Battery, battery pack, and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of battery, battery pack and vehicle, battery includes: shell, battery cell component and elastic component.Battery cell component is located in shell, battery cell component includes multiple battery cell, multiple battery cell is arranged along first direction;Elastic component is located between battery cell component and shell, at least one side of the two sides of battery cell component along first direction is equipped with elastic component, along first direction, elastic component applies constraint force towards battery cell component to battery cell component.According to the battery of the utility model, battery can improve charge-discharge performance, and improve its reliability and safety, prolong the service life of battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a battery, a battery pack, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, batteries such as solid-state batteries experience cell expansion during charge-discharge cycles. This expansion leads to poorer contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte, increasing ion transport resistance and thus reducing battery performance. The continuous volume expansion of the cells also puts pressure on the battery casing and packaging structure, potentially causing casing rupture, seal failure, and even safety issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a battery that can improve charge and discharge performance, enhance its reliability and safety, and extend its service life.

[0004] This utility model also proposes a battery pack, which includes the battery described above.

[0005] This utility model also proposes a vehicle that includes the aforementioned battery pack.

[0006] A battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a housing, a cell assembly, and an elastic component. The cell assembly is disposed within the housing and includes a plurality of cells arranged along a first direction. The elastic component is disposed between the cell assembly and the housing, and is provided on at least one side of the cell assembly along the first direction. Along the first direction, the elastic component applies a constraint force toward the cell assembly.

[0007] According to the battery of this utility model embodiment, by disposing an elastic component between the cell assembly and the casing, and by providing the elastic component on at least one side of the cell assembly along a first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly to the elastic component, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell can be brought into close contact, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery. The elastic component also provides space for the expansion of the cell assembly and can effectively absorb external shocks and vibrations, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery and extending its service life. Furthermore, it simplifies the assembly process, improves production efficiency, and reduces costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic component includes an elastic structure, one end of which abuts or connects to the battery cell assembly along the first direction, and the other end abuts or connects to the housing.

[0009] In some embodiments of this utility model, in the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly along the first direction has not changed, the angle between the end of the elastic structure near the battery cell assembly and the battery cell assembly is φ, and satisfies 0° < φ < 90°.

[0010] In some embodiments of this utility model, the elastic structure is curved.

[0011] In some embodiments of this utility model, the number of elastic components is n, and in the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly along the first direction has not changed, the length of the battery cell assembly along the first direction is a, the length of the elastic structure along the first direction is b, and satisfies: 5%≤n×b / a≤15%.

[0012] In some embodiments of this utility model, the elastic component further includes a constraint plate, which is disposed between the elastic structure and the battery cell assembly, and the end of the elastic structure facing away from the housing is connected to or abuts against the constraint plate.

[0013] In some embodiments of this utility model, the projections of the constraint plate and the battery cell completely overlap on a plane perpendicular to the first direction.

[0014] In some embodiments of this utility model, the constraint plate and the elastic structure are an integral part.

[0015] In some embodiments of this invention, the elastic structure may be one or more.

[0016] In some embodiments of this utility model, there are multiple elastic structures, and the number of elastic structures is even. The multiple elastic structures are symmetrically arranged about the central plane of the battery cell assembly that is parallel to the first direction.

[0017] In some embodiments of this utility model, in the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly along the first direction has not changed, the two mutually symmetrical elastic structures are curved shapes that bulge toward directions away from each other.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the elastic component is a metal elastic element.

[0019] In some embodiments of this invention, the battery is a solid-state battery.

[0020] The battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the battery described above.

[0021] According to the battery pack of this utility model embodiment, by disposing an elastic component between the cell assembly and the casing, and by providing the elastic component on at least one side of the cell assembly along a first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly to the elastic component, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell can be brought into close contact, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery and the battery pack. The elastic component also provides space for the expansion of the cell assembly and can effectively absorb external shocks and vibrations, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery and the battery pack, and extending their service life. Furthermore, it simplifies the assembly process, improves production efficiency, and reduces costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery and the battery pack.

