Model experiment device for simulating deformation of subgrade structure under coupling action of train load and collapsibility

Abstract

The utility model discloses a model experiment device of subgrade structure deformation under the coupling action of train load and simulation collapse, and it includes: model box, the bottom array of model box has drain hole, and the top of model box is installed with apron, foundation soil layer, subgrade model, track model, track model is arranged on subgrade model, water immersion system, water immersion system includes water supply module and water injection module, and water supply module sets up at the top of model box, and water injection module sets up several groups in subgrade model, and water supply module is connected with water injection module, train simulation system, train simulation system includes support, power assembly, train model and vibration module, data acquisition system, terminal system, and terminal system is connected with data acquisition system. The utility model can systematically study the interaction mechanism of subgrade structure and collapsible loess foundation under the water-power coupling action, and it has important engineering value for improving the whole life cycle safety performance of underground engineering in collapsible loess area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering model testing technology, and in particular to a model test device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structures under the coupled action of collapsibility and train load. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of railway construction, the demand for railway projects traversing collapsible loess areas is increasing, and the resulting engineering disaster risks have become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of geotechnical engineering. Collapsible loess, as a special type of structural soil, has a large amount of soluble salt cement and a large pore structure between its skeletal particles. During water intrusion, the cementing material dissolves, causing the soil particles to rearrange, leading to significant volume shrinkage and strength deterioration. When this geological environment is superimposed with the long-term vibration load generated by train operation, a complex dynamic stress field will form inside the soil, accelerating the non-uniform distribution and dissipation of pore water pressure, thereby inducing progressive failure of the soil structure. This water-mechanical coupling mechanism can not only cause deformation of the subgrade structure but also lead to local collapse, posing a serious threat to engineering safety. Current research mostly uses separate analysis methods, or only focuses on static deformation caused by water immersion and collapsing, or examines the soil response under cyclic loading alone, failing to effectively reveal the multi-physics coupling effect under the combined action of collapsing process and vibration load. This simplified approach ignores the dynamic interaction between moisture migration and dynamic disturbance in the spatiotemporal dimensions, making it difficult for experimental results to accurately reflect the evolution of cumulative deformation of roadbed structures in actual engineering. At the level of experimental device development, traditional vibration loading systems are mostly based on simple harmonic wave theory to simulate train loads. While they can reproduce the periodic vibration characteristics of the foundation, they cannot accurately reconstruct the broadband random vibration characteristics of wheel-rail contact forces. In particular, the lack of high-frequency impact components directly affects the simulation accuracy of soil dynamic response. Meanwhile, existing collapsibility simulation systems are limited by the water replenishment methods, often employing single modes such as top immersion or bottom capillary infiltration. This results in significant spatial non-uniformity in soil moisture content distribution. Coupled with the uncontrollable nature of moisture migration rates, this leads to large dispersion in soil mechanical parameters during the experiment, severely restricting the repeatability and reliability of the experimental results. To address these technical bottlenecks, there is an urgent need to construct a model testing system capable of achieving precise coupling of multiple physics fields. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structures under the coupled action of collapse and train load, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structures under the coupled action of collapsibility and train load, comprising:

[0005] The model box has drainage holes arrayed at the bottom, wiring grooves for cable management are opened on the side wall of the model box, and a cover plate is installed on the top of the model box.

[0006] Foundation soil layer, which is filled inside the model box;

[0007] A roadbed model, wherein the roadbed model is positioned above the foundation soil layer;

[0008] A track model, which is arranged on the roadbed model;

[0009] A water immersion system, comprising a water supply module and a water injection module, wherein the water supply module is located on the top of the model box, and several sets of the water injection modules are provided inside the roadbed model, and the water supply module is connected to the water injection module;

[0010] A train simulation system includes a support frame, a power assembly, a train model, and a vibration module. The support frame is arranged outside the model box, the power assembly is mounted on the support frame, the train model is slidably connected to the track model, the power assembly is connected to the train model, and the vibration module is mounted on the train model to generate vibrations at a predetermined frequency.

[0011] A data acquisition system is arranged on top of the model box;

[0012] A terminal system, which is connected to the data acquisition system.

[0013] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model, the model box includes a frame and a transparent plate. The transparent plate is installed on the frame, and the drainage hole is opened on the bottom of the transparent plate. The diameter of the drainage hole is 2-5mm, and the spacing between adjacent drainage holes is 50mm.

[0014] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model, the track model includes a track bed plate, a sleeper rail model, and a rail model. The track bed plate is built on the roadbed model, and the sleeper rail model and the rail model are built on the track bed plate in sequence.

