft. A first drive sprocket is provided on the output shaft of the third motor, and the first drive sprocket is connected to the first driven sprocket via a first chain; and / or The movable seat is provided with a fourth conveying unit, which includes a fourth motor and a third roller shaft with a second driven sprocket at one end. There are multiple third roller shafts, which are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction on the side of the movable seat facing the fixed seat. The fourth motor is located on the side of the movable seat opposite to the axial direction of the third roller shaft. The output shaft of the fourth motor is provided with a second drive sprocket, which is connected to the second driven sprocket through a second chain.

10. The non-destructive testing device for casting defects according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the flipping seat is provided with at least two proximity sensors for indicating rotation to the correct position. The conveying seat is also provided with an electrical control box. The input end of the electrical control box is electrically connected to the output end of the proximity sensor, and the output end of the electrical control box is electrically connected to the input end of the first motor and the electric push rod.

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