A detachable skeleton for a single molecule measuring instrument

Abstract

The utility model relates to single molecule measuring instrument technical field, especially a kind of detachable framework for single molecule measuring instrument, it include: first cylinder, inside has semi-sealed installation cavity;Second cylinder, corresponding first cylinder is set and located the below of first cylinder, inside has detection cavity;Middle installation mechanism, for installing detection component, including fixed plate, adapter plate and quick locking assembly;Locking mechanism, including fixed part and sliding part, fixed part is set in the both sides of the bottom of first cylinder, sliding part is slidably connected with fixed part, sliding part has extension rod, extension rod is through fixed part and first cylinder after extension into middle installation mechanism.This utility model is through the cooperation of first cylinder, second cylinder and middle installation mechanism, forms the framework structure that can be quickly disassembled and installed, the maintenance and the spare part replacement of easy maintenance and spare part replacement are carried out, can effectively improve work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of single-molecule measuring instrument technology, and in particular to a detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional single-molecule measuring instruments have their measuring mechanisms exposed to the outside environment. Because single-molecule measuring instruments require extremely high measurement accuracy, they are typically equipped with shielding enclosures to prevent interference from external noise. While these enclosures can mitigate the impact of external noise on the testing process to some extent, they primarily isolate mid-to-high frequency noise. Their effectiveness in isolating low-frequency external noise, as well as the low-frequency noise and vibration generated by the electric cylinder itself, is quite limited.

[0003] To address this issue, patent document CN117451951A discloses a highly adaptable single-molecule measuring instrument, comprising a sealed cover including a cylindrical cover body, with an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical cover body; a pressure-resistant and explosion-proof mechanism including an explosion-proof port disposed on the side wall of the cylindrical cover body, with a hollow stud with a nut fixedly attached to the outer side of the explosion-proof port, and an explosion-proof plate fixedly clamped between the limiting flange of the hollow stud and the nut; a multi-functional workpiece placement base including a set of connecting blocks connected to the bottom surface of the upper fixed plate, with a base plate fixedly installed between the bottom sides of the connecting blocks, an electric heating element embedded in the middle of the base plate, and a heat-conducting plate covering the upper side of the electric heating element; a magnetic adjustment mechanism including a strong magnetic fixing seat that can be lifted and lowered and installed on the lower side of the base plate, with a strong magnetic block fixedly installed on the strong magnetic fixing seat; and an electric cylinder whose telescopic shaft extends into and is fixedly connected to the cylindrical cover body. It uses the cylindrical cover body as a skeleton structure to seal and isolate the internal detection structure. This results in high adaptability.

[0004] However, the fixed, integrated frame structure makes the disassembly process cumbersome for subsequent maintenance and parts replacement. At the same time, when the equipment has a simple problem, it is difficult for operators to easily and intuitively observe the operation of the internal parts, resulting in insufficient convenience. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument, which solves the problem that the existing single-molecule measuring instrument skeleton structure is fixed in one piece, resulting in cumbersome disassembly steps and insufficient convenience of observation during maintenance.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument, comprising: The first cylinder has a semi-sealed installation cavity inside; The second cylinder is positioned below the first cylinder and has a detection cavity inside. The central mounting mechanism is used to set the detection component, including a fixed plate, an adapter plate, and a quick-locking component. The fixed plate is detachably connected to the top of the second cylinder, and the side wall of the fixed plate is provided with a locking hole. The fixed plate is provided with a receiving groove corresponding to the adapter plate, and the adapter plate is embedded in the receiving groove. The quick-locking component is set between the fixed plate and the adapter plate. The detection component is set on the adapter plate, and the receiving groove is provided with a through opening corresponding to the detection component. The detection end of the detection component enters the detection cavity through the through opening. The locking mechanism includes a fixing member and a sliding member. The fixing member is located on both sides of the bottom of the first cylinder. The sliding member is slidably connected to the fixing member. The sliding member has an extension rod that passes through the fixing member and the first cylinder and extends into the locking hole. After the sliding member slides, the extension rod disengages from the locking hole.

[0007] In one embodiment, the fixing member includes a fixing seat, a screw connection part, and a limiting block. The screw connection part is located on the side of the fixing seat close to the first cylinder, and the limiting block is located on the side of the fixing seat away from the first cylinder. The center of the fixing seat has a through hole corresponding to the extension rod, and the screw connection part is screwed to the first cylinder.