[0015] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of collapsibility and train load provided by this utility model, the water supply module includes a constant pressure water tank, which is fixed on the top of the frame. A conveying pipe is installed at the output end of the constant pressure water tank and is connected to the water injection module. An electromagnetic seepage control valve and a filter are connected in series on the conveying pipe. A humidity sensor is installed inside the roadbed model. The electromagnetic seepage control valve and the humidity sensor are both connected to the terminal system.

[0016] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of collapsibility and train load provided by this utility model, the water injection module includes a water injection pipe, and several sets of water injection pipes are arranged. The water injection pipes are vertically inserted into the roadbed model. The water injection pipes are connected to the delivery pipes. Several immersion holes are arrayed on the water injection pipes, and the interval between adjacent immersion holes is 2 cm. Drainage pipes are installed on the drainage holes to accelerate water circulation. The drainage pipes are connected to a vacuum pump. A breathable isolation membrane is installed on the drainage pipes to prevent soil from entering the drainage pipes.

[0017] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model, the train model includes a moving trolley, the moving trolley is slidably connected to the rail model, and the vibration module is installed on the moving trolley;

[0018] The vibration module includes an exciter.

[0019] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model, the power component includes a movable slide rail, which is fixed on the support. A movable electric hoist is installed on the movable slide rail, and the movable electric hoist and the movable trolley are connected by chain transmission.

[0020] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of collapsibility and train load provided by this utility model, the data acquisition system includes a laser displacement meter and a dynamic signal analyzer. The laser displacement meter is installed on the top of the frame and is connected to the dynamic signal analyzer.

[0021] According to the model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model, a sealing ring is provided on the wiring groove.

[0022] The model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of sinkhole and train load provided by this utility model also includes a high-speed camera, which is arranged on the frame.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] This invention simulates the coupled effect of sinkhole and train load, overcoming the limitations of single-factor simulation, reproducing the synchronous action of the two in engineering, improving the authenticity and reference value of the experiment, and providing a more reliable basis for actual engineering.

[0025] This invention provides precise control over immersion and train system parameters, allowing for adjustment of the subsidence range, train speed, and other parameters. It also supports multi-parameter, multi-condition comparative experiments, facilitating the quantification of the impact of various factors on roadbed deformation and the exploration of deformation patterns.

[0026] This utility model features a model box with drainage holes that control drainage conditions, wiring channels that ensure stable data acquisition, and the ability to simulate different hydrogeological environments. The experimental conditions are controllable, enabling comprehensive simulation of complex engineering scenarios and enhancing the applicability of the experiments.

[0027] This utility model's data acquisition system is linked with a terminal to collect multi-dimensional data in real time. Combined with analysis functions, it quickly reveals the deformation mechanism of the roadbed, providing direct experimental support for the optimization of roadbed engineering design and the prevention and control of roadbed defects.

[0028] This utility model integrates multiple systems, has a compact structure, and its modular design facilitates installation, maintenance, and flexible adjustment. It is suitable for different experimental needs, easy to operate, highly practical, and conducive to wide application. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the model box and its internal structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the track model of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the train model of this utility model.

[0034] Among them, 1. mobile trolley; 2. vibrator; 3. pulley; 4. chain; 5. track bed plate; 6. sleeper model; 7. rail model; 8. roadbed model; 9. mobile slide rail; 10. mobile electric hoist; 11. support; 12. constant pressure water tank; 13. laser displacement meter; 14. water injection pipe; 15. frame; 16. foundation soil layer. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a model experimental device for simulating the deformation of roadbed structures under the coupled action of collapse and train load, comprising:

[0038] The model box has drainage holes arrayed at the bottom, wiring grooves for cable management on the side walls, and a cover plate installed on the top.

[0039] Foundation soil layer 16 is filled inside the model box;

[0040] Roadbed model 8 is set above the foundation soil layer 16;

[0041] The track model is placed on the roadbed model 8;

[0042] The water immersion system includes a water supply module and a water injection module. The water supply module is located on the top of the model box, and several sets of water injection modules are set inside the roadbed model 8. The water supply module is connected to the water injection module.

[0043] The train simulation system includes a support frame 11, a power component, a train model, and a vibration module. The support frame 11 is arranged outside the model box, the power component is mounted on the support frame 11, the train model is slidably connected to the track model, the power component is connected to the train model, and the vibration module is mounted on the train model to generate vibrations at a predetermined frequency.

[0044] The data acquisition system is located on top of the model box;

[0045] The terminal system is connected to the data acquisition system.

