A stone back-up anchor member

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of stone back bolt components, it includes elastic dovetail bolt, pressing plate, dry hanging piece and nut connected in turn with anchor screw, the screw head end of anchor screw is set as inverted cone, pressing plate is equipped with back bolt hole matched with the thread, dry hanging piece is equipped with the aperture matched with thread;Elastic dovetail bolt is suitably connected in the screw head end of anchor screw, when elastic dovetail bolt is extruded by pressing plate, the head of elastic dovetail bolt occurs elastic expansion deformation, after removing extrusion force, the head of elastic dovetail bolt can rebound.It has beneficial effect, by pressing pressing plate and nut fastening, installation operation can be completed, installation is simple, and installation efficiency is high;Through the mechanical lock of elastic dovetail bolt and anchor screw, the problem that stone and back bolt anchoring is not firm, easy to loosen is solved, and through the elastic pre-tightening of spring bolt, the anchoring failure problem caused by adhesive aging of expansion type back bolt, knocking type back bolt due to vibration loosening is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building decoration technology, and in particular to a back bolt component for dry-hanging stone installation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of architectural decoration technology, dry-hanging stone installation requires reliable fixing components to solve the connection problem between the stone and the building structure. Common fixing methods in existing dry-hanging stone installations include chemical anchoring and mechanical anchoring. Chemical anchoring relies on adhesives, which are subject to aging risks. This can cause the adhesion between the stainless steel backing and the stone adhesive to decrease over time, potentially leading to hollowing or detachment of the stone panels, reducing the lifespan and safety of the curtain wall. Mechanical anchoring often uses a pin-type structure, requiring precise drilling during installation. Special tools such as expansion wrenches and torque meters are frequently needed, and the process is cumbersome, requiring multiple adjustments to the expansion amount and calibration of the position. Therefore, the installation process is complex and tedious, requiring not only multiple adjustments and fixations but also skilled workers and strict quality control. It demands high worker skills, and improper operation can easily lead to quality problems such as incomplete installation, reducing efficiency and affecting the overall structural stability. Furthermore, existing back bolts have poor seismic performance: the slabs are subjected to point loads, and under earthquakes and other vibrations, the stone and frame are connected as a whole, which is not conducive to displacement and deformation, resulting in poor seismic performance and a relatively low safety factor. Moreover, because the bolts are independently stressed, they are prone to loosening under load over long-term use, leading to inconsistencies in stability.

[0003] When using expansion or hammering methods for fixing, the anchors often don't fit tightly against the stone openings, or loosen over time or due to vibration, resulting in weak anchoring between the stone and the anchor bolts and reduced reliability of the stone fixing. Furthermore, traditional anchor bolts are mostly rigid expansion structures, which can create localized high pressure at the edges of the stone openings during expansion, causing brittle stones like marble and granite to crack due to stress concentration. Additionally, gaps often appear between the anchor bolts and the stone or dry-hanging components due to temperature expansion and contraction, and minor structural deformations such as foundation settlement, leading to reduced tightening force. Moreover, most anchor bolts use expansion screws that lack resilience, making them difficult to remove from the structure after installation and hindering maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the problems of insufficient stability, complex installation, cumbersome operation and low efficiency of existing technologies, this utility model provides a stone back bolt component, which can realize the rapid installation of stone hanging parts and reduce the difficulty of manual operation; the elastic dovetail bolt has resilience, which can be easily removed and reused; the linkage of multiple bolts to bear the force improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the back bolt component in the dry hanging of stone.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by this utility model include:

[0008] A stone back-bolt component includes an elastic dovetail bolt, a pressing plate, a dry-hanging component, and a nut connected in sequence by anchoring screws. The anchoring screw has an inverted conical head and a threaded shaft. The pressing plate has a back-bolt hole matching the thread, and the dry-hanging component has an opening matching the thread. The elastic dovetail bolt is fitted onto the head of the anchoring screw, and the pressing plate, dry-hanging component, and nut pass through the screw shaft in sequence. When the elastic dovetail bolt is subjected to pressure from the pressing plate, its head elastically expands and deforms. After the pressure is removed, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt springs back.

