A phase change nanocomposite separator structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of phase-change nanometer composite material spacer structure, it is related to composite material spacer technical field, including main body frame, inner frame groove is opened in main body frame inner wall perimeter side, phase-change thermal insulation material core is fixedly connected in inner frame groove middle part, phase-change thermal insulation material core two ends are symmetrically equipped with intermediate layer frame body, intermediate layer frame body outer surface is attached with surface layer sheet, phase-change thermal insulation material core and intermediate layer frame body and surface layer sheet combination adaptation fixed connection in inner frame groove;The utility model is through the cooperation of phase-change nanometer material layer and nanometer heat-insulating material layer on the outer surface of phase-change thermal insulation material core, phase-change nanometer material layer absorbs heat runaway heat, nanometer heat-insulating material layer blocks high temperature, it is convenient to simultaneously realize heat consumption and high temperature blockage;Solve the problem that existing spacer uses single heat-insulating material high temperature easy failure, cannot consume heat and causes delay heat runaway, improve the security and comprehensiveness of lithium battery package protection, meet the safety requirement of "completely not fire, not explosion".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of composite material separator technology, and in particular to a phase change nanocomposite material separator structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the lithium battery industry, power lithium batteries and energy storage lithium batteries are increasingly widely used in new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations and other fields. Their safety issues have also become a core focus of industry attention. Because of their high energy density, lithium batteries will rapidly release a large amount of heat once thermal runaway occurs. The highest thermal runaway temperature of high-nickel ternary and semi-solid batteries can reach 1200℃~1300℃. At the same time, they will also release toxic gases and be accompanied by flames. The electrochemical reaction is difficult to extinguish. If there is no effective protection, the fire will spread rapidly from a single cell to the entire battery pack, which will not only damage the equipment, but may also cause personal injury accidents. Therefore, a separator structure is needed to wrap and protect the lithium battery to block the thermal runaway propagation path and improve the safety performance of the battery pack. Existing separators are mostly made of a single heat-insulating material, such as silicone foam or ordinary aerogel. They can only block heat by relying on the physical properties of the material itself. When faced with extreme high temperatures of 1200℃~1300℃, the thermal resistance is prone to a sharp drop or even failure, and they cannot continuously block heat transfer. Moreover, simple heat insulation cannot dissipate the heat generated by thermal runaway. This heat will accumulate in the battery pack, causing delayed thermal runaway in adjacent cells, which still poses a risk of secondary accidents and does not meet the safety requirements of "completely preventing fire and explosion". Therefore, improvements are needed to address the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a phase change nanocomposite material separator structure.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a phase change nanocomposite material separator structure, comprising a main frame, an inner frame groove on the inner wall of the main frame, a phase change heat insulation material core fixedly connected to the middle of the inner frame groove, intermediate layer frames symmetrically provided at both ends of the phase change heat insulation material core, an opening on the outer surface of the intermediate layer frames and a surface sheet attached thereto, and the phase change heat insulation material core, the intermediate layer frames and the surface sheet being properly fitted and fixedly connected in the inner frame groove.

[0005] Preferably, the inner bottom surface of the intermediate layer frame is provided with a substrate.

[0006] Preferably, the top surface of the substrate has a plurality of rod grooves evenly distributed, and a rod is provided in the rod groove. The rod is hollow inside and contains flame-retardant material.

[0007] Preferably, a partition plate is provided in the middle of the inner wall of the intermediate layer frame. The top surface of the partition plate is evenly provided with a plurality of rectangular through slots that connect to the bottom surface of the partition plate. Each row of rectangular through slots is provided with a fiber strip at the upper end, which is fixed to the inner wall of the intermediate layer frame at both ends. The upper end of the rectangular through slot is provided with an elastic baffle that is formed into an arc by the fiber strip. The two ends of the elastic baffle are fixed to both sides of the rectangular through slot.

[0008] Preferably, a release paper is provided at one edge of the surface sheet.

