Photovoltaic laminate and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic laminate and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic laminate comprises a cover plate, a front adhesive film, a solar cell array, a rear adhesive film and a back plate which are sequentially stacked, wherein the side edge of the cover plate is partially provided with an oblique cut, the light-receiving surface of the cover plate at the oblique cut is arranged beyond the back light surface of the cover plate and forms an inclined surface, the angle θ between the inclined surface and the light-receiving surface is an acute angle, the side edges belonging to the same side of the front adhesive film, the rear adhesive film and the back plate respectively form a first notch, a second notch and a third notch, the first notch, the second notch, the third notch and the oblique cut are correspondingly arranged to form a side edge inner recess of the photovoltaic laminate for accommodating sealing material, and the solar cell array is arranged at a preset distance from the side edge inner recess. The photovoltaic laminate ensures the sealing effect of the sealing adhesive on the photovoltaic laminate on the one hand, and the arrangement of the side edge inner recess is beneficial to the self-cleaning and pollution discharge of the photovoltaic module, thereby ensuring the outdoor reliability and operation life of the photovoltaic laminate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic equipment technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic laminate and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development and application of solar energy technology, photovoltaic (PV) modules, as photoelectric conversion devices, are widely used in the solar power generation industry. A PV module typically consists of a surrounding mounting frame and PV panels mounted on the frame. During installation, because the PV laminate is enclosed by the frame, water and dust easily accumulate on its upper surface. This accumulation cannot be quickly and effectively eliminated, reducing the effective power generation area of ​​the solar cell array within the PV module. Furthermore, it can obstruct the PV cells, causing current mismatch and hot spots, posing a significant safety hazard to the actual operation of the PV module.

[0003] Current solutions for addressing water and dust accumulation in photovoltaic modules cannot ensure smooth drainage while preventing moisture penetration at the edges of the photovoltaic laminates. This leads to defects such as delamination in the photovoltaic laminates, significantly reducing the lifespan of the photovoltaic modules. Utility Model Content

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic laminate, comprising a cover plate, a front encapsulating film, a solar cell array, a rear encapsulating film, and a backsheet stacked together, wherein...

[0005] The cover plate has a partial bevel on its side. At the bevel, the light-receiving surface of the cover plate extends beyond the backlight surface and forms an inclined surface. The angle θ between the inclined surface and the light-receiving surface is acute.

[0006] The front film, the back film, and the back sheet form a first notch, a second notch, and a third notch on the same side, respectively. The first notch, the second notch, the third notch, and the oblique cut are positioned in a corresponding manner to form a side recess of the photovoltaic laminate that accommodates the sealing material. The solar cell array is set at a preset distance from the side recess.

[0007] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the included angle θ ranges from 30° ≤ θ < 90°.

[0008] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the included angle θ ranges from 45° ≤ θ ≤ 60°.

[0009] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the inclined surface connects the edge of the light-receiving surface and the edge of the backlight surface.

[0010] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the orthographic projection of the inclined surface in the recessed portion on the light-receiving surface is the same as that of the first notch, the second notch and the third notch in shape and size.

[0011] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the orthographic projection of the inclined surface onto the light-receiving surface is a rectangle, and the first notch, the second notch and the third notch are all rectangular notches.

[0012] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the cover plate is made of glass material, and the back plate has a laminated structure formed by multiple functional layers, including an insulating functional layer and a weather-resistant functional layer.

[0013] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the photovoltaic laminate is rectangular and has four laminate sides, one of which is provided with a side recess.

[0014] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the photovoltaic laminate further includes a first sealing structure, a first portion of the first sealing structure filling the side recess, a second portion of the first sealing structure being disposed on the surface edge of the back plate facing away from the cover plate, the first portion of the first sealing structure being connected to the second portion of the first sealing structure and the connection point covering the third notch of the back plate.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0016] The photovoltaic laminate is the photovoltaic laminate of the first aspect of this application;

[0017] The composite frame includes multiple frames with mounting slots, each frame corresponding to one of the sides of a photovoltaic laminate. The light-receiving plate portion, side support plate portion, and backlight support plate portion of the frame form the mounting slots. The light-receiving plate portions are spaced apart above the light-receiving surface of the cover plate, the backlight support plate portions are located below the back plate, and the side support plate portions connect the light-receiving plate portions and the backlight support plate portions.

