Nozzle for hydrothermal cracking

Abstract

The application provides a nozzle for hydro-thermal cracking, which comprises a nozzle body, a pulverized coal channel penetrating through the nozzle body and used for supplying pulverized coal, a jet assembly arranged around the pulverized coal channel and used for supplying gas, a pre-dispersion assembly arranged inside the pulverized coal channel, the pre-dispersion assembly being a rod-shaped body with a reduced section arranged at the top end, the bottom end of the pre-dispersion assembly being flush with the bottom end of the pulverized coal channel, and an annular pulverized coal outlet being formed between the pre-dispersion assembly and the pulverized coal channel. The nozzle for hydro-thermal cracking guarantees the uniform mixing of the pulverized coal and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas and the rapid heating, and ensures the pyrolysis performance index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of gasification nozzles, and specifically relates to a high-efficiency mixing nozzle for hydropyrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] Pulverized coal hydropyrolysis is a novel staged and fractional-grade conversion technology that addresses the low oil conversion rate in traditional pulverized coal pyrolysis by using flash heating. Under medium temperature (700-950℃) and high pressure (4-10MPa) conditions, pulverized coal reacts with hydrogen to produce methane-rich syngas, high-value-added aromatic oils, and high-calorific-value semi-coke. In this process, the nozzle, as the core equipment, provides sufficient heat for the initial pyrolysis of the pulverized coal, directly affecting the effective products and yield of coal hydropyrolysis.

[0003] Studies have shown that the faster the heating rate of pulverized coal, the higher the yield of liquid products. The thermal shock force generated by rapid high-temperature heating can simultaneously break the chemical bonds in macromolecular condensed aromatic compounds, generating a large number of free radicals. The hydrogen atmosphere provides stabilizing conditions for these free radicals, promoting their conversion into liquid products. Therefore, uniform mixing of pulverized coal with high-temperature hydrogen-rich materials and rapid heating are crucial for improving the yield of methane and BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) and thus making the oil products lighter.

[0004] Existing pulverized coal hydropyrolysis nozzles adopt an N-on-1 design (N=4-10), meaning a single straight-tube channel serves as the central pulverized coal stream, possessing only velocity and momentum along the channel's axis, while a high-temperature, hydrogen-rich jet is uniformly distributed circumferentially around the central nozzle at a certain angle. This design can achieve uniform mixing and rapid heating of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich jet with the pulverized coal stream at small-scale processing, thus meeting high gasification performance requirements. However, as the nozzle size increases, the mass flow rate and axial jet momentum of the central pulverized coal stream significantly increase, and the dispersion path lengthens. Relying solely on the circumferentially distributed gas-phase jet can no longer guarantee uniform mixing and rapid heating of the pulverized coal, leading to a decline in hydropyrolysis performance indicators.

[0005] CN115746915A discloses a hydrogenation gasification nozzle and a gasifier, including a nozzle body with a pulverized coal channel and an injection assembly inside. The injection assembly includes an oxygen jet channel and a hydrogen jet channel, one of which is fitted outside the other. The oxygen jet channel has an oxygen jet outlet, and the hydrogen jet channel has a hydrogen jet outlet. The oxygen and hydrogen jet outlets are connected to the outside of the nozzle body to form the injection outlet of the injection assembly. Oxygen ejected from the oxygen jet outlet and hydrogen ejected from the hydrogen jet outlet meet at the injection outlet and undergo a combustion reaction. The pulverized coal channel has a pulverized coal outlet, and the raw material ejected from the pulverized coal outlet is suitable for mixing with the fuel ejected from the injection outlet (i.e., the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas generated by the combustion reaction of oxygen and hydrogen after meeting at the injection outlet) to undergo a hydrogenation gasification reaction. However, the mixing effect of the pulverized coal entering the gasifier in this patent is still insufficient. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a nozzle for hydropyrolysis, which ensures uniform mixing and rapid heating of pulverized coal with high-temperature hydrogen-rich materials, thereby ensuring pyrolysis performance indicators.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: A nozzle for hydropyrolysis includes a nozzle body, a pulverized coal channel penetrating the nozzle body and used for supplying pulverized coal, and an injection assembly surrounding the pulverized coal channel for supplying gas. A pre-dispersion assembly is disposed inside the pulverized coal channel. The pre-dispersion assembly is a rod-shaped body with a narrowed top section. The bottom end of the pre-dispersion assembly is flush with the bottom end of the pulverized coal channel, and an annular pulverized coal outlet is formed between the pre-dispersion assembly and the pulverized coal channel.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-dispersion component is embedded in the center of the pulverized coal channel via the positioning component.