[0022] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the battery pack described above.

[0023] According to the vehicle embodiment of this utility model, by disposing an elastic component between the cell assembly and the housing, and providing the elastic component on at least one side of the cell assembly along a first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly to the elastic component, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell can be brought into close contact, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery and battery pack. The elastic component also provides space for the expansion of the cell assembly and can effectively absorb external shocks and vibrations, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery pack and the vehicle, and extending the service life of the battery and battery pack. Furthermore, it can simplify the assembly process, improve production efficiency and reduce costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery and battery pack.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cell assembly is in an initial state in which the thickness along the first direction has not changed; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cell assembly is in an expanded state with increasing thickness along a first direction. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic component of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a diagram showing the relationship between the compression amount and the support reaction force of the elastic component of the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure label: 100. Battery; 1. Shell; 2. Battery cell assembly; 21. Battery cell; 3. Elastic component; 31. Elastic structure; 32. Constraint plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] The following is for reference. Figures 1-5 A battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present utility model is described.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, a cell assembly 2, and an elastic assembly 3.

[0031] Specifically, the battery cell assembly 2 is disposed within the housing 1, and the battery cell assembly 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 21 arranged along a first direction. An elastic component 3 is disposed between the battery cell assembly 2 and the housing 1, and at least one side of the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction is provided with the elastic component 3. Along the first direction, the elastic component 3 applies a constraint force toward the battery cell assembly 2.

[0032] The battery 100 can specifically be a solid-state battery, such as a polymer solid-state battery, an oxide solid-state battery, or a sulfide solid-state battery. During charging and discharging, the cell 21 of the battery 100 expands; that is, the thickness of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction changes depending on the state of charge. At least one side of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction is provided with an elastic component 3. The elastic component 3 has good elasticity and buffering performance, providing constraint force on the cells 21 in the direction of their stacking arrangement. This allows for close contact between the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21, reducing the ion transport resistance within the cell 21 and thus improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery 100.

[0033] Especially when the battery 100 is a solid-state battery, solid-state batteries require a large constraint force, typically between 0.5MPa and 50MPa. Different types of solid-state batteries have different constraint force requirements. The greater the constraint force applied to the cell assembly 2, the better the discharge performance of the cell 21 when the charge is low, and the greater the discharge capacity of the cell 21.

[0034] The elastic component 3 can also reserve space for the expansion of the cell assembly 2, avoiding deformation or damage to the casing 1 due to excessive expansion force of the cell assembly 2. It can also effectively absorb external impacts and vibrations of the battery 100, protecting the cell assembly 2 from mechanical damage, thereby improving the structural stability, reliability and safety of the battery 100, and helping to extend the service life of the battery 100.

[0035] Compared to existing methods that sandwich foam between every two cells, arranging the elastic component 3 only between the cell assembly 2 and the casing 1 reduces the number of elastic parts such as foam, significantly reducing material usage and cost. This simplifies the assembly process, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. Since there is no need to fill the spaces between every two cells 21 with elastic parts such as foam, the spacing between cells 21 can be reduced, allowing for a more compact arrangement and thus increasing the overall energy density of the battery 100. Furthermore, the absence of elastic parts such as foam between cells 21 facilitates the direct placement of heat conduction paths such as liquid cooling plates and thermally conductive adhesives between cells 21, improving heat transfer efficiency and reducing the risk of thermal runaway in the battery 100.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery 100, by disposing of an elastic component 3 between the cell assembly 2 and the casing 1, and by providing the elastic component 3 on at least one side of the cell assembly 2 along a first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly 2 to the elastic component 3, allows the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21 to be in close contact, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100. The elastic component 3 also provides space for the expansion of the cell assembly 2 and can effectively absorb external impacts and vibrations of the battery 100, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery 100 and extending its service life. Furthermore, it simplifies the assembly process, improves production efficiency, and reduces costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery 100.