[0018] Among them, one of the multiple frames is set as a drainage frame. The side support plate of the drainage frame has a drainage hole corresponding to the position of the side recess. The second part of the first sealing structure is filled between the backlight support plate and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate. A first gap is formed between the light-receiving surface of the cover plate and the light-receiving plate. A second gap is formed between the first sealing structure and the drainage hole. The first gap, the second gap and the drainage hole are connected to form a sewage discharge channel.

[0019] The second sealing structure fills the mounting groove to bond the frame and the photovoltaic laminate, and is connected to the first sealing structure. The second sealing structure avoids the mounting groove portion corresponding to the drainage hole and fills the mounting groove to seal the groove-shaped gap between the laminate and the mounting groove.

[0020] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, in the horizontal transverse direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first portion of the first sealing structure shares an edge with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate.

[0021] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first portion of the first sealing structure is flush with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate on the side facing the drain hole.

[0022] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, a recessed notch is formed at the location of the drain channel corresponding to the light-receiving plate. The concave direction of the notch is the same as the opening direction of the drain hole. The recessed notch is connected to the drain channel to increase the inlet cross-sectional area at the drain starting end of the first gap in the drain channel.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] The first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic laminate, in which a beveled notch is partially provided on the side of the cover plate. Notches are formed on the same side of the front adhesive film, the rear adhesive film, and the back sheet. The resulting concave portion on the side can accommodate sealant during the lamination and sealing process. On the one hand, the application of sealant to the concave portion on the side and the sealing of the third notch on the back sheet after lamination ensure the sealing effect of the sealant on the photovoltaic laminate, avoiding back sheet delamination caused by moisture penetration from the edges of the photovoltaic laminate, especially the back sheet. On the other hand, after the photovoltaic laminate is sealed and laminated, the sealant is contained in the concave portion on the side, which allows a gap to be reserved between the concave portion on the side of the photovoltaic laminate and the frame of the photovoltaic module. This gap can be used to drain dust and moisture deposited on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate, facilitating the self-cleaning and decontamination of the photovoltaic module and ensuring the outdoor reliability and service life of the photovoltaic laminate.

[0025] The photovoltaic module provided in the second aspect of this application includes the photovoltaic laminate and the combined frame of the first aspect of this application. The photovoltaic module forms a drainage channel through the combination of the side recess of the photovoltaic laminate, the drainage hole in the combined frame, and the sealing structure. This allows water and dust accumulated on the upper surface of the photovoltaic laminate to be automatically discharged from the photovoltaic module during use. At the same time, it avoids problems such as cracking and delamination of the backsheet side caused by water vapor penetration at the edge of the photovoltaic laminate, thereby improving the service life of the photovoltaic module and ensuring the safe and high-quality operation of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water and dust accumulation structure of a photovoltaic module in related technologies;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a drainage photovoltaic module with sealant in a related technology;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a drainage photovoltaic module without sealant in related technologies.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure of a photovoltaic laminate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the front encapsulant structure of a photovoltaic laminate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the structure of a photovoltaic laminate before lamination, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-lamination stack corresponding to a photovoltaic laminate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a first sealant is provided in a pre-lamination stack corresponding to a photovoltaic laminate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic laminate provided in an embodiment of this application after the first sealant is applied to the pre-laminated laminate and then the edge is sealed with an edge sealer.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic laminate obtained by laminating a pre-laminated laminate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the first frame structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the fourth frame structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cross-section at the EE point;

[0040] Figure 14 An exploded view of the photovoltaic laminate and frame of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application before framing;

