A dust gas unpowered pre-screening filtering device

Abstract

This utility model relates to a non-powered pre-screening and filtration device for dust and gas. Its innovation lies in the following: it includes a spiral drum, a dust collection hopper, a spark capture unit, and a dust collection unit. The spiral drum is connected to the dust collection hopper, with a spark capture unit at one end and a dust collection unit connected to the bottom of the hopper. The spiral drum contains multi-stage spiral blades with increasing pitch. Dust-laden gas is drawn into the spiral drum through the inlet. Under the action of the spiral blades, the dust-laden gas separates from the gas by changes in airflow velocity and the force on the particles. Larger particles settle into the dust collection hopper and are collected by the dust collection unit. The gas then passes through the spark capture unit to eliminate sparks, enters a dust removal device for dust removal, and is then discharged. This utility model is not only simple in structure and small in size, with low manufacturing cost, but also features automatic wind speed adjustment, low airflow resistance, and eliminates the need for a separate power unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a filtration device, specifically a dust and gas non-powered pre-screening filtration device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, high-temperature dust gases, reaching temperatures of 150℃ to 200℃, are generated during electric arc furnaces (in the smelting industry) or molten iron pouring processes. These gases contain large, high-temperature particles (dust). Directly feeding these high-temperature particles into dust collection equipment for emission could easily damage the filter units. Therefore, existing technologies employ cyclone pretreatment devices or gravity pretreatment units to pretreat the high-temperature dust gases before they are discharged through dust collection equipment.

[0003] Specifically, the inlet pipe of a cyclone pretreatment device is mostly a volute-shaped structure. After the dust-laden gas enters the cyclone body, it rotates at high speed. Due to its large mass, the dust particles are thrown out by centrifugal force, thus achieving gas-solid separation. Gravity pretreatment devices generally have a box or channel with a certain height and cross-sectional area. After the dust-laden gas enters the box, the flow velocity drops sharply. Due to the density difference between dust and gas, larger dust particles are deposited under their own gravity, achieving separation from the gas. However, both cyclone pretreatment devices and gravity pretreatment devices have certain structural drawbacks. They are not only large and complex in size, requiring a separate power unit, resulting in high manufacturing costs, but also have high airflow resistance due to excessive gas turbulence and long gas flow paths, leading to high energy consumption, making them less energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and their filtration effect is also poor. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a dust and gas pre-screening and filtration device that is not only simple in structure, small in size, and low in manufacturing cost, but also has automatic wind speed adjustment, low airflow resistance, and does not require a separate power unit.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is: a dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtration device, the innovation of which lies in: including a spiral drum, a dust collection hopper, a spark capture unit, and a dust collection unit.

[0006] One end of the spiral cylinder is the air inlet for dusty gas, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the dust collection hopper. The air outlet of the dust collection hopper is equipped with a spark capture unit to eliminate sparks in the dusty gas, and the spark capture unit is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment.

[0007] The bottom of the ash hopper is equipped with a dust collection unit that is connected to it.

[0008] The spiral cylinder is equipped with multi-stage spiral blades with increasing pitch. Dust-laden gas is drawn into the spiral cylinder through the air inlet. Under the action of the spiral blades, the dust-laden gas is separated from the gas by changes in airflow velocity and the force on the particles in the dust-laden gas. Large particles enter the dust collection hopper to settle and are collected by the dust collection unit after falling under the action of gravity. The gas after screening and filtration then passes through the spark capture unit to eliminate sparks, enters the dust removal equipment for dust removal, and is then discharged.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the spiral cylinder includes an air intake section, a transition section, and a deposition section that are integral or fixedly connected and coaxially arranged. The spiral cylinder is provided with a spiral shaft, and the spiral shaft is provided with multiple stages of spiral blades. The pitch of the spiral blades located in the air intake section is L1, the pitch of the spiral blades located in the transition section is L2, and the pitch of the spiral blades located in the deposition section is L3, and L3 > L2 > L1.