[0037] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the elastic component 3 includes an elastic structure 31. Along the first direction, one end of the elastic structure 31 abuts or connects to the battery cell assembly 2, and the other end abuts or connects to the housing 1. The elastic component 3 is capable of elastic deformation when subjected to pressure and returning to its original shape after the pressure is unloaded, thus achieving the elasticity and buffering performance of the elastic component 3.

[0038] When the cell 21 expands, the elastic component 3 is subjected to pressure from the cell component 2 along the first direction. The elastic structure 31 will bend and deform and store energy in the elastic deformation of its material. It can provide a constraint force on the cell 21 in the first direction, so that the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte inside the cell 21 are in close contact, thereby improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery 100.

[0039] When subjected to pressure generated by the expansion of the cell 21 or external impact pressure on the battery 100, the elastic structure 31 releases energy through elastic recovery, thus achieving buffering and energy absorption, thereby improving the structural stability, reliability and safety of the battery 100, and helping to extend the service life of the battery 100.

[0040] Preferably, the elastic structure 31 is a leaf spring, which ensures the function of the elastic component 3 while having a low cost, simple structure and easy implementation.

[0041] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 does not change along the first direction, the angle between the end of the elastic structure 31 near the battery cell assembly 2 and the battery cell assembly 2 is φ, and satisfies 0° < φ < 90°. In the cross-section perpendicular to the second direction, the elastic structure 31 is curved.

[0042] It should be noted that the initial state in which the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 does not change along the first direction is the state in which the battery cell 21 in the battery cell assembly 2 does not expand at all.

[0043] The angle between the end of the elastic structure 31 near the battery cell assembly 2 and the battery cell assembly 2 is φ, and satisfies 0°<φ<90°. This can be understood as the angle between the tangent of the end of the elastic structure 31 near the battery cell assembly 2 and the battery cell assembly 2 being φ, and the angle φ being an acute angle.

[0044] In the prior art, as the battery cell expands, the constraint pressure provided by the spring structure or the elastic material filling the gaps between the battery cells increases roughly linearly. The expansion of the battery cell caused by the high charge state will cause the constraint pressure to increase sharply, which will exacerbate the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery cell and increase the structural strength requirements of the constraint structure such as the spring structure or the elastic material filling the gaps between the battery cells.

[0045] In this application, when the battery cell 21 expands, the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases, and the elastic structure 31 is compressed and deformed. Since the angle φ between the end of the elastic structure 31 near the battery cell assembly 2 and the battery cell assembly 2 is an acute angle rather than a right angle, as the battery cell assembly 2 compresses the elastic structure 31, the angle φ will decrease accordingly. For example, the elastic structure 31 will... Figure 2 The state transformation is Figure 3 In this state, although the compressive force of the elastic structure 31 increases, that is, the pressure exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 increases, the constraint force from the elastic structure 31 in the first direction on the battery cell assembly 2 does not increase linearly because the angle φ between the elastic structure 31 and the battery cell assembly 2 decreases. Furthermore, the greater the deformation of the elastic structure 31, the smaller the growth rate of the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 in the first direction.

[0046] By selecting appropriate structural parameters for the elastic structure 31, the constraint force required by the elastic component 3 on the battery cell assembly 2 can be guaranteed during expansion and contraction. Simultaneously, the change in the constraint force applied by the elastic structure 31 to the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction is relatively small. Therefore, the upper limit of the increase in constraint force caused by the expansion of the battery cell 21 is also reduced. This lowers the strength requirement of the elastic component 3 and effectively prevents self-discharge of the battery cell 21 when it has a high charge. The structure is simple, easy to implement, and has a low cost.