[0041] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module after being framed and fitted with a junction box, according to an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the cross-section at point AA;

[0043] Figure 17 for Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the cross-section at point BB;

[0044] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module in a drainage state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 10-Photovoltaic laminate; 11-Cover plate; 11a-Beveled cut; 12-Front encapsulant film; 12a-First notch; 13-Solar cell array; 14-Back encapsulant film; 14a-Second notch; 15-Backplate; 15a-Third notch; 101-Side recess; 20-Assembled frame; 21-First frame; 22-Second frame; 23-Third frame; 24-Fourth frame; 241-Recessed notch; 24a-Drainage hole; 25-Light-receiving plate; 26-Side support plate ; 27-Backlight support plate; 28-Vertical support plate; 29-Support base plate; 30-First sealant; 31-First sealing structure; 311-First part of the first sealing structure; 312-Second part of the first sealing structure; 32-Drainage outlet sealing structure; 40-Second sealant; 41-Second sealing structure; 50-Edge sealing piece; 60-Junction box; 70-First gap; 80-Second gap; 90-Sealing structure; S-Inlet cross-sectional area at the sewage discharge starting end. Detailed Implementation

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the frame 20 in the photovoltaic module is used to wrap the sides of the photovoltaic laminate 10. The sides of the laminate are sealed and fixed to the mounting groove by a sealing structure 90, which is formed of sealant. Each frame in the frame has the aforementioned mounting groove for wrapping the sides of the laminate. During long-term use, dust and moisture accumulate on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 in the photovoltaic laminate 10, making it difficult for the module to drain. Accumulated water and dust affect the effective power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic module, causing current mismatch and affecting the safe operation of the solar module.

[0048] The inventors conducted in-depth research and discovered that, for example Figure 2 As shown, even if one of the four frames in an existing photovoltaic module (e.g., the fourth frame 24) omits some sealant on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 within the frame to allow moisture and dust to drain, the sealant on the side of the photovoltaic laminate 10 forms a thick sealing structure (i.e., the drainage sealing structure 32). In particular, the portion where the sealant meets the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 protrudes beyond the edge. This overfilling of the space between the side of the photovoltaic laminate 10 and the frame prevents the formation of an effective flow channel, causing dust and moisture to accumulate on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11. This affects the effective power generation of the solar cell array 13 in the photovoltaic module, potentially causing significant safety hazards and impacting the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. In contrast, the mounting grooves in the other three frames of the existing photovoltaic module's combined frame all have a second sealing structure 41, which fills the gap between the mounting grooves of the laminate side and the frame.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, existing photovoltaic modules also have a structure where one frame (e.g., the fourth frame 24) of the photovoltaic module's combined frame is completely without sealant and a drainage hole 24a is opened at the bottom of the mounting groove on the frame to facilitate drainage and dust removal. The mounting grooves in the other three frames of the photovoltaic module's combined frame all form a second sealing structure 41. However, this cannot simultaneously ensure the sealing and water vapor erosion effect on the photovoltaic laminate 10. The photovoltaic laminate 10 is prone to reduced reliability due to water vapor erosion.

[0050] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 4 To be continued Figure 18 The technical solution of this application is described in detail.

[0051] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic laminate 10, including a cover plate 11, a front encapsulant film 12, a solar cell array 13, a rear encapsulant film 14, and a back sheet 15 stacked sequentially, wherein...

[0052] The cover plate 11 has a partial oblique cut 11a on its side. At the oblique cut 11a, the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 extends beyond the backlight surface of the cover plate 11 and forms an inclined surface. The angle θ between the inclined surface and the light-receiving surface is an acute angle.

[0053] The front adhesive film 12, the rear adhesive film 14 and the back plate 15 are respectively formed with a first notch 12a, a second notch and a third notch on the same side. The first notch 12a, the second notch, the third notch and the oblique cut 11a are respectively set to form a side recess 101 for the photovoltaic laminate 10 to accommodate the sealing material. The solar cell array 13 is set at a preset distance from the side recess 101.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the front adhesive film 12 has two first notches 12a. The rear adhesive film 14 and the back plate 15 have the same shape as the front adhesive film 12, which can be referenced. Figure 5 The back film 14 has two second notches, and the back plate 15 has two third notches. The positions of the first notch 12a, the second notch, and the third notch correspond one to one.