[0009] Preferably, the outer surface of the phase change thermal insulation core is coated with a phase change nanomaterial layer and a nano-thermal insulation material layer. The phase change nanomaterial layer is composed of nanoporous materials, phase change materials and high-temperature resistant fiber substrates. The nano-thermal insulation material layer is composed of reinforcing fibers, light-shielding materials and nanoporous materials.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the combination of a phase change nanomaterial layer and a nano-insulation material layer on the outer surface of the phase change insulation core. The phase change nanomaterial layer absorbs heat from thermal runaway, while the nano-insulation material layer blocks high temperatures, facilitating simultaneous heat dissipation and high-temperature blocking, thus improving the continuous protection effect under extreme high temperatures. This enables the invention to prevent heat propagation at temperatures ranging from 1200℃ to 1300℃. Furthermore, the combination of the rod and flame-retardant material allows the rod to melt and expand at high temperatures, releasing the internal flame-retardant material. This facilitates the rapid release of flame-retardant substances during thermal runaway, improving the insulation performance. The active flame-retardant effect enables the suppression of flame spread. Then, through the combination of fiber strips, elastic baffles, and rectangular slots, the high temperature causes the fiber strips to melt, and the elastic baffles, after being released from their limiting position, adhere to and seal the rectangular slots. This facilitates the blocking of heat and flame transfer through the rectangular slots, improving the sealing and protection of the separator, and further blocking the path of thermal runaway. This solves the problem that existing separators using a single heat-insulating material are prone to failure at high temperatures and cannot dissipate heat, leading to delayed thermal runaway. It improves the safety and comprehensiveness of lithium battery enclosure protection, meeting the safety requirements of "completely non-flammable and non-explosive". Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a first-view schematic diagram of the overall structure proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a first-view schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the intermediate layer frame proposed in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a second-view schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the intermediate layer frame proposed in this utility model.

[0012] The numbers in the diagram are: 1. Main frame; 2. Release paper; 3. Surface sheet; 4. Inner frame groove; 5. Middle layer frame; 6. Phase change insulation core; 7. Elastic baffle; 8. Fiber strip; 9. Base sheet; 10. Rod groove; 11. Rod body. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0014] Example: See Figures 1 to 4 This utility model discloses a phase change nanocomposite material separator structure, comprising a main frame 1, an inner frame groove 4 formed on the inner wall of the main frame 1, a phase change heat insulation core 6 fixedly connected to the center of the inner frame groove 4, and intermediate layer frames 5 symmetrically arranged at both ends of the phase change heat insulation core 6. The outer surface of the intermediate layer frames 5 is open and covered with a surface sheet 3. The phase change heat insulation core 6, the intermediate layer frames 5, and the surface sheet 3 are properly fitted and fixedly connected in the inner frame groove 4. The main frame 1 is made of Q235 carbon steel, with high structural strength, and can stably bear the weight of each component. The inner frame groove 4 can accurately position the phase change heat insulation core 6 and the intermediate layer frames 5 to prevent component displacement. The phase change heat insulation core 6 is the core heat insulation component, and the surface sheet 3 can achieve tight adhesion between the separator and the lithium battery. The above components together form the basic framework of the device, providing stable support for the subsequent active flame retardant and sealing protection functions, and ensuring the overall protective reliability of the separator. A substrate 9 is provided on the inner bottom surface of the intermediate layer frames 5. The substrate 9 is made of epoxy resin. The plate material has good insulation and high temperature resistance, providing stable support for the intermediate layer frame 5 while avoiding electrical interference with the lithium battery. The substrate 9 enhances the structural rigidity of the intermediate layer frame 5, preventing deformation during installation or use and ensuring accurate installation of internal components. These features effectively enhance the structural stability of the intermediate layer, providing a reliable foundation for the installation of the rods 11. Multiple rod grooves 10 are evenly distributed on the top surface of the substrate 9, each containing a rod 11. The rod 11 is hollow and contains flame-retardant material. The rod 11 is made of polyvinyl butyral, which melts and expands easily when heated, quickly releasing the internal flame-retardant material. The flame-retardant material uses magnesium hydroxide flame retardant, offering good flame-retardant performance and being environmentally friendly, effectively suppressing flame spread. The rod grooves 10 position the rods 11, ensuring their even distribution. These features enable the separator to have active flame-retardant capabilities during thermal runaway, delaying fire spread and improving safety.