[0009] Furthermore, the pre-dispersion component is a rod-shaped body that can be made of metal such as steel. The cross-section of the pre-dispersion component can be rectangular, circular or elliptical, etc. The length direction of the pre-dispersion component is consistent with the axial direction of the coal powder channel, and the diameter reduction section gradually decreases upward, preferably a cone or frustum, or a truncated cone or frustum.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the inclined surface of the narrowed section at the top of the pre-dispersion component and the direction of the incoming coal powder is set as α, which can be 10-80°, preferably α=30-60°. The material of the top of the pre-dispersion component can be, for example, nickel-based alloy steel, and it is specially treated to avoid excessive wear.

[0011] Furthermore, the pre-dispersion component has a centrally located dispersing gas channel for supplying dispersing gas. This channel is distributed along the axial or longitudinal direction of the pre-dispersion component, with a dispersing gas outlet at its bottom. The dispersing gas outlet is a single, straight pipe, located at the same cross-section as the pulverized coal outlet. The dispersing gas channel is connected to a dispersing gas supply pipeline, which extends to the outside of the pulverized coal channel. In practical applications, under the premise of ensuring stable pulverized coal transportation, especially given a constant pulverized coal transportation volume, speed, and density within the pulverized coal channel, dispersing gas is introduced into the pre-dispersion component through the dispersing gas supply pipeline and the dispersing gas channel. This achieves the pre-dispersion process before the pulverized coal collides with the main jet. The selection of the dispersing gas source is consistent with the gas source used for pulverized coal transportation.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom end of the dispersing gas channel is provided with a sealing plate of a certain thickness. Multiple jet holes for dispersing gas are opened on the sealing plate, and these jet holes are arranged in a circumferential array (interspersed at intervals along the circumference of the sealing plate). Preferably, the jet holes are inclined, with the inlet of the jet hole closer to the central axis of the dispersing gas channel than the outlet. The axial angle between the jet hole and the pre-dispersing component can be, for example, 10-30 degrees. In practical applications, the dispersing gas is dispersed into multiple small airflows through the jet holes. The preferred jet velocity of the dispersing gas is 120-150 m / s. The small high-speed airflows have a pre-dispersing effect after being ejected, reducing the axial jet velocity of the pulverized coal. The inclined arrangement of the jet holes achieves oblique impact of the small high-speed airflows, increasing the radial force on the pulverized coal, increasing the dispersion angle, and reducing the dispersion path.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple swirl vanes are fixed at the outlet of the diffused gas channel, that is, they are distributed circumferentially along the outlet of the diffused gas, preferably evenly distributed. The swirl vanes are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the diffused gas channel, and the swirl vanes are inclined to form a swirl angle β, wherein the swirl angle is preferably 30-60°. By setting the swirl vanes, the jet angle of the diffused gas is optimized into a swirl direction, and the gas is sprayed out at a certain swirl angle to achieve pre-swirl dispersion with pulverized coal, thereby further optimizing the flow characteristics of pulverized coal entering the furnace.

[0014] Furthermore, the pulverized coal channel is located at the center of the nozzle body and extends through both the upper and lower ends of the nozzle body for supplying pulverized coal. The top end of the pulverized coal channel can be a blind end. The pulverized coal channel is connected to multiple pulverized coal supply pipelines. The pulverized coal supply pipelines are located above the pre-dispersion assembly. The multiple pulverized coal supply pipelines enter the pulverized coal channel from the side and are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the pulverized coal channel, for example, 4-9 pipelines, and the angle between them and the upper section of the pulverized coal channel is an acute angle.