[0055] The first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic laminate 10, in which a beveled notch 11a is partially provided on the side of a cover plate 11. Notches are formed on the same side of the front adhesive film 12, the rear adhesive film 14, and the back plate 15. The resulting side recesses 101 can accommodate sealant during the lamination and sealing process. On the one hand, after the sealant is applied to the side recesses 101 and the sealant is applied to the third notch of the back plate 15, the sealing effect of the sealant on the photovoltaic laminate 10 is ensured, preventing the photovoltaic... The laminate 10, especially the backsheet 15, is prone to delamination due to moisture penetration at the edges. On the other hand, after the photovoltaic laminate 10 is sealed and laminated, the sealant is contained by the side recess 101, which allows a gap to be reserved between the side recess 101 of the photovoltaic laminate 10 and the frame of the photovoltaic module. This gap can be used to drain dust and moisture deposited on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11, which is conducive to the self-cleaning and decontamination of the photovoltaic module and ensures the outdoor reliability and service life of the photovoltaic laminate 10.

[0056] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the photovoltaic laminate 10 is provided with two or more side recesses 101, that is, there are two sets of corresponding first notches 12a, second notches, third notches and oblique cuts 11a on the same side of the photovoltaic laminate 10.

[0057] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the cover plate 11 is made of one of tempered photovoltaic glass or semi-tempered glass.

[0058] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the front adhesive film 12 is one of EVA film, POE film, EVA / POE laminated film, EVA / POE / EVA laminated film or POE / EVA / POE laminated film.

[0059] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the included angle θ ranges from 30° ≤ θ < 90°. In these embodiments, reducing the angle θ allows the third notch on the backsheet 15 to be farther away from the side of the photovoltaic laminate 10 where the side recess 101 is formed, which can better prevent moisture from corroding the backsheet 15, especially the backsheet 15 of a single-glass module (the backsheet 15 is composed of multiple functional materials), thereby preventing the backsheet 15 from delamination and deterioration.

[0060] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the included angle θ ranges from 45° ≤ θ ≤ 60°. In these embodiments, on the one hand, a distance is maintained between the third notch on the backplate 15 and the side of the photovoltaic laminate 10 where the side recess 101 is formed to isolate moisture erosion; on the other hand, the production yield of the cover plate 11 is guaranteed, and situations such as edge chipping and cracking of the cover plate 11 are avoided, thereby improving the overall yield of the photovoltaic laminate 10.

[0061] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the inclined surface connects the edge of the light-receiving surface and the edge of the backlight surface.

[0062] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the inclined surface may not be connected to at least one of the edges of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface, that is, the horizontal edge of the inclined surface does not share an edge with at least one of the edges of the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface, and the inclined surface has two opposite horizontal edges connected to the inclined edge. As long as the inclined cut 11a has an inclined surface that can form a side recess 101 with the first notch 12a, the second notch and the third notch to accommodate the sealant, it is possible to achieve the sealant wrapping the side of the laminate corresponding to the side recess 101 after lamination, so as to seal the side of the back plate 15, prevent moisture penetration, and avoid delamination of the back plate 15.

[0063] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the orthographic projection of the inclined surface in the recessed portion 101 on the light-receiving surface is the same as that of the first notch 12a, the second notch and the third notch in shape and size.

[0064] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the orthographic projection of the inclined surface onto the light-receiving surface is a rectangle, and the first notch 12a, the second notch and the third notch are all rectangular notches.

[0065] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the cover plate 11 is made of glass, and the back sheet 15 has a laminated structure formed by multiple functional layers, including an insulating functional layer and a weather-resistant functional layer. In some examples, the back sheet 15 in a single-glass photovoltaic module is composed of multiple functional materials.