[0010] In the above technical solution, flanges are provided at both ends of the spiral cylinder, and the flange at one end of the spiral cylinder is used to connect the pipe, while the flange at the other end is connected to the air inlet of the ash collection hopper.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the ash collection hopper is provided with an airflow guide pipe, the end of the airflow guide pipe is provided with a flange and is located outside the ash collection hopper, and the flange at the end of the airflow guide pipe is connected to the spark capture unit.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the spark capture unit includes a sleeve and a mesh plate. One end of the sleeve is assembled and connected to the air outlet of the dust collection hopper, and the opening at the other end of the sleeve is provided with a mesh plate for eliminating sparks in the dust gas.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the perforated plate is a matrix structure composed of multiple front baffles and multiple rear baffles. The opening at the other end of the sleeve is provided with multiple rows of rear baffles arranged at equal intervals along its vertical direction, and multiple rows of front baffles arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction are provided between two adjacent rear baffles.

[0014] In the above technical solution, each rear baffle is provided with multiple slots, and the two ends of each front baffle are respectively inserted into the slots of the corresponding rear baffle.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the dust collection unit includes an ash discharge pipe, an ash discharge valve, and a collection box. One end of the ash discharge pipe is connected to the ash discharge port at the bottom of the ash collection hopper, and the other end of the ash discharge pipe is connected to the collection box. An ash discharge valve is provided on the ash discharge pipe and at the connection between the ash discharge pipe and the collection box.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the ash collection hopper includes a conical hopper section and an ash discharge section that are connected as one unit and communicate with each other. The ash discharge section is located at the bottom of the conical hopper section, the other end of the spiral cylinder is connected to the conical hopper section, and the bottom of the ash discharge section is connected to the dust collection unit.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the overall diameter of the ash discharge section gradually decreases, and the top diameter of the ash discharge section is larger than the bottom diameter. The bottom of the ash discharge section is provided with a flange, and the ash discharge section is detachably connected to the dust collection unit through the flange.

[0018] The positive effects of this utility model are: after adopting the dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device of this utility model, since this utility model includes a spiral drum, a dust collection hopper, a spark capture unit, and a dust collection unit,

[0019] One end of the spiral cylinder is the air inlet for dusty gas, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the dust collection hopper. The air outlet of the dust collection hopper is equipped with a spark capture unit to eliminate sparks in the dusty gas, and the spark capture unit is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment.

[0020] The bottom of the ash hopper is equipped with a dust collection unit that is connected to it.

[0021] The spiral cylinder is equipped with multi-stage spiral blades with increasing pitch. Dust-laden gas is drawn into the spiral cylinder through the inlet. Under the action of the spiral blades, the dust-laden gas is separated from the gas by changes in airflow velocity and the force on the particles in the gas. Large particles settle in the dust collection hopper and are collected by the dust collection unit after falling under gravity. The filtered gas then passes through the spark capture unit to eliminate sparks, and then enters the dust removal equipment for dust removal before being discharged.

[0022] Before use, connect the spark capture unit to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment. Use the suction device (fan) of the dust removal equipment to draw the dust gas into the spiral drum through the air inlet for pre-screening and filtration. It does not require an additional power mechanism, which not only optimizes the structure and makes it simpler, but also greatly reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0023] During operation, dusty gas enters the spiral drum. Due to the presence of multi-stage spiral blades with increasing pitch, the airflow velocity changes as the spiral blade pitch changes, thus pre-guiding the airflow to accelerate and form a vortex. As the dusty gas continues to move forward, the airflow velocity begins to decrease until it reaches the tail end of the spiral drum, where the airflow velocity drops to its minimum. This causes large particles in the dusty gas to settle into the dust collection hopper and fall into the dust collection unit under gravity. After being pre-screened and filtered in the dust collection hopper, the dusty gas collides with the spark capture unit, eliminating any sparks in the gas. It then enters the dust removal equipment for further dust removal and filtration before being discharged.

[0024] Because the pitch inside the spiral cylinder of this invention gradually increases, and by utilizing changes in airflow velocity and particle force, large particles are deposited. Furthermore, the lift angle of the multi-stage spiral blades gradually decreases, which, combined with the pitch change, enhances the airflow deceleration effect.