[0015] In this utility model, a partition plate is provided in the middle of the inner wall of the intermediate frame 5. Multiple rectangular slots are evenly distributed on the top surface of the partition plate, connecting to the bottom surface of the partition plate. Each row of rectangular slots has a fiber strip 8 at its upper end, with both ends fixed to the inner wall of the intermediate frame 5. An elastic baffle 7, formed by the fiber strip 8, is provided at the upper end of the rectangular slot, with both ends fixed to the sides of the rectangular slot. The partition plate is made of fiberglass board, which is heat-resistant and high-strength, and can separate the internal space of the intermediate frame 5. The fiber strip 8 is made of nylon fiber, which is easily melted at high temperatures, allowing for precise triggering of the elastic baffle 7. The elastic baffle 7 is made of... Made of spring steel, it has good elasticity and can tightly fit the rectangular channel after the limit is released. This achieves automatic sealing of the rectangular channel in the event of thermal runaway, blocking the diffusion of heat and toxic gases, further improving the protective function. Release paper 2 is provided at one edge of the surface sheet 3. The surface sheet 3 is made of polyimide film, which is high-temperature resistant and has good insulation, allowing it to tightly adhere to the lithium battery surface. The release paper 2 is made of silicone paper, which is easy to peel off and protects the adhesive surface of the surface sheet 3 from contamination during storage and transportation. These features improve the ease of installation of the separator, ensuring a tight fit between the surface sheet 3 and the lithium battery during installation and preventing gaps. Affecting the protective effect; the outer surface of the phase change insulation core 6 is coated with a phase change nanomaterial layer and a nano-insulation material layer. The phase change nanomaterial layer is composed of nanoporous materials, phase change materials, and high-temperature resistant fiber substrates. The nano-insulation material layer is composed of reinforcing fibers, light-shielding materials, and nanoporous materials. The phase change material in the phase change nanomaterial layer is ammonium salt, hydrated salt, or a mixture of the two. In special scenarios, the ammonium salt is adsorbed with nanoporous materials such as fumed silica, fumed alumina, or a mixture of the two, and then used after drying. It has a large latent heat of phase change and can effectively absorb the heat of thermal runaway. The high-temperature resistant fiber substrate is made of high-silica fiber. The nano-insulation material layer enhances the high-temperature resistance and structural stability of the material layer. The nanoporous material in the nano-insulation material layer uses fumed silica, fumed alumina, or a mixture of the two, which has low thermal conductivity and can effectively block high temperatures. The light-shielding material uses silicon carbide, titanium dioxide, or a mixture of the two, which can reduce heat radiation transfer. The reinforcing fiber uses a mixture of glass fiber and high-silica fiber to further improve the structural strength and deformation resistance of the nano-insulation material layer. Through the above, multiple protections of heat absorption, heat insulation, and radiation blocking are achieved, stably coping with extreme high temperatures of 1200℃~1300℃, and solving the problem of high-temperature failure of existing partitions.

[0016] Working principle: When this utility model is used, if the lithium battery experiences thermal runaway and releases a large amount of heat, firstly, the phase change nanomaterial layer on the outer surface of the phase change insulation core 6 preferentially contacts the heat and absorbs some of the heat through the phase change reaction, slowing down the heat transfer to the interior of the separator and adjacent cells; the unabsorbed high temperature is blocked by the outer nano-insulation material layer, preventing the high temperature from directly breaking through the basic protection of the separator; secondly, as the temperature continues to rise, the rod 11 melts and expands, and the flame retardant material encapsulated inside is released, quickly covering the surface of the lithium battery and the gaps inside the separator, inhibiting the generation and spread of flames, forming active flame retardant protection; then, the high temperature further melts the fiber strips 8 in the intermediate frame 5, and the elastic baffle 7 naturally unfolds after losing its restraint, tightly adhering to the rectangular through groove surface of the separator plate, completely sealing the rectangular through groove, blocking the spread of heat, flames and toxic gases through the through groove, forming the last sealed protective barrier; at this point, the device is in use.

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A phase change nanocomposite material septum structure, comprising a main frame (1), characterized in that: The inner wall of the main frame (1) has an inner frame groove (4) on its periphery. A phase change heat insulation core (6) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner frame groove (4). The two ends of the phase change heat insulation core (6) are symmetrically provided with intermediate layer frames (5). The outer surface of the intermediate layer frames (5) is open and a surface sheet (3) is attached. The phase change heat insulation core (6), the intermediate layer frames (5) and the surface sheet (3) are properly matched and fixedly connected in the inner frame groove (4).

2. The phase change nanocomposite material separator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bottom surface of the intermediate frame (5) is provided with a substrate (9).

3. The phase change nanocomposite material separator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The substrate (9) has a plurality of rod grooves (10) evenly opened on its top surface. A rod body (11) is provided in the rod groove (10). The rod body (11) is hollow inside and contains flame retardant material.

4. The phase change nanocomposite material separator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle layer frame (5) has a partition plate in the middle of its inner wall. The top surface of the partition plate has a plurality of rectangular through slots that connect to the bottom surface of the partition plate. Each row of rectangular through slots has a fiber strip (8) at the top end that is fixed to the inner wall of the middle layer frame (5) at both ends. The upper end of the rectangular through slot has an elastic baffle (7) that is limited by the fiber strip (8) to form an arc shape. The two ends of the elastic baffle (7) are fixed to both sides of the rectangular through slot.

5. The phase change nanocomposite material separator structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Release paper (2) is provided at one edge of the surface sheet (3).

6. The phase change nanocomposite material separator structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer surface of the phase change heat insulation core (6) is coated with a phase change nanomaterial layer and a nano heat insulation material layer. The phase change nanomaterial layer is composed of nanoporous material, phase change material and high temperature resistant fiber substrate. The nano heat insulation material layer is composed of reinforcing fiber, light-shielding material and nanoporous material.

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