[0015] Furthermore, the injection components are evenly distributed around the pulverized coal channel. Each injection component includes a hydrogen jet channel and an oxygen jet channel. Typically, multiple injection components are distributed around the outer periphery of the bottom opening of the pulverized coal channel, such as 4-12, usually 6-9. The hydrogen jet channel is fitted outside the oxygen jet channel. The outlet of the hydrogen jet channel and the outlet of the oxygen jet channel together constitute the injection outlet.

[0016] Furthermore, the nozzle body is equipped with a hydrogen supply pipeline, an oxygen supply pipeline, an oxygen distribution chamber, and a hydrogen distribution chamber. The hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber, and the oxygen supply pipeline is connected to the oxygen distribution chamber. The oxygen distribution chamber is located on the upper outer side of the hydrogen distribution chamber and is usually smaller in volume than the hydrogen distribution chamber. The oxygen jet channel extends from the oxygen distribution chamber, passes through the interior of the hydrogen distribution chamber, and enters the hydrogen jet channel. The inlet of the hydrogen jet channel is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber, and the inlet of the oxygen jet channel is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention relates to a nozzle for hydropyrolysis. A pre-dispersion component is installed within the pulverized coal channel. The top of the pre-dispersion component is arranged with a conical inclined surface to achieve initial flow breaking and force the pulverized coal to diffuse outwards. The pre-dispersion component contains a dispersing gas channel connected to a dispersing gas supply pipeline, introducing dispersing gas into the pre-dispersion component to achieve a pre-dispersion process before the pulverized coal collides with the main jet. Through jet holes located at the bottom of the dispersing gas channel, the dispersing gas is dispersed into multiple small airflows. These small, high-speed airflows, after being ejected, have a pre-dispersing effect, reducing... The axial jet flow of pulverized coal is achieved by tilting the jet orifice to create a small, high-speed airflow that impacts the coal at an angle, increasing the radial force of the pulverized coal, increasing the dispersion angle, and reducing the dispersion path. By using swirl vanes inside the dispersion gas channel, the jet angle of the dispersion gas is optimized into a swirling direction, and the gas is ejected at a certain swirling angle to achieve pre-swirling dispersion with the pulverized coal, further optimizing the flow characteristics of the pulverized coal entering the furnace. The pre-dispersion component is highly flexible, and the nozzle can flexibly adjust the amount of pre-dispersion gas according to changes in the pulverized coal delivery rate to adapt to different operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a nozzle for hydropyrolysis according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-dispersion component.

[0020] Figure 3 This is one method of setting up the diffuse gas outlet.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the jet orifice distribution.

[0022] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the jet hole penetrating the sealing plate.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the inclined setting of the jet orifice.