[0047] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4As shown, the elastic structure 31 is curved. When the cell 21 expands, the thickness of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases. After being compressed, the elastic structure 31 deforms along the convex direction of the curve, reserving space for the expansion of the cell assembly 2. This prevents the casing 1 from deforming or being damaged due to excessive expansion force of the cell assembly 2. It can also effectively absorb external impacts and vibrations of the battery 100, protecting the cell assembly 2 from mechanical damage, thereby improving the structural stability, reliability, and safety of the battery 100 and extending its service life. Furthermore, it provides constraint force to the cells 21 in the direction of their stacking arrangement. This allows the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte inside the cell 21 to be in close contact, reducing the ion transport resistance within the cell 21 and thus improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100.

[0048] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the number of elastic components 3 is n. In the initial state where the thickness of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction has not changed, the length of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction is a, and the length of the elastic structure 31 along the first direction is b, and the following conditions are met: 5%≤n×b / a≤15%.

[0049] The battery 100 can be a solid-state battery, and the multiple cells 21 in the cell assembly 2 can be solid-state cells. Solid-state cells require a certain amount of restraint pressure to ensure sufficient contact between the solid electrolyte and the positive and negative electrodes, thereby reducing internal resistance and improving the discharge performance of the battery 100.

[0050] Because solid-state cells expand and contract with different states of charge (SOC), and different solid-state battery systems expand differently with SOC, the length of the elastic structure 31 along the first direction is related to the length of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction. That is, the length of the elastic structure 31 along the first direction is related to the maximum expansion of the cell assembly 2 in the first direction.

[0051] If the total length of the elastic structure along the first direction is too small, it cannot effectively absorb the expansion of the battery cell assembly; if the total length of the elastic structure along the first direction is too large, the elastic structure occupies too much space inside the casing, resulting in insufficient battery cells to be placed, affecting the battery's capacity and energy density.

[0052] Ensuring that 5% ≤ n×b / a ≤ 15% guarantees that the elastic structure 31 provides constraint force to the cell 21 in the first direction, ensuring close contact between the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100. When the cell 21 expands, the elastic structure 31 can buffer and absorb energy, absorbing the expansion of the cell assembly 2, thereby improving the structural stability, reliability, and safety of the battery 100, and helping to extend the service life of the battery 100. Moreover, the size of the elastic structure 31 is moderate, and it will not occupy too much space inside the casing 1, thus ensuring the charge and energy density of the battery 100.

[0053] For example, n×b / a can specifically be 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.

[0054] It should be noted that the initial state in which the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 does not change along the first direction is the state in which the battery cell 21 in the battery cell assembly 2 does not expand at all.

[0055] refer to Figure 2 As shown in the example, the cell 21 has not expanded at this time, the total length of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction is a, and the cell assembly 2 is provided with elastic components 3 on both sides along the first direction, that is, the number of elastic components 3 is 2, and the length of the elastic structure 31 along the first direction is b, which satisfies: 5%≤2×b / a≤15%.

[0056] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the elastic component 3 also includes a constraint plate 32, which is disposed between the elastic structure 31 and the cell assembly 2. The end of the elastic structure 31 facing away from the housing 1 is connected to or abuts against the constraint plate 32. The constraint plate 32 is plate-shaped, and its side surface along the first direction is attached to or connected to the cell assembly 2. When the cell 21 expands, the elastic structure 31 compresses and exerts a force on the constraint plate 32. The constraint plate 32 then exerts a constraint force along the first direction on the cell assembly 2. The constraint plate 32 can increase the contact area between the elastic component 3 and the cell assembly 2. Therefore, the constraint plate 32 can apply the constraint force in the first direction to the cell assembly 2 more evenly, thereby reducing the local stress of the cell assembly 2. It can also make the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte inside the cell 21 more evenly and tightly contacted, further improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100, thereby improving the structural stability, reliability and safety of the battery 100 and extending the service life of the battery 100.