[0025] This invention achieves automatic wind speed variation by adjusting the pitch of the spiral blades, resulting in low airflow resistance and low energy consumption. Furthermore, the inclusion of a spark capture unit effectively prevents sparks from entering the dust removal equipment and causing damage. Therefore, this invention has advantages such as simple structure, small size, low manufacturing cost, automatic wind speed adjustment, low airflow resistance, and no need for a separate power unit. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembly of the spiral cylinder and the ash collection hopper of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral cylinder of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spark capture unit of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A diagram showing the view from the right.

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the front baffle structure;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rear baffle structure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the given embodiments, but it is not limited thereto.

[0034] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, a non-powered pre-screening and filtration device for dust and gas includes a spiral drum 1, a dust collection hopper 2, a spark capture unit 3, and a dust collection unit 4.

[0035] One end of the spiral cylinder 1 is the air inlet for dust gas, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the dust collection hopper 2. The air outlet of the dust collection hopper 2 is equipped with a spark capture unit 3 to eliminate sparks in the dust gas, and the spark capture unit 3 is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment.

[0036] The bottom of the ash hopper 2 is equipped with a dust collection unit 4 that is connected to it.

[0037] The spiral cylinder 1 is equipped with multi-stage spiral blades 5 with increasing pitch. Dust gas is drawn into the spiral cylinder 1 through the air inlet. Under the action of the spiral blades 5, the dust gas is separated from the gas by the change in airflow speed and the change in force on the particles in the dust gas. Large particles settle into the dust collection hopper 2 and are collected by the dust collection unit 4 after falling down under the action of gravity. The gas after screening and filtration then passes through the spark capture unit 3 to eliminate sparks, enters the dust removal equipment for dust removal, and is then discharged.

[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in order to achieve large particle deposition by utilizing changes in airflow velocity and particle force, the spiral cylinder 1 includes an inlet section 11, a transition section 12, and a deposition section 13 that are integrally formed or fixedly connected and coaxially arranged. A spiral shaft 6 is provided inside the spiral cylinder 1, and multi-stage spiral blades 5 are provided on the spiral shaft 6. The pitch of the spiral blades in the inlet section 11 is L1, the pitch of the spiral blades in the transition section 12 is L2, and the pitch of the spiral blades in the deposition section 13 is L3, where L3 > L2 > L1. Since the pitch of the spiral blades gradually increases in the inlet section 11, the transition section 12, and the deposition section 13, and the helix angle of the spiral blades gradually decreases from the inlet section to the deposition section, the change in pitch enhances the airflow deceleration effect. Specifically, the dust gas entering the spiral cylinder 1 is guided to accelerate and form a vortex in the inlet section 11, the airflow velocity begins to decrease in the transition section 12, and the airflow velocity drops to its minimum in the deposition section 13, allowing large particles to settle into the dust collection hopper.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in order to facilitate the rapid positioning and assembly of different components, flanges are provided at both ends of the spiral cylinder 1. The flange at one end of the spiral cylinder 1 is used to connect the pipe, and the flange at the other end is connected to the air inlet of the ash collection hopper 2.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, in order to guide the dust gas in the dust collection hopper 2 and prevent it from spreading inside the dust collection hopper and affecting the dust removal effect, the dust collection hopper 2 is provided with an airflow guide pipe 7. The end of the airflow guide pipe 7 is provided with a flange and is located outside the dust collection hopper 2. The flange at the end of the airflow guide pipe 7 is connected to the spark capture unit 3.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , 5 As shown, in order to prevent sparks contained in the dust gas from entering the dust removal equipment, the spark capture unit 3 includes a sleeve 31 and a mesh plate. One end of the sleeve 31 is assembled and connected to the air outlet of the dust collection hopper 2, and the opening at the other end of the sleeve 31 is provided with a mesh plate for eliminating sparks in the dust gas. In this way, when the high-temperature dust gas passes through the mesh plate, the sparks can be eliminated by the action of the mesh plate, preventing the sparks from damaging the dust removal equipment and improving the safety of subsequent dust removal in the dust removal equipment.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figure 7, in order to eliminate sparks after dust and gas collide with the perforated plate and to adjust the size of the mesh more flexibly to meet technical requirements, the perforated plate is a matrix structure composed of multiple front baffles 32 and multiple rear baffles 33. The opening at the other end of the sleeve 31 is provided with multiple rows of rear baffles 33 arranged at equal intervals along its vertical direction, and multiple rows of front baffles 32 arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction are provided between two adjacent rear baffles 33.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, in order to achieve rapid positioning and assembly of the front and rear baffles, each rear baffle 33 is provided with multiple slots 331, and the two ends of each front baffle 32 are respectively inserted into the slots 331 of the corresponding rear baffle 33.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, in order to collect large particulate matter in dusty gas and prevent environmental pollution, the dust collection unit 4 includes an ash discharge pipe 41, an ash discharge valve 42, and a collection box 43. One end of the ash discharge pipe 41 is connected to the ash discharge port at the bottom of the ash collection hopper 2, and the other end of the ash discharge pipe 41 is connected to the collection box 43. An ash discharge valve 42 is provided on the ash discharge pipe 41 and at the connection between the ash discharge pipe 41 and the collection box 43. When in use, the ash discharge valve 41 is opened, and large particulate matter falls into the collection box 43 along the ash discharge pipe 41 under the action of gravity. If the collection box 43 needs to be cleaned or maintained, the ash discharge valve 41 can be closed first.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, to prevent large particles from adhering to the ash collection hopper, the ash collection hopper 2 includes a conical section 21 and an ash discharge section 22 that are integrally connected and communicate with each other. The ash discharge section 22 is located at the bottom of the conical section 21, and the other end of the spiral cylinder 1 is connected to the conical section 21. The bottom of the ash discharge section 22 is connected to the dust collection unit 4. This design of the ash collection hopper structure also has the advantage that: the conical section adopts a conical structure with an inclined inner wall, which can utilize the gravity of large particles to guide them to slide naturally down the inclined wall surface, reducing the residence time of particles on the wall surface and avoiding dust accumulation and blockage.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, in order to make large particles fall quickly under the action of gravity, the overall diameter of the ash discharge section 22 gradually decreases, and the top diameter of the ash discharge section 22 is larger than the bottom diameter. The bottom of the ash discharge section 22 is provided with a flange, and the ash discharge section 22 is detachably connected to the dust collection unit 4 through the flange.