[0066] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the insulating functional layer includes at least one insulator film layer, the insulator film layer comprising at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and modified polyethylene terephthalate, and the weather-resistant layer comprising at least one of PVF film layer, PVDF film layer, and ETFE film layer. The insulating functional layer can provide basic insulation performance as well as mechanical strength and resistance to deformation, while the weather-resistant layer is used to resist environmental erosion such as ultraviolet radiation, damp heat, and chemical corrosion, and has high infrared reflectivity to reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the photovoltaic laminate 10 is rectangular and has four laminate sides, one of which is provided with a side recess 101.

[0068] In some embodiments, the four laminated component sides are designated as a first laminated component side, a second laminated component side, a third laminated component side, and a fourth laminated component side. The first and second laminated component sides are arranged opposite each other and are longer sides, while the third and fourth laminated component sides are arranged opposite each other and are shorter sides. A side recess 101 is provided on the fourth laminated component side.

[0069] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 7 to 10 The methods for preparing photovoltaic laminates include:

[0070] Step A: The cover plate 11, the front adhesive film 12, the solar cell array 13, the rear adhesive film 14, and the back plate 15 are laid in sequence to obtain a laminated component; wherein, the cover plate 11 has at least two oblique cuts on one side, each oblique cut corresponding to an inclined surface 11a, the front adhesive film 12 has two first notches 12a corresponding to the oblique cut side of the cover plate 11, the rear adhesive film 14 has two second notches corresponding to the oblique cut side of the cover plate 11, and the back plate 15 has two third notches corresponding to the oblique cut side of the cover plate 11. The oblique cuts 11a, the first notches 12a, the second notches, and the third notches correspond one-to-one to form the precursor structure of the two side recesses 101.

[0071] Step B: Fill the oblique cut 11a position of the cover plate 11 of the laminate with the first sealant 30, and seal the oblique surface 11a position of at least the cover plate 11 of the laminate with the edge sealing member 50.

[0072] Step C: The above-mentioned laminated components are laminated to form a photovoltaic laminate 10. After lamination, the edge sealing component 50 is removed. The first sealant 30 seals the edge of the laminate 10 at the oblique cut 11a position, forming a first sealing structure 31. In some examples, the first part 311 of the first sealing structure fills the side recess, and the second part 312 of the first sealing structure is disposed on the surface edge of the back plate 15 on the side opposite to the cover plate 11. The first part 311 and the second part 312 of the first sealing structure are connected, and the connection point covers the third notch of the back plate. The edge sealing component 50 is edge sealing tape.

[0073] The third notch in the backsheet is enclosed by the first sealing structure, which can fully protect the backsheet, especially the backsheet with a multi-layer structure in single-glass modules, and prevent the backsheet from being delaminated by moisture.

[0074] Further, please refer to Figures 11 to 15 The photovoltaic module of this application embodiment is prepared based on the laminate obtained above, and the steps include:

[0075] Step D: Prepare the combined frame 20, which includes a first frame 21 and a second frame 22 arranged along a first direction, and a third frame 23 and a fourth frame 24 arranged along a second direction. The first and second directions intersect perpendicularly, and the combined frame 20 is rectangular in shape. The first frame 21, the second frame 22, the third frame 23, and the fourth frame 24 are all provided with mounting grooves. The light-receiving plate portion 25, the side support plate portion 26, and the backlight support plate portion 27 of the frame form the mounting grooves.

[0076] The shape of the first border 21 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the shapes of the second border 22 and the third border 23 are the same as those of the first border 21.

[0077] The surface of the light-receiving plate 25 is typically referred to as the A-side in the photovoltaic module frame structure description, and the outer surface of the side support plate 26 is typically referred to as the B-side. The frame also has a supporting base plate 29, which is disposed at the bottom of the frame. One side of the supporting base plate 29 is connected to the bottom edge of the side support plate 26. A vertical support plate 28 is provided between the supporting base plate 29 and the backlight support plate 27, and the vertical support plate 28 is arranged parallel to the side support plate 26 at intervals.