[0009] Optionally, the pressing plate is also provided with anti-slip grooves, which are located near the back bolt holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the anti-slip groove is composed of two or more raised ridges.

[0011] Optionally, a washer is provided around the opening of the back bolt hole on the pressing plate.

[0012] Optionally, a spring bolt is provided between the pressing plate and the dry-hanging component. When the spring bolt is deformed by compression, it can continuously apply a rebound force. The spring bolt is sleeved on the anchor bolt.

[0013] Optionally, the spring bolt is a spring coil with an opening in the middle.

[0014] Optionally, the pressing plate is provided with two or more back bolt holes, and correspondingly provided with two or more anchoring screws, elastic dovetail bolts, pressing plates and nuts.

[0015] Optionally, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt is configured as a spring plate with multiple slots in the middle, and the tail is configured as a ring adapted to the anchoring screw.

[0016] Furthermore, the slots are provided with four, five, or six slots, corresponding to four, five, or six spring sheets, and the outer side of the spring sheets is also provided with elastic protrusions.

[0017] Optionally, the screw head of the anchoring screw is provided with a protrusion that matches the slot of the elastic dovetail bolt, and the groove formed between the two protrusions is adapted to the spring plate of the elastic dovetail bolt.

[0018] Furthermore, the spring plate is designed to be wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and the slot is also wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The protruding part at the corresponding screw head end is also wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. When the elastic dovetail bolt is fitted onto the screw head end of the anchoring screw, rotating the anchoring screw or the elastic dovetail bolt allows the slot of the elastic dovetail bolt to engage with the protruding part on the anchoring screw, so that the elastic dovetail bolt and the screw head end of the anchoring screw form a smooth inverted cone shape. When the spring plate of the elastic dovetail bolt coincides with the protruding part on the anchoring screw, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt can undergo greater elastic expansion deformation.

[0019] Furthermore, the longitudinal section of the screw head end of the anchoring screw is an inverted trapezoidal section with a cone angle of 60°.

[0020] Optionally, the dry-hanging component is a single-hook, a single-double-hook, or a segmented, bent hook-shaped component.

[0021] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0023] This utility model discloses a stone back-bolt component. Because the anchor screw's head is designed with an inverted conical shape and a matching elastic dovetail bolt, only a hole needs to be drilled in the stone. The elastic dovetail bolt and anchor screw are inserted into the hole. When the elastic dovetail bolt is subjected to the pressure of the pressing plate, its head elastically expands and deforms, allowing for rapid installation of the stone hanger and reducing manual operation difficulty. It also improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the back-bolt component in dry-hanging stone. After the pressure is removed, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt springs back, allowing the anchor screw to be removed for disassembly, achieving the purpose of disassembly and reuse.

[0024] Compared to existing technologies, the stone back bolt component provided by this utility model can be installed simply by pressing the pressing plate and tightening the nut, making installation easy and requiring no special tools; it improves installation efficiency; by setting a combination of elastic dovetail bolts and anchoring screws, the mechanical locking of the elastic dovetail bolts is realized, solving the problem of weak anchoring and easy loosening of the stone and back bolts; and by setting the elastic pre-tightening of the spring bolts, the anchoring failure problem caused by adhesive aging of expansion type back bolts and loosening due to vibration of impact type back bolts is solved. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 An exploded view of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model after assembly.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model after assembly.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model during the installation process;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a front structural diagram of a preferred stone back bolt component during installation.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model during installation on the stone.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of a preferred stone back bolt component of this utility model installed on stone;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the stone back bolt component of this utility model, installed on the stone.