[0047] This invention shares a single suction device (fan) with the dust removal equipment, eliminating the need for a separate power unit. Before use, the end of the sleeve 31 of the spark capture unit 3 is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment via a flange. The dust removal equipment's suction device (fan) draws the dusty gas into the spiral cylinder 1 through the air inlet for pre-screening and filtration. This invention not only optimizes the structure, making it simpler, but also significantly reduces manufacturing costs.

[0048] The specific working process is as follows: During use, the dusty gas enters the spiral cylinder 1 under the action of the suction device of the dust removal equipment. Because it is equipped with multi-stage spiral blades 5 with increasing pitch, the spiral blades 5 gradually increase in number in the inlet section 11, transition section 12, and deposition section 13 of the spiral cylinder 1. The helix angle of the spiral blades 5 gradually decreases from the inlet section to the deposition section. Combined with the pitch change, this enhances the airflow deceleration effect. That is, the dusty gas in the inlet section 11 can be guided to accelerate the airflow and form a vortex. As the dusty gas continues to advance, in the transition section... The airflow velocity begins to decrease in section 12 until it enters the tail end of the spiral cylinder 1. In the sedimentation section 13, the airflow velocity drops to the minimum, causing large particles in the dust gas to settle into the ash discharge section 22 of the ash collection hopper 2. Under the action of gravity, they fall into the dust collection unit 4 and settle along the ash discharge pipe 41 into the collection box 43. At this time, the dust gas that has been pre-screened and filtered by the ash collection hopper 2 hits the mesh plate of the spark capture unit 3 and eliminates the sparks in the dust gas. Then, it enters the dust removal equipment for dust removal and filtration again before being discharged.

[0049] Because the pitch of the spiral blades inside the spiral cylinder of this invention gradually increases, and by utilizing changes in airflow velocity and particle force, large particles are deposited. Furthermore, the gradually decreasing helix angle of the multi-stage spiral blades, combined with the pitch variation, enhances the airflow deceleration effect. This invention can achieve pre-screening and filtration of large particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or larger.