[0024] Figure 7 This is another way to set up the diffuse gas outlet.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a swirl vane.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a top view of the positioning component.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Powdered coal channel, 2-Powdered coal supply pipeline, 3-Hydrogen supply pipeline, 4-Pre-dispersion assembly, 4-1-Inclined surface, 5-Dispersion gas supply pipeline, 5-1-Dispersion gas channel, 5-2-Dispersion gas outlet, 5-2-1-Jet hole, 5-2-2-Swirl vane, 5-2-3-Sealing plate, 6-Oxygen supply pipeline, 7-Oxygen distribution chamber, 8-Hydrogen distribution chamber, 9-Nozzle body, 10-Powdered coal outlet, 11-Injection assembly, 11-1-Hydrogen jet channel, 11-2-Oxygen jet channel, 12-Positioning assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1-9 As shown, a nozzle for hydropyrolysis includes a nozzle body 9, a pulverized coal channel 1 that penetrates the nozzle body 9 and is used to supply pulverized coal, and an injection assembly 11 that surrounds the pulverized coal channel 1 and is used to supply gas. A pre-dispersion assembly 4 is provided inside the pulverized coal channel 1. The pre-dispersion assembly 4 is a rod-shaped body with a narrowed section 4-1 at the top. The bottom end of the pre-dispersion assembly 4 is flush with the bottom end of the pulverized coal channel 1. An annular pulverized coal outlet 10 is formed between the pre-dispersion assembly 4 and the pulverized coal channel 1. In practical applications, the bottom end of the pre-dispersion component 4 is flush with the bottom end of the pulverized coal channel 1 to ensure the consistency of pulverized coal conveying parameters, such as pulverized coal conveying volume, conveying speed, and conveying density. An annular pulverized coal outlet 10 is formed between the pre-dispersion component 4 and the pulverized coal channel 1. Under the same cross-sectional area, the annular pulverized coal outlet 10 has a larger diffusion area, which can reduce the momentum in the central axial direction, prevent pulverized coal from accumulating in the central region of the jet, and thus reduce the diffusion path in the central axial direction, effectively promoting the diffusion of pulverized coal. The top end of the pre-dispersion component 4 is set as a narrowing section 4-1 to achieve the purpose of initial flow breaking and force the pulverized coal to diffuse in all directions.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 9As shown, in one embodiment, the pre-dispersion component 4 is embedded in the center of the pulverized coal channel 1 via the positioning component 12. The positioning component 12 includes a plurality of rectangular rods distributed around the pre-dispersion component 4. One end of the positioning component 12 is connected to the pre-dispersion component 4, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the pulverized coal channel 1.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the pre-dispersion component 4 is a rod-shaped body that can be made of metal such as steel. The cross-section of the pre-dispersion component 4 can be rectangular, circular or elliptical, etc. The length direction of the pre-dispersion component 4 is consistent with the axial direction of the coal powder channel 1. The diameter reduction section 4-1 gradually decreases upward, preferably a cone or frustum cone, or a truncated cone or frustum cone.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment, the angle between the inclined surface of the narrowed section 4-1 at the top of the pre-dispersion component 4 and the direction of the incoming coal powder is set to α. α can be 10-80°, preferably α=30-60°. The material of the top of the pre-dispersion component 4 can be, for example, nickel-based alloy steel, and it is specially treated to avoid excessive wear.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, in another embodiment, the pre-dispersion component 4 has a dispersing gas channel 5-1 at its center for conveying dispersing gas. The dispersing gas channel 5-1 is distributed along the axial or longitudinal direction of the pre-dispersion component 4, and the bottom end of the dispersing gas channel 5-1 forms a dispersing gas outlet 5-2. The dispersing gas outlet 5-2 is a straight pipe-type single channel, and the dispersing gas outlet 5-2 is located at the same cross-sectional position as the pulverized coal outlet 10. The dispersing gas channel 5-1 is connected to the dispersing gas supply pipeline 5, which extends to the outside of the pulverized coal channel 1. In specific applications, under the premise of ensuring stable pulverized coal conveying, especially under the premise that the pulverized coal conveying volume, conveying speed, and conveying density in the pulverized coal channel 1 are constant, dispersing gas is introduced into the pre-dispersion component 4 by setting up the dispersing gas supply pipeline 5 and the dispersing gas channel 5-1 to realize the pre-dispersion process before the pulverized coal collides with the main jet. The mass percentage of the dispersing gas in the pulverized coal is preferably 5wt%-10wt%, and the selection of the dispersing gas source is consistent with the gas source used for pulverized coal conveying.