[0057] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 1As shown, the projections of the constraint plate 32 and the battery cell 21 completely overlap on a plane perpendicular to the first direction. The constraint plate 32 and the battery cell 21 have the same shape and size; that is, along the first direction, the side surface of the constraint plate 32 has the same shape and size as the side surface of the battery cell assembly 2 and fits perfectly. This maximizes the contact area between the elastic component 3 and the battery cell assembly 2, allowing the constraint plate 32 to apply the constraint force in the first direction to the battery cell assembly 2 more evenly, thereby reducing local stress in the battery cell assembly 2. It also allows for more comprehensive and uniform contact between the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the battery cell 21, further improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100, thereby enhancing the structural stability, reliability, and safety of the battery 100 and extending its service life.

[0058] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 4 As shown, the constraint plate 32 and the elastic structure 31 are integrated, which can improve the connection stability between the constraint plate 32 and the elastic structure 31 and enhance the structural strength of the elastic component 3. Furthermore, the integrated processing is convenient and quick, simplifying the assembly process and steps of the elastic component 3 and the battery 100, thereby improving the production efficiency of the battery 100.

[0059] In some embodiments of this utility model, there are one or more elastic structures 31. Specifically, each elastic component 3 may be provided with one, two, three, four, or other elastic structures 31. This application does not specifically limit the number of elastic structures 31. Providing multiple elastic structures 31 can improve the constraint effect of the elastic component 3 on the cell component 2, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100. However, too many elastic structures will also increase the cost and assembly difficulty. The specific number of elastic structures 31 can be selected according to the specific implementation situation.

[0060] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, there are multiple, even-numbered, elastic structures 31, symmetrically arranged about the central plane of the cell assembly 2 parallel to the first direction. When the cell 21 expands, the thickness of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases, and the multiple elastic structures 31 are compressed and deformed, generating a constraint force on the cell assembly 2. The symmetrically arranged even-numbered elastic structures 31 can cancel out the constraint force perpendicular to the first direction, so that the elastic structures 31 only generate a constraint force on the cell assembly 2 along the first direction. This allows the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte inside the cell 21 to be in close contact, reducing the ion transport resistance inside the cell 21, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100.

[0061] As the cell 21 continues to expand, the pressure exerted by the multiple elastic structures 31 on the cell assembly 2 increases. However, since the angle φ between the elastic structure 31 and the cell assembly 2 decreases, the constraint force perpendicular to the first direction exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the cell assembly 2 increases. However, the symmetrical arrangement of an even number of elastic structures 31 can cancel out the increased constraint force perpendicular to the first direction, so that the cell assembly 2 only bears the constraint force from the elastic structure 31 in the first direction, and the constraint force does not increase linearly. Furthermore, the greater the deformation of the elastic structure 31, the smaller the growth rate of the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the cell assembly 2 along the first direction, thus avoiding the self-discharge phenomenon of the cell 21 when it has a high charge.

[0062] Specifically, such as Figure 1 In the example shown, multiple elastic structures 31 are symmetrically arranged about the center plane of the cell assembly 2, which is parallel to the first and second directions, i.e., the multiple elastic structures 31 are spaced apart along the third direction; multiple elastic structures 31 are symmetrically arranged about the center plane of the cell assembly 2, which is parallel to the first and third directions, i.e., the multiple elastic structures 31 are spaced apart along the second direction. The first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0063] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction remains unchanged, the two mutually symmetrical elastic structures 31 are curved shapes bulging in the direction away from each other. When the battery cell 21 expands, the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases, and the multiple elastic structures 31 are compressed and deformed under force, bulging in the direction away from each other. This can prevent the mutually symmetrical elastic components 3 from colliding and interfering with each other during deformation, thus ensuring the constraint effect of the elastic components 3 on the battery cell assembly 2.

[0064] In some embodiments of this utility model, the elastic component 3 is a metallic elastic element. Specifically, the elastic component 3 can be spring steel or other metallic materials, which, while ensuring elastic performance and elastic recovery capability, also possess high tensile strength, yield strength, and fatigue strength, thus contributing to a longer service life.