[0050] In summary, this invention achieves automatic wind speed variation by adjusting the pitch of the spiral blades, resulting in low airflow resistance and low energy consumption. Furthermore, the inclusion of a spark capture unit effectively prevents sparks from entering the dust removal equipment and causing damage. Therefore, this invention has advantages such as simple structure, small size, light weight, low manufacturing cost, convenient installation, low failure rate, automatic wind speed adjustment, low airflow resistance, and no need for a separate power unit.

[0051] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtration device, characterized in that: It includes a spiral drum (1), a dust collection hopper (2), a spark capture unit (3), and a dust collection unit (4). One end of the spiral cylinder (1) is the air inlet for dust gas, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the dust collection hopper (2). The end of the air outlet of the dust collection hopper (2) is provided with a spark capture unit (3) to eliminate sparks in the dust gas. The spark capture unit (3) is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal equipment. The bottom of the dust collection hopper (2) is provided with a dust collection unit (4) connected to it. The spiral cylinder (1) is equipped with multi-stage spiral blades (5) with increasing pitch. Dust gas is drawn into the interior of the spiral cylinder (1) through the air inlet. Under the action of the spiral blades (5), the dust gas is separated from the gas by the change in airflow speed and the change in force on the particles in the dust gas. Large particles enter the dust collection hopper (2) to settle and are collected by the dust collection unit (4) after falling under the action of gravity. The gas after screening and filtration then passes through the spark capture unit (3) to eliminate sparks, enters the dust removal equipment for dust removal, and is then discharged.

2. The dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral cylinder (1) includes an intake section (11), a transition section (12), and a deposition section (13) that are integral or fixedly connected and coaxially arranged. The spiral cylinder (1) is provided with a spiral shaft (6), and the spiral shaft (6) is provided with multi-stage spiral blades (5). The pitch of the spiral blades in the intake section (11) is L1, the pitch of the spiral blades in the transition section (12) is L2, and the pitch of the spiral blades in the deposition section (13) is L3, and L3 > L2 > L1.

3. The dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral cylinder (1) has flanges at both ends, and the flange at one end of the spiral cylinder (1) is used to connect the pipe, while the flange at the other end is connected to the air inlet of the ash hopper (2).

4. The dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ash collection hopper (2) is provided with an airflow guide pipe (7), the end of the airflow guide pipe (7) is provided with a flange and is located outside the ash collection hopper (2), and the flange at the end of the airflow guide pipe (7) is connected to the spark capture unit (3).

5. The dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spark capture unit (3) includes a sleeve (31) and a mesh plate. One end of the sleeve (31) is assembled and connected to the air outlet of the dust collection hopper (2). The opening at the other end of the sleeve (31) is provided with a mesh plate for eliminating sparks in the dust gas.

6. The dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The perforated plate is a matrix structure consisting of multiple front baffles (32) and multiple rear baffles (33). The opening at the other end of the sleeve (31) is provided with multiple rows of rear baffles (33) arranged at equal intervals along its vertical direction, and multiple rows of front baffles (32) arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction are provided between two adjacent rear baffles (33).

7. The dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each rear baffle (33) is provided with multiple slots (331), and the two ends of each front baffle (32) are respectively inserted into the slots (331) of the corresponding rear baffle (33).

8. The dust and gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection unit (4) includes a dust discharge pipe (41), a dust discharge valve (42), and a collection box (43). One end of the dust discharge pipe (41) is connected to the dust discharge port at the bottom of the dust collection hopper (2), and the other end of the dust discharge pipe (41) is connected to the collection box (43). A dust discharge valve (42) is provided on the dust discharge pipe (41) and at the connection between the dust discharge pipe (41) and the collection box (43).

9. The dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ash collection hopper (2) includes a conical hopper section (21) and an ash discharge section (22) that are connected as one unit and communicate with each other. The ash discharge section (22) is located at the bottom of the conical hopper section (21). The other end of the spiral cylinder (1) is connected to the conical hopper section (21). The bottom of the ash discharge section (22) is connected to the dust collection unit (4).

10. The dust gas non-powered pre-screening and filtering device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The overall diameter of the ash discharge section (22) gradually decreases, and the top diameter of the ash discharge section (22) is larger than the bottom diameter. The bottom of the ash discharge section (22) is provided with a flange, and the ash discharge section (22) is detachably connected to the dust collection unit (4) through the flange.

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