[0034] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, in another embodiment, the bottom end of the diffused gas channel 5-1 is provided with a sealing plate 5-2-3 of a certain thickness. The sealing plate 5-2-3 has multiple jet holes 5-2-1 for the diffused gas to be ejected. These jet holes 5-2-1 are arranged in a circumferential array (distributed at intervals around the circumference of the sealing plate 5-2-3). Preferably, the jet holes 5-2-1 are inclined (e.g., ...). Figure 6As shown in the diagram, the air inlet of the jet orifice 5-2-1 is closer to the central axis of the dispersing gas channel 5-1 than the air outlet. The axial angle between the jet orifice 5-2-1 and the pre-dispersing component 4 can be, for example, 10-30 degrees. In specific applications, the dispersing gas is dispersed into multiple small airflows through the jet orifice 5-2-1. The preferred flow velocity of the dispersing gas jet is 120-150 m / s. After the small high-speed airflows are ejected, they have a pre-dispersing effect, reducing the axial jet momentum of the pulverized coal. Through the inclined setting of the jet orifice 5-2-1, the oblique impact of the small high-speed airflows is achieved, increasing the radial force of the pulverized coal, increasing the dispersion angle, and reducing the dispersion path.

[0035] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in another embodiment, multiple swirl vanes 5-2-2 are fixed at the position of the diffused gas outlet 5-2 in the diffused gas channel 5-1. That is, they are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the diffused gas outlet 5-2, preferably evenly distributed. The swirl vanes 5-2-2 are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the diffused gas channel 5-1. The swirl vanes 5-2-2 are inclined and form a swirl angle β, wherein the swirl angle is preferably 30-60°. By setting the swirl vanes 5-2-2, the jet angle of the diffused gas is optimized into a swirl direction and sprayed out at a certain swirl angle to achieve pre-swirl dispersion with pulverized coal, further optimizing the flow characteristics of pulverized coal entering the furnace.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the pulverized coal channel 1 is located at the center of the nozzle body 9 and extends through both the upper and lower ends of the nozzle body 9 to supply pulverized coal. The top end of the pulverized coal channel 1 is a blind end. The pulverized coal channel 1 is connected to multiple pulverized coal supply pipes 2. The pulverized coal supply pipes 2 are located above the pre-dispersion component 4, that is, the opening of the pulverized coal supply pipe 2 is located at a distance above the top of the pre-dispersion component 4. Multiple pulverized coal supply pipes 2 enter the pulverized coal channel 1 from the side and are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the pulverized coal channel 1, for example, 4-9 pipes, and the angle between them and the upper section of the pulverized coal channel 1 is an acute angle, for example, 30-45°.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the injection components 11 are evenly distributed around the pulverized coal channel 1. Each injection component 11 includes a hydrogen jet channel 11-1 and an oxygen jet channel 11-2. Typically, multiple injection components are distributed around the outer periphery of the bottom opening of the pulverized coal channel 1, such as 4-12, usually 6-9. The hydrogen jet channel 11-1 is fitted outside the oxygen jet channel 11-2. The outlet of the hydrogen jet channel 11-1 and the outlet of the oxygen jet channel 11-2 together constitute the injection outlet.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the nozzle body 9 is equipped with a hydrogen supply pipeline 3, an oxygen supply pipeline 6, an oxygen distribution chamber 7, and a hydrogen distribution chamber 8. The hydrogen supply pipeline 3 is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber 8, and the oxygen supply pipeline 6 is connected to the oxygen distribution chamber 7. The oxygen distribution chamber 7 is located on the upper outer side of the hydrogen distribution chamber 8 and is usually smaller in volume than the hydrogen distribution chamber 8. The oxygen jet channel 11-2 extends from the oxygen distribution chamber 7, passes through the interior of the hydrogen distribution chamber 8, and enters the hydrogen jet channel 11-1. The inlet of the hydrogen jet channel 11-1 is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber 8, and the inlet of the oxygen jet channel 11-2 is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber 8.

[0039] During operation, hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution chamber 8 through the hydrogen supply pipeline 3. The pressure difference between the distribution chamber and the hydrogen jet channels 11-1 ensures uniform distribution of the hydrogen, which then flows into each hydrogen jet channel 11-1. Similarly, oxygen enters the oxygen distribution chamber 7 through the oxygen supply pipeline 6. The pressure difference between the distribution chamber and the oxygen jet channels 11-2 ensures uniform distribution to each oxygen jet channel 11-2. At the injection outlet of the injection assembly 11, the uniformly distributed hydrogen and oxygen meet and undergo a vigorous combustion reaction, generating high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas at approximately 1200-1500℃. This high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas then impacts the pulverized coal ejected from the pulverized coal outlet at high speed, mixing thoroughly and rapidly heating up, thereby initiating a hydrogenation pyrolysis reaction and achieving efficient conversion of the pulverized coal.