[0065] In some embodiments, the elastic component 3 is a non-metallic elastic element that, while ensuring elastic performance and elastic recovery capability, also has good insulation and corrosion resistance.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, the elastic component 3 includes an elastic structure 31 and a constraint plate 32. The constraint plate 32 is disposed between the elastic structure 31 and the battery cell assembly 2. Along a first direction, one end of the elastic structure 31 abuts against or connects to the constraint plate 32, and the other end abuts against or connects to the housing 1. In the initial state where the thickness of the battery cell assembly 2 does not change along the first direction, the angle between the end of the elastic structure 31 near the battery cell assembly 2 and the battery cell assembly 2 is φ, and satisfies 0° < φ < 90°.

[0067] Compared to filling multiple cells with elastic material or using a spring structure, this application can effectively absorb the expansion problem of the cell 21 caused by changes in state of charge and longer usage time, without causing a sharp linear increase in the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the cell assembly 2 along the first direction.

[0068] Compared to using a spring structure, the rate of increase of the constraint force applied by the elastic structure 31 to the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction is smaller, which reduces the strength requirements of the elastic component 3 and also alleviates the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery cell 21 when it has a high charge.

[0069] Compared to filling the spaces between multiple battery cells with elastic materials, which is less efficient due to the smaller space between cells and greater cell expansion, only organic elastic materials can be used. However, organic elastic materials suffer from drawbacks such as aging and creep. For power batteries with longer lifespans, the elastic component 3 proposed in this application can use metallic materials, preferably spring steel, which has high fatigue strength and is free from creep and aging problems.

[0070] Compared to other hydraulic, pneumatic, or voltage-driven methods that provide constraint pressure for battery cell components, the elastic component 3 proposed in this application has lower cost, simpler structure, and is easier to implement, making it highly practical.

[0071] The following describes a specific experimental result, such as Figure 5 In the example shown, it is assumed that the compression deformation range of the elastic structure 31 is 0mm-10mm. The elastic structure 31 is in the high stiffness region in the compression range of 0mm-1mm. In the first 10% compression deformation state of the elastic structure 31, the constraint force applied by the elastic structure 31 to the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases from 0kN to 13.5kN. The average stiffness of the elastic structure 31 in the high stiffness region is 13.5kN / mm.

[0072] The elastic structure 31 is in a low stiffness region in the range of 1mm-10mm of compression. In the 90% compression deformation state after the elastic structure 31, the constraint force applied by the elastic structure 31 to the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction increases by 6.5kN. The average stiffness of the elastic structure 31 in the low stiffness region is 0.7kN / mm, which is about 19 times the average stiffness of the elastic structure 31 in the high stiffness region.

[0073] The following variation patterns can be observed between the compressive force and the amount of compression of the elastic structure 31: 1. As the amount of compression of the elastic structure 31 increases, the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction gradually increases; 2. As the amount of compression of the elastic structure 31 increases, the rate of increase of the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction gradually decreases, that is, the stiffness of the elastic structure 31 gradually decreases.

[0074] In practical implementation, when the elastic structure 31 deforms in the high stiffness region, the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction reaches the constraint pressure required by the battery cell 21. When the battery cell 21 expands slightly, and the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction reaches the constraint force required by the battery cell 21, the elastic structure 31 will be in the low stiffness region. This allows space to be reserved for the expansion of the battery cell assembly 2. As the battery cell 21 expands and the compression continues to increase, the constraint force exerted by the elastic structure 31 on the battery cell assembly 2 along the first direction will not increase much, that is, it remains roughly stable. This can effectively avoid the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery cell 21 when it has a high charge.

[0075] In some embodiments of this invention, the battery 100 is a solid-state battery, specifically a polymer solid-state battery, an oxide solid-state battery, or a sulfide solid-state battery. During charging and discharging, the battery cell 21 expands; that is, the thickness of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction changes depending on the state of charge. The elastic component 3 has good elasticity and buffering performance, providing space for the cell assembly 21 when it expands, and also providing constraint on the cells 21 in the direction of their stacking. This allows the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21 to be in close contact, reducing the ion transport resistance within the cell 21 and thus improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery 100.