[0046] Before the experiment, the foundation soil layer 16, the roadbed model 8 and the track model were laid out in sequence in the model box. The immersion system, the train simulation system and the data acquisition system were installed and connected to the terminal. During the experiment, the immersion system caused the roadbed to collapse through the water injection module. The train simulation system drove the train model to move and generate vibration, realizing the coupling effect between the collapse and the train load. The data acquisition system collected parameters in real time and transmitted them to the terminal for analysis.

[0047] Further optimization of the design: the model box includes a frame 15 and a transparent plate. The transparent plate is installed on the frame 15, and drainage holes are opened on the bottom transparent plate. The diameter of the drainage holes is 2-5mm, and the spacing between adjacent drainage holes is 50mm.

[0048] The model box consists of frame 15 and a transparent plate. The transparent plate allows for direct observation of the internal roadbed deformation process. The 2-5mm drainage holes (50mm spacing) on ​​the bottom transparent plate can be used to adjust the drainage rate of the foundation soil layer 16 by controlling the opening, closing and number of drainage holes. This, in conjunction with the drainage system, accurately simulates geological conditions with different permeability coefficients. At the same time, the transparent material does not interfere with the operation of external observation equipment.

[0049] The scheme was further optimized. The track model includes track bed 5, sleeper model 6, and rail model 7. Track bed 5 is built on the roadbed model 8, and sleeper model 6 and rail model 7 are built on track bed 5 in sequence.

[0050] The hierarchical structure of track bed slab 5, sleeper model 6, and rail model 7 replicates the force transmission path of the actual track system: the train load is transferred from rail model 7 to sleeper model 6, and then evenly distributed to subgrade model 8 through track bed slab 5, realizing the simulation of the step-by-step transfer of load from track to subgrade, ensuring that the load action mode is consistent with the actual project.

[0051] The scheme is further optimized. The water supply module includes a constant pressure water tank 12, which is fixed on the top of the frame 15. A delivery pipe is installed at the output end of the constant pressure water tank 12. The delivery pipe is connected to the water injection module. An electromagnetic seepage control valve and a filter are connected in series on the delivery pipe. A humidity sensor is installed in the roadbed model 8. The electromagnetic seepage control valve and the humidity sensor are both connected to the terminal system.

[0052] The constant pressure water tank 12 provides stable water pressure to ensure a constant water injection flow rate; the electromagnetic seepage control valve receives instructions from the terminal system (based on real-time data from the humidity sensor) and precisely adjusts the water injection volume; the filter prevents impurities from clogging the water injection pipe 14; through humidity closed-loop control, the set humidity of the roadbed is automatically maintained to achieve dynamic regulation of the subsidence process.

[0053] The scheme is further optimized. The water injection module includes a water injection pipe 14. Several sets of water injection pipes 14 are set. The water injection pipes 14 are vertically inserted into the roadbed model 8. The water injection pipes 14 are connected to the delivery pipe. Several immersion holes are arrayed on the water injection pipes 14. The interval between adjacent immersion holes is 2cm. Drainage pipes are installed on the drainage holes to accelerate water circulation. The drainage pipes are connected to a vacuum pump. A breathable isolation membrane is installed on the drainage pipes to prevent soil from entering the drainage pipes.

[0054] Water injection pipe 14 is vertically inserted into the roadbed, and the immersion holes spaced 2cm apart enable uniform water infiltration; the drainage pipe is connected to a vacuum pump to accelerate drainage, and the breathable isolation membrane allows water to pass through but blocks the soil, which not only avoids pipe blockage, but also allows the drainage speed to be controlled by adjusting the power of the vacuum pump, quickly switching between immersion and drainage conditions, simulating the dynamic process of water circulation.

[0055] Further optimization of the scheme: the train model includes a mobile trolley 1, which is slidably connected to the rail model 7, and a vibration module is installed on the mobile trolley 1;

[0056] The vibration module includes an exciter 2.

[0057] The mobile trolley 1 is slidably connected to the rail model 7 via pulleys 3.

[0058] The mobile trolley 1 slides along the rail model 7 to simulate the train's trajectory. The vibrator 2 installed on it generates vibrations at a preset frequency and amplitude, directly applying the vibration load to the rail. This achieves accurate simulation of the "movement + vibration" composite load, more realistically reproducing the dynamic effect of the train on the track.

[0059] The scheme is further optimized. The power component includes a movable slide rail 9, which is fixed on the bracket 11. A movable electric hoist 10 is installed on the movable slide rail 9, and the movable electric hoist 10 and the movable trolley 1 are connected by a chain 4 for transmission.