[0008] In one embodiment, the sliding member includes a torsion plate, an extension rod, and an abutment portion. The extension rod is disposed on the side of the torsion plate near the fixed seat, and the abutment portions are spaced around the extension rod, forming a limiting groove between the abutment portions. When locked, the limit block is accommodated in the limit slot; when disassembled, the top of the limit block abuts against the bottom of the abutment.

[0009] In one embodiment, the locking mechanism further includes a locking spring disposed between the fixed member and the sliding member, the locking spring being used to keep the sliding member continuously close to the first cylinder.

[0010] In one embodiment, the quick-locking assembly includes a rotating member and a locking member. The locking member is disposed within a receiving groove and located on both sides of a through opening. The rotating member is disposed on the side of the adapter plate away from the receiving groove, corresponding to the locking member. The fixing rod of the rotating member passes through the adapter plate and engages with the locking member.

[0011] In one embodiment, the locking member has a locking opening in the middle, and the rotating member includes a rotating base and a rotating rod. The rotating base is disposed on the adapter plate, and the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the rotating base. A locking opening is provided at one end of the rotating rod near the locking member, and a fixing rod is provided thereon.

[0012] In one embodiment, the adapter plate is T-shaped and extends from the side wall of the fixed plate toward the center of the fixed plate.

[0013] In one embodiment, a wiring plate is provided at one end of the side wall of the adapter plate near the fixed plate. The wiring plate is embedded in the first cylinder and the plane of the wiring plate is perpendicular to the plane of the adapter plate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the detection assembly includes a drive motor, an electric probe, and a sample holder. The drive motor is fixed on the side of the adapter plate away from the detection cavity. The electric probe is disposed at the output end of the drive motor and penetrates the adapter plate and enters the detection cavity through a through opening. The sample holder is disposed on the side of the fixed plate away from the mounting cavity and abuts against the portion of the adapter plate located at the through opening.

[0015] In one embodiment, a rotatable rotating cylinder is embedded in the second cylinder, and a first detection opening is provided on the second cylinder. A second detection opening is provided on the rotating cylinder, and the size of the second detection opening is not less than the size of the first detection opening. The rotating cylinder rotates around the central axis of the detection cavity, thereby closing the first detection opening.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: Existing single-molecule measuring instruments use a fixed, enclosed structure. This is achieved through a combination of upper and lower cylindrical enclosures, an electric cylinder isolation cover, and upper and lower fixed plates forming a unified framework. While this design ensures overall closure, the fixed structure makes it difficult to disassemble the detection components and other internal structures after installation. Maintenance and replacement require the removal of the entire framework, hindering timely troubleshooting and impacting work efficiency.

[0017] This invention employs a first cylinder and a second cylinder to form a separable cylindrical frame. A central mounting mechanism is provided on the second cylinder to provide a mounting position for the detection components. A locking mechanism on the first cylinder secures the first cylinder to the central mounting mechanism, thus completing the overall fixed connection of the frame. With this design, when disassembly of the frame structure is required, simply unlocking the locking mechanism separates the first cylinder, exposing the internal detection components. The operation is simple and convenient; the unlocking process does not affect the operation of the detection components. It allows for timely separation in case of malfunction, enabling the identification of the specific problematic component and greatly improving work efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, the central mounting mechanism employs detachable fixing plates and adapter plates. The fixing plate connects to the second cylinder and locking mechanism, ensuring the structural stability of the overall frame during locking. The adapter plate then supports the detection components, allowing them to be detached along with the adapter plate, facilitating rapid replacement of different types of detection components. A quick-locking assembly enables rapid installation and removal of the fixing plate and adapter plate, ensuring stability while simplifying disassembly steps and improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point AA; Figure 4 This is an overall exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the locking mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the central mounting mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the rapid locking component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Label Explanation: 1. First cylinder; 11. Mounting cavity; 2. Second cylinder; 21. Detection cavity; 22. Rotating cylinder; 221. Second detection opening; 23. First detection opening; 3. Central mounting mechanism; 31. Fixing plate; 311. Receiving groove; 312. Through opening; 313. Locking hole; 32. Adapter plate; 33. Quick locking assembly; 331. Rotating component; 3311. Rotating base; 3312. Rotating rod; 3313. Fixing rod; 33 14. Rotary handle; 332. Locking component; 3321. Locking opening; 34. Detection assembly; 341. Drive motor; 342. Electric probe; 343. Sample holder; 35. Circuit board; 4. Locking mechanism; 41. Fixing component; 411. Fixing base; 412. Screw connection; 413. Limiting block; 414. Through hole; 42. Sliding component; 421. Extension rod; 422. Torsion plate; 423. Abutment part; 424. Limiting slot. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 A detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument, comprising: The first cylinder 1 has a semi-sealed installation cavity 11 inside; The second cylinder 2 is provided corresponding to the first cylinder 1 and located below the first cylinder 1, and has a detection cavity 21 inside; The central mounting mechanism 3 is used to set the detection component 34, including a fixing plate 31, an adapter plate 32, and a quick-locking component 33. The fixing plate 31 is detachably connected to the top of the second cylinder 2, and the side wall of the fixing plate 31 is provided with a locking hole 313. The fixing plate 31 is provided with a receiving groove 311 corresponding to the adapter plate 32, and the adapter plate 32 is embedded in the receiving groove 311. The quick-locking component 33 is set between the fixing plate 31 and the adapter plate 32. The detection component 34 is set on the adapter plate 32, and the receiving groove 311 is provided with a through opening 312 corresponding to the detection component 34. The detection end of the detection component 34 enters the detection cavity 21 through the through opening 312. The locking mechanism 4 includes a fixing member 41 and a sliding member 42. The fixing member 41 is disposed on both sides of the bottom of the first cylinder 1. The sliding member 42 is slidably connected to the fixing member 41. The sliding member 42 has an extension rod 421, which passes through the fixing member 41 and the first cylinder 1 and extends into the locking hole 313. After the sliding member 42 slides, the extension rod 421 disengages from the locking hole 313. Specifically, the sliding member 42 is displaced in a direction close to or away from the fixing member 41 by means of insertion, so that the extension rod 421 is inserted into or removed from the locking hole 313, thereby completing the locking or unlocking.