[0040] The essence of gas-solid impact mixing is the momentum ratio between the two phases. According to Newton's law, momentum mv = Ft. Momentum actually represents the force exerted by the impacting gas flow on solid particles. The greater the momentum, the greater the force exerted by the gas on the solid particles, making it easier to disperse the solid and thus improving mixing efficiency. Studies have shown that the momentum ratio of gas-solid two-phase jet mixing performance meets the requirements, achieving high gas-solid mixing performance. For a specific process, the gas-coal mass ratio is constant; therefore, the mixing and dispersion between the gas and solid phases is determined by the velocity difference between the two phases. Since hydrogenation is a large-volume hydrogen cycle process, the total hydrogen circulation volume of the system is relatively large. As the gas phase jet velocity gradually increases, the system's cycle power consumption will increase. Therefore, under the conditions of meeting engineering application requirements, a smaller gas phase jet velocity is preferred. After calculation, the optimal range for the gas phase jet velocity was determined to be 70-90 m / s. To meet the requirements of a high gas-solid mixing process, a pre-dispersion component 4 is set up to achieve the dispersion process of solid particles themselves at the coal powder outlet 10, reduce the jet momentum along the axial direction, increase the radial momentum of coal powder near the nozzle outlet, which is conducive to the free diffusion of coal powder in all directions. On this basis, relying on the impact of multiple circumferentially distributed high-speed gas, the coal powder and high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas are uniformly mixed and rapidly heated.

[0041] By installing a pre-dispersion component 4 within the pulverized coal channel 1, the flow characteristics of pulverized coal entering the furnace are significantly improved. Through inclined jet holes 5-2-1 or swirl vanes 5-2-2, the central swirling flow of the pulverized coal is increased, reducing the single axial jet velocity and momentum, while simultaneously forcing radial jet flow, increasing the dispersion angle, shortening the dispersion path, and optimizing the distribution of pulverized coal within the furnace. From the perspective of pulverized coal transport, reducing the axial jet flow of the solid phase of the pulverized coal, while keeping the gas phase jet flow constant, significantly increases the impact momentum ratio, thereby greatly enhancing the mixing effect between high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas and pulverized coal. Hot-state testing verified that the addition of the pre-dispersion component 4 significantly improved the gasification performance indicators of hydropyrolysis. The total carbon conversion rate increased by 5%, with methane yield increasing by 3% and oil yield increasing by 2%, and the degree of oil lightening further improved. These results fully demonstrate the significant advantages of the added pre-dispersion component 4 in improving the mixing effect, providing strong support for the efficient operation of pulverized coal hydropyrolysis technology.

[0042] On the other hand, the pre-dispersion component 4 is highly flexible. Its key adjustable parameter is the central pre-dispersion gas volume. This characteristic allows the nozzle to be flexibly adjusted according to changes in the coal powder delivery rate, thus adapting to different operating conditions. When the system coal load is between 50% and 75%, the nozzle mainly relies on its own dispersion process and the strong impact of the main jet to achieve a relatively ideal mixing effect between the coal powder and the airflow. At this time, the pre-dispersion gas volume can be kept at a low level, which can meet the mixing requirements and effectively save gas resources. When the coal load is further increased to 75% to 110%, the system has more stringent requirements for the mixing effect. At this time, by increasing the pre-dispersion gas volume, the efficiency and uniformity of the pre-dispersion process can be significantly improved. The increased pre-dispersion gas can more fully disperse the coal powder particles, making their contact with the airflow more sufficient, thereby achieving a better mixing effect and providing better initial conditions for the subsequent main jet impact and pyrolysis process.