[0060] The movable slide rail 9 defines the movement path, and the movable electric hoist 10 drives the movable trolley 1 through the chain 4. The stepless speed regulation characteristic of the electric hoist is used to precisely control the speed of the trolley (0-actual train scaling speed). Combined with the guide of the slide rail, the trolley moves stably along the rail, realizing the accurate simulation of the train speed.

[0061] The scheme has been further optimized. The data acquisition system includes a laser displacement meter 13 and a dynamic signal analyzer. The laser displacement meter 13 is installed on the top of the frame 15 and is connected to the dynamic signal analyzer.

[0062] The laser displacement meter 13 measures the roadbed surface and track settlement in a non-contact manner, avoiding interference from contact measurement. The dynamic signal analyzer receives data from the laser displacement meter 13 in real time, processes the dynamic signals generated by the vibration module synchronously, and quickly outputs correlation curves such as deformation-time and vibration frequency-amplitude, improving the efficiency of data acquisition and analysis.

[0063] The design has been further optimized by incorporating a sealing ring on the wiring trough.

[0064] Further optimization of the scheme also includes a high-speed camera, which is mounted on frame 15.

[0065] A high-speed camera mounted on frame 15, in conjunction with a transparent plate, captures the dynamic process of roadbed deformation at a high frame rate (typically ≥1000fps), capturing instantaneous deformation details (such as wet collapse and instantaneous track displacement), complementing the data from laser displacement meter 13, and further reconstructing the deformation mechanism through image analysis.

[0066] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A model experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of roadbed structures under the coupled action of collapse and train load, characterized in that, include: The model box has drainage holes arrayed at the bottom, wiring grooves for cable management are opened on the side wall of the model box, and a cover plate is installed on the top of the model box. Foundation soil layer (16), the foundation soil layer (16) is filled in the model box; A roadbed model (8) is set above the foundation soil layer (16); A track model, which is arranged on the roadbed model (8); The immersion system includes a water supply module and a water injection module. The water supply module is located on the top of the model box, and several sets of water injection modules are provided inside the roadbed model (8). The water supply module is connected to the water injection module. The train simulation system includes a support (11), a power component, a train model, and a vibration module. The support (11) is arranged outside the model box. The power component is installed on the support (11). The train model is slidably connected to the track model. The power component is connected to the train model. The vibration module is installed on the train model and is used to generate vibrations at a predetermined frequency. A data acquisition system is arranged on top of the model box; A terminal system, which is connected to the data acquisition system.

2. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The model box includes a frame (15) and a transparent plate. The transparent plate is mounted on the frame (15). The drainage holes are opened on the bottom of the transparent plate, and the diameter of the drainage holes is 2-5 mm, and the distance between adjacent drainage holes is 50 mm.

3. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The track model includes a track bed (5), a sleeper model (6), and a rail model (7). The track bed (5) is built on the roadbed model (8), and the sleeper model (6) and the rail model (7) are built on the track bed (5) in sequence.

4. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The water supply module includes a constant pressure water tank (12), which is fixed on the top of the frame (15). A conveying pipe is installed at the output end of the constant pressure water tank (12), which is connected to the water injection module. An electromagnetic seepage control valve and a filter are connected in series on the conveying pipe. A humidity sensor is installed inside the roadbed model (8). The electromagnetic seepage control valve and the humidity sensor are both connected to the terminal system.

5. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The water injection module includes a water injection pipe (14), which is provided in several groups. The water injection pipe (14) is vertically inserted into the roadbed model (8). The water injection pipe (14) is connected to the conveying pipeline. The water injection pipe (14) has several immersion holes arranged in an array. The interval between adjacent immersion holes is 2 cm. A drain pipe is installed on the drain hole to accelerate water circulation. The drain pipe is connected to a vacuum pump. A breathable isolation membrane is installed on the drain pipe to prevent soil from entering the drain pipe.

6. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The train model includes a mobile trolley (1), which is slidably connected to the rail model (7), and the vibration module is installed on the mobile trolley (1); The vibration module includes an exciter (2).

7. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The power assembly includes a movable slide rail (9), which is fixed on the bracket (11). A movable electric hoist (10) is installed on the movable slide rail (9), and the movable electric hoist (10) and the movable trolley (1) are connected by a chain (4) for transmission.

8. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition system includes a laser displacement meter (13) and a dynamic signal analyzer. The laser displacement meter (13) is installed on the top of the frame (15) and is connected to the dynamic signal analyzer.

9. The model experimental apparatus for simulating subgrade structure deformation under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing ring is provided on the wiring groove.

10. The model experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of roadbed structure under the coupled action of collapse and train load as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a high-speed camera, which is mounted on the frame (15).

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