[0025] Specifically, the quick-locking component 33 may adopt a detachable connection structure such as a pin, a snap-fit, or a bolt. Those skilled in the art can adjust it as needed, without making specific limitations.

[0026] In this embodiment, the fixing member 41 includes a fixing base 411, a screw connection portion 412, and a limiting block 413. The screw connection portion 412 is disposed on the side of the fixing base 411 closer to the first cylinder 1, and the limiting block 413 is disposed on the side of the fixing base 411 away from the first cylinder 1. The center of the fixing base 411 has a through hole 414 corresponding to the extension rod 421. The screw connection portion 412 is screwed to the first cylinder 1. The screw connection portion 412 enables the fixing member 41 to be detachably and securely connected to the first cylinder 1, facilitating the installation and replacement of the locking mechanism 4.

[0027] After the fixing member 41 is set, if the sliding member 42 simply adopts a structure such as a pin, although the sliding member 42 can quickly complete the insertion with the locking hole 313, when unlocking, the operator needs to continuously pull the sliding member 42 to keep the sliding member 42 away from the fixing member 41. Otherwise, the extension rod 421 of the sliding member 42 will enter the installation cavity 11 from the first cylinder 1. When the first cylinder 1 is displaced as a whole, the detection component 34 or other accessories inside the installation cavity 11 may be scratched. Therefore, the sliding member 42 includes a torsion plate 422, an extension rod 421 and an abutment part 423. The extension rod 421 is set on the side of the torsion plate 422 near the fixing seat 411, and the abutment part 423 is arranged around the extension rod 421 at intervals, forming a limiting groove 424 between the abutment parts 423. When locked, the limiting block 413 is accommodated within the limiting slot 424; when disassembled, the top of the limiting block 413 abuts against the bottom of the abutment part 423. Specifically, when unlocking, the operator rotates the sliding member 42 as a whole by twisting the plate 422, aligning the abutment part 423 with the limiting block 413, thereby limiting the displacement of the sliding member 42 and preventing the extension rod 421 from entering the mounting cavity 11 when the first cylinder 1 moves.

[0028] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 4 further includes a locking spring, which is disposed between the fixed member 41 and the sliding member 42. The locking spring is used to keep the sliding member 42 continuously close to the first cylinder 1. Specifically, the locking spring can be a tension spring, which is sleeved on the extension rod 421. The two ends of the locking spring abut against the torsion plate 422 and the fixed seat 411, respectively, thereby causing the sliding member 42 to move closer to the fixed member 41.

[0029] Furthermore, the diameter of the portion of the extension rod 421 extending into the locking hole 313 is larger than the diameter of the through hole 414. This design prevents excessive force from causing the sliding member 42 to displace excessively, thus avoiding safety issues. Even further, a locking spring can be fitted onto the portion of the extension rod 421 that does not extend into the locking hole 313, with both ends of the locking spring abutting against the portion of the extension rod 421 extending into the locking hole 313 on the fixed base 411.