[0076] The following describes a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] The battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the battery described above.

[0078] According to the battery pack of this utility model embodiment, by disposing of an elastic component 3 between the cell assembly 2 and the housing 1, and by providing the elastic component 3 on at least one side of the cell assembly 2 along the first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly 2 to the elastic component 3, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21 can be brought into close contact, thereby improving the charge and discharge performance of the battery 100 and the battery pack. The elastic component 3 can also reserve space for the expansion of the cell assembly 2 and can effectively absorb external impacts and vibrations of the battery 100, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery 100 and the battery pack, and extending the service life of the battery 100 and the battery pack. In addition, it can simplify the assembly process, improve production efficiency and reduce costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery 100 and the battery pack.

[0079] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

[0080] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the battery pack described above.

[0081] According to the vehicle of this utility model embodiment, by disposing an elastic component 3 between the cell assembly 2 and the housing 1, and by providing the elastic component 3 on at least one side of the cell assembly 2 along a first direction, and by applying a constraint force toward the cell assembly 2 to the elastic component 3, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte inside the cell 21 can be brought into close contact, thereby improving the charging and discharging performance of the battery 100 and the battery pack. The elastic component 3 can also reserve space for the expansion of the cell assembly 2 and can effectively absorb external shocks and vibrations of the battery 100, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery pack and the vehicle, and extending the service life of the battery 100 and the battery pack. In addition, it can simplify the assembly process, improve production efficiency and reduce costs, while also increasing the overall energy density of the battery 100 and the battery pack.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery, characterized in that, include: Shell (1), A battery cell assembly (2) is disposed within the housing (1), and the battery cell assembly (2) includes a plurality of battery cells (21), which are arranged along a first direction; An elastic component (3) is disposed between the battery cell assembly (2) and the housing (1). The elastic component (3) is provided on at least one side of the battery cell assembly (2) along the first direction. Along the first direction, the elastic component (3) applies a constraint force toward the battery cell assembly (2).

2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic component (3) includes: An elastic structure (31) is provided along the first direction, with one end abutting or connecting to the battery cell assembly (2) and the other end abutting or connecting to the housing (1).

3. The battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the initial state where the thickness of the cell assembly (2) along the first direction has not changed, the angle between the end of the elastic structure (31) near the cell assembly (2) and the cell assembly (2) is φ, and satisfies 0° < φ < 90°.

4. The battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic structure (31) is curved.

5. The battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of elastic components (3) is n. In the initial state where the thickness of the cell assembly (2) along the first direction has not changed, the length of the cell assembly (2) along the first direction is a, and the length of the elastic structure (31) along the first direction is b, and the following conditions are met: 5%≤n×b / a≤15%.

6. The battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic component (3) also includes: A constraint plate (32) is disposed between the elastic structure (31) and the battery cell assembly (2), and the end of the elastic structure (31) facing away from the housing (1) is connected to or abuts against the constraint plate (32).

7. The battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, On a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the projections of the constraint plate (32) and the battery cell (21) completely overlap.

8. The battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraint plate (32) and the elastic structure (31) are an integral part.

9. The battery according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The elastic structure (31) may be one or more.

10. The battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The elastic structure (31) is multiple and even in number, and the multiple elastic structures (31) are symmetrically arranged about the center plane of the cell assembly (2) parallel to the first direction.

11. The battery according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the initial state where the thickness of the cell assembly (2) along the first direction has not changed, the two mutually symmetrical elastic structures (31) are curved shapes that bulge toward directions away from each other.

12. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic component (3) is a metal elastic element.

13. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery is a solid-state battery.

14. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the battery according to any one of claims 1-13.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack according to claim 14.

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