[0078] A drainage hole 24a is provided on the B surface of the fourth frame 24, and the drainage hole 24a corresponds one-to-one with the oblique cut 11a of the cover plate 11. The mounting grooves of the first frame 21, the second frame 22, the third frame 23, and the mounting grooves of the fourth frame 24 that do not correspond to the drainage hole 24a are respectively glued, and the second sealant 40 is poured into the above mounting grooves.

[0079] Step E: The laminate 10, which has been treated with adhesive to form the first sealing structure, is framed using the combined frame 20, which has been treated with adhesive (second sealant 40). The fourth laminate side of the laminate 10, which has a beveled cut 11a on the cover plate 11, is embedded into the groove of the fourth frame 24. The beveled surface 11a corresponds one-to-one with the drainage hole 24a, thus forming a drainage channel on the fourth frame 24 of the photovoltaic module, which leads from the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 to the outside of the B side of the fourth frame 24. The other three laminate sides (first laminate side, second laminate side, and third laminate side) are respectively embedded into the mounting grooves of the first frame 21, the second frame 22, and the third frame 23. Finally, the second sealant 40 is cured to obtain the second sealing structure 41.

[0080] Step F: Install the junction box 60 on the backsheet material 15 and make an effective electrical connection between the solar cell array 13 and the junction box 60.

[0081] like Figures 11 to 18 As shown, a second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0082] The photovoltaic laminate is the photovoltaic laminate of the first aspect of this application;

[0083] The composite frame 20 includes multiple frames with mounting grooves, each frame corresponding to one of the sides of a photovoltaic laminate. The light-receiving plate portion 25, the side support plate portion 26, and the backlight support plate portion 27 of the frame form the mounting grooves. The light-receiving plate portions 25 are spaced apart above the light-receiving surface of the cover plate, and the backlight support plate portions 27 are located below the back plate. The side support plate portions 26 connect the light-receiving plate portions 25 and the backlight support plate portions 27.

[0084] Among them, one of the multiple frames is set as a drainage frame. The side support plate 26 of the drainage frame has a drainage hole 24a corresponding to the position of the side recess. The second part 312 of the first sealing structure is filled between the backlight support plate 27 and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate. A first gap 70 is formed between the light-receiving surface of the cover plate and the light-receiving plate 25. A second gap 80 is formed between the first sealing structure 31 and the drainage hole 24a. The first gap 70, the second gap 80 and the drainage hole 24a are connected to form a sewage discharge channel.

[0085] The second sealing structure 41 fills the mounting groove for bonding the frame and the photovoltaic laminate, and is connected to the first sealing structure 31. The second sealing structure 41 avoids the mounting groove portion corresponding to the drainage hole 24a and fills the mounting groove to seal the groove-shaped gap between the laminate and the mounting groove.

[0086] The photovoltaic module provided in the second aspect of this application includes the photovoltaic laminate and the combined frame 20 of the first aspect of this application. The sealing structure in the photovoltaic module includes a first sealing structure 31 and a second sealing structure 41. The photovoltaic module forms a drainage channel through the combination of the side recess 101 of the photovoltaic laminate, the drainage hole 24a in the combined frame 20 and the sealing structure. This allows water and dust accumulated on the upper surface of the photovoltaic laminate to be automatically discharged from the photovoltaic module during use. At the same time, it avoids problems such as water vapor penetration at the edge of the photovoltaic laminate causing cracking and delamination on the side of the back sheet, thereby improving the service life of the photovoltaic module and ensuring the safe and high-quality operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0087] The first sealing structure 31 is located below the light-receiving surface of the cover plate, that is, the first sealing structure 31 is located between the light-receiving surface of the cover plate and the backlight support plate portion 27.