[0030] In this embodiment, the quick-locking assembly 33 includes a rotating member 331 and a locking member 332. The locking member 332 is disposed within the receiving groove 311 and located on both sides of the through opening 312. The rotating member 331 is disposed on the side of the adapter plate 32 away from the receiving groove 311, corresponding to the locking member 332. The fixing rod 3313 of the rotating member 331 passes through the adapter plate 32 and engages with the locking member 332. That is, the rotating member 331 and the locking member 332 are respectively disposed on the adapter plate 32 and the fixing plate 31, and quick locking is achieved by engaging the fixing rod 3313 extending from the rotating member 331 with the locking member 332.

[0031] In this embodiment, the locking member 332 has a locking opening 3321 in the middle, and the rotating member 331 includes a rotating base 3311 and a rotating rod 3312. The rotating base 3311 is disposed on the adapter plate 32, and the rotating rod 3312 is rotatably connected to the rotating base 3311. A fixing rod 3313 is provided at the end of the rotating rod 3312 near the locking member 332, corresponding to the locking opening 3321. Specifically, the locking opening 3321 can be in the form of a rectangle, a rhombus, or a combination of circles, so that the rotating member 331 can be engaged by rotation after passing through the locking opening 3321. Those skilled in the art can adjust it according to actual conditions, and no specific limitation is made.

[0032] Preferably, the end of the rotating rod 3312 away from the locking member 332 is provided with a rotating handle 3314, which makes it convenient for the operator to operate the rotating rod 3312.

[0033] In this embodiment, the adapter plate 32 is generally T-shaped, extending from the side wall of the fixing plate 31 towards the center of the fixing plate 31. That is, only one end of the adapter plate 32 protrudes from the fixing plate 31, while the rest is nested within the receiving groove 311 of the fixing plate 31. This arrangement allows for quick alignment of the adapter plate 32, and also allows for easy lifting of the adapter plate 32 from the side wall of the fixing plate 31, facilitating separation of the adapter plate 32.

[0034] In this embodiment, a wiring connection plate 35 is provided at one end of the adapter plate 32 near the side wall of the fixing plate 31. The wiring connection plate 35 is embedded in the first cylinder 1, and the plane of the wiring connection plate 35 is perpendicular to the plane of the adapter plate 32. The wiring connection plate 35 allows for complete replacement of the circuit connection structure when different detection components 34 are replaced, saving wiring connection time and improving the overall convenience of the device. Simultaneously, it enhances the modularization and standardization of the detection components 34, expanding the overall functionality of the device.

[0035] In this embodiment, the detection component 34 includes a drive motor 341, an electric probe 342, and a sample holder 343. The drive motor 341 is fixed on the side of the adapter plate 32 away from the detection cavity 21. The electric probe 342 is disposed at the output end of the drive motor 341. The electric probe 342 penetrates the adapter plate 32 and enters the detection cavity 21 through the through opening 312. The sample holder 343 is disposed on the side of the fixing plate 31 away from the mounting cavity 11 and abuts against the portion of the adapter plate 32 located at the through opening 312.

[0036] In this embodiment, a rotatable rotating cylinder 22 is embedded within the second cylinder 2. A first detection opening 23 is formed on the second cylinder 2, and a corresponding second detection opening 221 is formed on the rotating cylinder 22. The size of the second detection opening 221 is not smaller than the size of the first detection opening 23. The rotating cylinder 22 rotates around the central axis of the detection cavity 21, thereby closing the first detection opening 23. Specifically, during testing, the operator aligns the first detection opening 23 and the second detection opening 221, opening the detection cavity 21 and entering the sample setting state. After clamping the sample in the sample holder 343, the rotating cylinder 22 is rotated to completely block the first detection opening 23, closing the detection cavity 21 and entering the testing state.

[0037] Preferably, the bottom of the second cylinder 2 is provided with a rotating plate (not shown in the figure). The rotating plate is connected to the second cylinder 2 by a screw connection. The bottom center of the rotating cylinder 22 is rotatably connected to the rotating plate through a ball bearing, so that the rotating cylinder 22 can rotate in the detection cavity 21 while ensuring the stability of the overall structure.