[0043] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A nozzle for hydrothermal pyrolysis, characterized by, It includes a nozzle body (9), a pulverized coal channel (1) that penetrates the nozzle body (9) and is used to supply pulverized coal, and an injection assembly (11) that surrounds the pulverized coal channel (1) and is used to supply gas. A pre-dispersion assembly (4) is provided inside the pulverized coal channel (1). The pre-dispersion assembly (4) is a rod-shaped body with a narrowed section (4-1) at the top. The bottom end of the pre-dispersion assembly (4) is flush with the bottom end of the pulverized coal channel (1). An annular pulverized coal outlet (10) is formed between the pre-dispersion assembly (4) and the pulverized coal channel (1).

2. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The pre-dispersion component (4) is embedded in the center of the pulverized coal channel (1) via the positioning component (12).

3. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The pre-dispersion component (4) is a rod-shaped metal body, and the length direction of the pre-dispersion component (4) is consistent with the axial direction of the pulverized coal channel (1); and / or The reduced diameter section (4-1) is a cone or frustum, or a truncated cone or frustum.

4. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The angle between the inclined surface of the narrowed section (4-1) at the top of the pre-dispersion component (4) and the direction of the incoming coal powder is 30-60°.

5. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 3, wherein, The pre-dispersion component (4) has a dispersing gas channel (5-1) for conveying dispersing gas in its center. The dispersing gas channel (5-1) is distributed along the axial or longitudinal direction of the pre-dispersion component (4). The bottom end of the dispersing gas channel (5-1) forms a dispersing gas outlet (5-2). The dispersing gas outlet (5-2) is a straight pipe-type single channel. The dispersing gas outlet (5-2) and the pulverized coal outlet (10) are located at the same cross-sectional position. The dispersing gas channel (5-1) is connected to the dispersing gas supply pipeline (5). The dispersing gas supply pipeline (5) extends to the outside of the pulverized coal channel (1).

6. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 5, wherein, The bottom end of the diffused gas channel (5-1) is provided with a sealing plate (5-2-3). The sealing plate (5-2-3) has multiple jet holes (5-2-1) for diffused gas to be ejected. The multiple jet holes (5-2-1) are arranged in a circumferential array. The jet holes (5-2-1) are inclined. The air inlet of the jet hole (5-2-1) is closer to the central axis of the diffused gas channel (5-1) than the air outlet. The axial angle between the jet hole (5-2-1) and the pre-diffusing component (4) is 10-30 degrees.

7. The hydroupgrading nozzle of claim 5, wherein, Multiple swirl vanes (5-2-2) are fixed at the diffused gas outlet (5-2) of the diffused gas channel (5-1). The swirl vanes (5-2-2) are evenly fixed on the inner wall of the diffused gas channel (5-1). The swirl vanes (5-2-2) are inclined and form a swirl angle β, where the swirl angle is 30-60°.

8. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The pulverized coal channel (1) is located at the center of the nozzle body (9) and extends through the upper and lower ends of the nozzle body (9) for supplying pulverized coal. The pulverized coal channel (1) is connected to multiple pulverized coal supply pipelines (2), which are located above the pre-dispersion assembly (4).

9. The hydrono-deoly sis nozzle of claim 1 wherein, The injection components (11) are evenly distributed around the pulverized coal channel (1). Each injection component (11) includes a hydrogen jet channel (11-1) and an oxygen jet channel (11-2). The hydrogen jet channel (11-1) is fitted outside the oxygen jet channel (11-2). The outlet of the hydrogen jet channel (11-1) and the outlet of the oxygen jet channel (11-2) together constitute the injection outlet.

10. The hydropyrolysis nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The nozzle body (9) is equipped with a hydrogen supply pipeline (3), an oxygen supply pipeline (6), an oxygen distribution chamber (7) and a hydrogen distribution chamber (8). The hydrogen supply pipeline (3) is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber (8), the oxygen supply pipeline (6) is connected to the oxygen distribution chamber (7), the inlet of the hydrogen jet channel (11-1) is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber (8), and the inlet of the oxygen jet channel (11-2) is connected to the hydrogen distribution chamber (8).

Images