[0088] In some embodiments, the composite frame 20 includes a first frame 21, a second frame 22, a third frame 23, and a fourth frame 24. The first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are arranged opposite each other and are long frames, while the third frame 23 and the fourth frame 24 are arranged opposite each other and are short frames. The first frame 21 and the second frame 22 are respectively arranged corresponding to the sides of the first laminate and the second laminate, and the third frame 23 and the fourth frame 24 are respectively arranged corresponding to the sides of the third laminate and the fourth laminate. The fourth frame 24 is provided with the aforementioned drainage hole 24a.

[0089] The first and second layers of the pressing component are positioned opposite each other and are longer sides, while the third and fourth layers of the pressing component are positioned opposite each other and are shorter sides. A recessed portion is provided on the fourth layer of the pressing component.

[0090] Each pair of adjacent borders in the first border 21, the second border 22, the third border 23, and the fourth border 24 is connected by a corner code.

[0091] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, the side of the first laminate is embedded in the mounting groove of the first frame 21, and the second sealing structure 41, which fills the groove between the side of the first laminate and the first frame 21, achieves bonding and fixing of the side of the first laminate to the first frame 21 and seals and isolates the side of the first laminate from moisture; the side of the second laminate is embedded in the mounting groove of the second frame 22, and the second sealing structure 41, which fills the groove between the side of the second laminate and the second frame 22, achieves bonding and fixing of the side of the first laminate to the first frame 21 and seals and isolates the side of the first laminate from moisture. The second layer of the pressed component is bonded and fixed to the second frame 22, and the side of the second pressed component is sealed and isolated from moisture. The side of the third pressed component is embedded in the mounting groove of the third frame 23, and the second sealing structure 41 fills the groove-shaped gap between the side of the third pressed component and the third frame 23 to achieve the bonding and fixing of the side of the third pressed component to the third frame 23, as well as the sealing and isolation of the side of the third pressed component from moisture. The side of the fourth pressed component is embedded in the mounting groove of the third frame 23, and the drainage hole 24a is correspondingly provided with the above-mentioned first sealing structure 31.

[0092] The second sealing structure 41 fills the groove-shaped gap between the side of the fourth laminate and the fourth frame 24, except for the part of the fourth frame 24 covered by the first sealing structure 31. The first sealing structure 31 and the second sealing structure 41 together achieve the bonding and fixing of the side of the fourth laminate to the fourth frame 24, as well as the sealing and moisture isolation of the side of the fourth laminate.

[0093] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, in the horizontal transverse direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first portion 311 of the first sealing structure shares an edge with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11.

[0094] In these embodiments, the first part 311 of the first sealing structure is prevented from protruding from the photovoltaic laminate in the lateral direction, ensuring that the dust and water deposited on the light-receiving surface of the cover plate 11 flow into the second gap 80 through the first gap 70. The space at the turning point is large, which also ensures that the second gap 80 has a large space, increases the overall volume of the sewage discharge channel, and improves the efficiency of drainage and ash removal.

[0095] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first portion 311 of the first sealing structure is flush with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate on the side facing the drain hole 24a.

[0096] In these embodiments, the space of the second gap 80 can be further increased, the overall volume of the sewage discharge channel can be increased, and water and dust can be smoothly discharged from the second gap 80 through the drainage hole 24a to the outside of the frame, thereby improving the drainage and dust removal efficiency.

[0097] like Figure 13As shown, in some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, a recessed notch 241 is formed in the light-receiving plate portion 25 at the location corresponding to the sewage discharge channel. The concave direction of the notch is in the same direction as the opening direction of the drainage hole 24a. The recessed notch 241 is connected to the sewage discharge channel to increase the inlet cross-sectional area S at the sewage discharge starting end of the first gap 70 in the sewage discharge channel.

[0098] In these embodiments, water and dust on the photovoltaic laminate enter the drainage channel from the drainage start end of the first gap 70. The formation of the recess 241 replaces the original eaves that bend downwards toward the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic laminate 10 at the location corresponding to the light-receiving plate and the drainage channel. Therefore, the height of the inlet at the drainage start end of the first gap 70 is increased, thereby increasing the inlet cross-sectional area S at the drainage start end, improving the drainage and dust removal speed, shortening the drainage and dust removal process, avoiding water and dust accumulation, and ensuring the good and safe operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0099] In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of this application, the sealing structure is made of butyl rubber.