[0038] Although terms such as "first cylinder" and "second cylinder" are used frequently in this document, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of this utility model; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of this utility model.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument, characterized in that, include: The first cylinder (1) has a semi-sealed installation cavity (11) inside. The second cylinder (2) is disposed corresponding to the first cylinder (1) and located below the first cylinder (1), and has a detection cavity (21) inside. The central mounting mechanism (3) is used to set the detection component (34), including a fixing plate (31), a connecting plate (32), and a quick-locking component (33). The fixing plate (31) is detachably connected to the top of the second cylinder (2), and the side wall of the fixing plate (31) is provided with a locking hole (313). The fixing plate (31) is provided with a receiving groove (311) corresponding to the connecting plate (32), and the connecting plate (32) is embedded in the receiving groove (311). The quick-locking component (33) is set between the fixing plate (31) and the connecting plate (32). The detection component (34) is set on the connecting plate (32), and the receiving groove (311) is provided with a through opening (312) corresponding to the detection component (34). The detection end of the detection component (34) enters the detection cavity (21) through the through opening (312). The locking mechanism (4) includes a fixing member (41) and a sliding member (42). The fixing member (41) is disposed on both sides of the bottom of the first cylinder (1). The sliding member (42) is slidably connected to the fixing member (41). The sliding member (42) has an extension rod (421). The extension rod (421) passes through the fixing member (41) and the first cylinder (1) and extends into the locking hole (313). After the sliding member (42) slides, the extension rod (421) disengages from the locking hole (313).

2. The detachable skeleton for the single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing member (41) includes a fixing seat (411), a screw connection part (412), and a limiting block (413). The screw connection part (412) is located on the side of the fixing seat (411) close to the first cylinder (1), and the limiting block (413) is located on the side of the fixing seat (411) away from the first cylinder (1). The center of the fixing seat (411) is provided with a through hole (414) corresponding to the extension rod (421). The screw connection part (412) is screwed to the first cylinder (1).

3. The detachable skeleton for the single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding member (42) includes a torsion plate (422), an extension rod (421), and an abutment portion (423). The extension rod (421) is disposed on the side of the torsion plate (422) near the fixed base (411). The abutment portions (423) are spaced around the extension rod (421), and a limiting groove (424) is formed between the abutment portions (423). When locked, the limiting block (413) is accommodated in the limiting slot (424); when disassembled, the top of the limiting block (413) abuts against the bottom of the abutting part (423).

4. The detachable skeleton for the single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (4) further includes a locking spring disposed between the fixing member (41) and the sliding member (42), the locking spring being used to keep the sliding member (42) close to the first cylinder (1).

5. The detachable skeleton for the single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick-locking assembly (33) includes a rotating member (331) and a locking member (332). The locking member (332) is disposed in the receiving groove (311) and located on both sides of the through opening (312). The rotating member (331) is disposed on the side of the adapter plate (32) away from the receiving groove (311) corresponding to the locking member (332). The fixing rod (3313) of the rotating member (331) passes through the adapter plate (32) and engages with the locking member (332).

6. The detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking member (332) has a locking opening (3321) in the middle. The rotating member (331) also includes a rotating base (3311) and a rotating rod (3312). The rotating base (3311) is disposed on the adapter plate (32). The rotating rod (3312) is rotatably connected to the rotating base (3311). The end of the rotating rod (3312) near the locking member (332) is provided with the locking opening (3321) and the fixing rod (3313) is provided thereon.

7. The detachable skeleton for the single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adapter plate (32) is T-shaped and extends from the side wall of the fixing plate (31) toward the center of the fixing plate (31).

8. The detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adapter plate (32) has a line connection plate (35) at one end of the side wall near the fixed plate (31). The line connection plate (35) is embedded in the first cylinder (1). The plane of the line connection plate (35) is perpendicular to the plane of the adapter plate (32).

9. The detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component (34) includes a drive motor (341), an electric probe (342), and a sample holder (343). The drive motor (341) is fixed on the side of the adapter plate (32) away from the detection cavity (21). The electric probe (342) is located at the output end of the drive motor (341). The electric probe (342) passes through the adapter plate (32) and enters the detection cavity (21) through the through opening (312). The sample holder (343) is located on the side of the fixing plate (31) away from the mounting cavity (11) and abuts against the portion of the adapter plate (32) located at the through opening (312).

10. The detachable skeleton for a single-molecule measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second cylinder (2) is fitted with a rotatable rotating cylinder (22). The second cylinder (2) has a first detection opening (23) and the rotating cylinder (22) has a corresponding second detection opening (221). The size of the second detection opening (221) is not smaller than the size of the first detection opening (23). The rotating cylinder (22) rotates around the central axis of the detection cavity (21), thereby causing the rotating cylinder (22) to close the first detection opening (23).

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