[0100] like Figure 18 As described above, the photovoltaic modules are tilted during use after installation. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic modules allow dust and water on the light-receiving surface of the stacked cover to be automatically discharged from the photovoltaic modules through the drainage channels, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the photovoltaic modules, especially single-glass photovoltaic modules, and ensuring high-quality and safe operation of the photovoltaic modules.

[0101] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic laminate, characterized in that, It includes a cover plate, a front encapsulating film, a solar cell array, a rear encapsulating film, and a backsheet, which are stacked in sequence. The cover plate has a partial bevel on its side. At the bevel, the light-receiving surface of the cover plate extends beyond the backlight surface of the cover plate and forms an inclined surface. The angle θ between the inclined surface and the light-receiving surface is an acute angle. The front adhesive film, the rear adhesive film, and the back plate form a first notch, a second notch, and a third notch on the same side, respectively. The first notch, the second notch, the third notch, and the oblique cut are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to form a side recess of the photovoltaic laminate that accommodates the sealing material. The solar cell array is set at a preset distance from the side recess.

2. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle θ ranges from 30° to 90°.

3. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The included angle θ ranges from 45° to 60°.

4. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclined surface connects the edge of the light-receiving surface and the edge of the backlight surface.

5. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the inclined surface in the same side recess onto the light-receiving surface is the same as that of the first notch, the second notch, and the third notch in shape and size.

6. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the inclined surface onto the light-receiving surface is a rectangle, and the first notch, the second notch, and the third notch are all rectangular notches.

7. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate is made of glass material, and the back plate has a stacked structure formed by multiple functional layers, including an insulating functional layer and a weather-resistant functional layer.

8. The photovoltaic laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The photovoltaic laminate is rectangular and has four laminate sides, one of which is provided with a side recess.

9. The photovoltaic laminate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic laminate further includes a first sealing structure, a first part of which fills the side recess, a second part of which is disposed on the surface edge of the back plate facing away from the cover plate, the first part of which is connected to the second part of which is connected to the back plate and the connection point covers the third notch of the back plate.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic laminate is the photovoltaic laminate as described in claim 9; The composite frame includes multiple frames with mounting slots, each frame corresponding to one of the sides of the photovoltaic laminate. The light-receiving plate portion, side support plate portion, and backlight support plate portion of each frame form the mounting slot. The light-receiving plate portions are spaced apart above the light-receiving surface of the cover plate, the backlight support plate portions are located below the back plate, and the side support plate portions connect the light-receiving plate portions and the backlight support plate portions. Among them, one of the plurality of frames is set as a drainage frame, and the side support plate of the drainage frame is provided with a drainage hole corresponding to the position of the side recess. The second part of the first sealing structure is filled between the backlight support plate and the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate. A first gap is formed between the light-receiving surface of the cover plate and the light-receiving plate. A second gap is formed between the first sealing structure and the drainage hole. The first gap, the second gap and the drainage hole are connected to form a sewage discharge channel. The second sealing structure fills the mounting groove to bond the frame and the photovoltaic laminate, and is connected to the first sealing structure. The second sealing structure avoids the portion of the mounting groove corresponding to the drainage hole and fills the mounting groove to seal the groove-shaped gap between the laminate and the mounting groove.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the horizontal direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first part of the first sealing structure shares an edge with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the first part of the first sealing structure is flush with the edge of the light-receiving surface of the cover plate on the side facing the drainage hole.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The light-receiving plate has a recessed notch at the location corresponding to the sewage discharge channel. The concave direction of the notch is the same as the opening direction of the drainage hole. The notch is connected to the sewage discharge channel to increase the inlet cross-sectional area at the sewage discharge starting end of the first gap in the sewage discharge channel.

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