[0033] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0034] 1: Press plate;

[0035] 11: Anti-slip groove; 12: Back bolt hole; 13: Washer;

[0036] 2: Anchor screws;

[0037] 21: Extrusion groove;

[0038] 3: Elastic dovetail bolt;

[0039] 31: Spring sheet; 32: Elastic protrusion;

[0040] 4: Spring bolt;

[0041] 5: Hexagonal nuts;

[0042] 6: Dry-hanging parts;

[0043] 61: Screw hole;

[0044] 7: Stone. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To address the issues of insufficient stability, complex installation, and difficult maintenance in existing stone back-bolt components, this invention provides a stone back-bolt component. It utilizes anchor screws and elastic dovetail bolts for dovetail bolt anchoring, achieving tight fixation to the stone through compression expansion. The component also allows for removal and reuse through springback. Furthermore, multiple sets of dovetail bolt anchors are combined to enhance the stone's load-bearing capacity and reduce the probability of damage caused by uneven stress. Additionally, a pressing plate simplifies installation by employing a pressure-plate installation method, and the initial tightening of the bolts through compression facilitates subsequent installation and operation.

[0046] To better explain and facilitate understanding of this utility model, a detailed description of its specific embodiments is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," etc., are used interchangeably with other directional terms. Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0047] This utility model provides a stone back-bolt component, comprising an anchor screw, a flexible dovetail bolt, a pressing plate, a dry-hanging component, and a nut. The anchor screw has an inverted conical head and a threaded shaft. The pressing plate has a back-bolt hole matching the thread, and the dry-hanging component has an opening matching the thread. The flexible dovetail bolt is fitted onto the head of the anchor screw, with the bolt passing sequentially through the back-bolt hole of the pressing plate, the opening of the dry-hanging component, and the nut. When the flexible dovetail bolt is subjected to pressure from the pressing plate, its head elastically expands and deforms, tightening itself onto the head of the anchor screw and filling the stone opening for secure connection. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to the removal of the bolt.) After being pressed, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt can spring back. In use, a hole is made in the stone to match the screw head of the anchoring screw. The elastic dovetail bolt is fitted onto the screw head of the anchoring screw, and the screw head of the anchoring screw is inserted into the hole. The pressing plate is placed on the anchoring screw, and pressing the pressing plate will cause the elastic dovetail bolt to expand and deform, eventually tightening onto the end of the anchoring screw and filling the hole in the stone, thus securing the anchoring screw to the stone. The dry-hanging component is then installed on the anchoring screw and secured to the stone with a nut. When the nut, dry-hanging component, and pressing plate are removed, the elastic dovetail bolt will spring back, allowing the anchoring screw to be pulled out of the stone. The stone back bolt component can also be reused.

[0048] In one embodiment, a washer is provided between the anchor screw and the pressing plate. The washer can be directly set on the pressing plate and integrated with the pressing plate, or it can be set separately. During installation, the washer is installed separately. First, the washer is put on the anchor screw, and then the pressing plate is installed.

[0049] The use of washers fills the gap between the bolt and the hole, reducing the entry of moisture, dust, and other impurities into the hole or the contact area between the bolt and the substrate. This reduces the risk of the bolt rusting and corroding due to moisture, while preventing weathering and damage (such as efflorescence) caused by moisture seeping into the substrate, thus extending the service life of the connection system. Washers also increase the stress-bearing area, distributing concentrated stress over a larger area of ​​the press plate surface, preventing cracking and damage caused by excessive local pressure. Stone may also experience slight displacement or deformation due to temperature changes, vibrations (such as wind or earthquakes), subjecting the bolt connection to dynamic forces. Washers act as a buffer, absorbing some vibration energy, reducing wear or stress accumulation from rigid contact, and protecting the connection stability between the bolt and the stone. In actual construction, there may be slight deviations in the machining accuracy of the bolt hole or the installation position of the bolt. The thickness or elasticity of the washers can compensate for these errors within a certain range, ensuring a tight fit between the bolt and the substrate and guaranteeing the reliability of the connection.

[0050] This invention overcomes the problems of complex installation, cumbersome operation and inefficiency of existing technologies; it strengthens the load-bearing capacity of the stone back bolt component and enhances stability; it provides the possibility of secondary use of stone, as the back bolt is removable and reusable.

[0051] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A stone back-bolt component includes an anchor screw, a flexible dovetail bolt, a pressing plate, a dry-hanging component, and a nut connected in sequence. The anchor screw has an inverted conical head, larger at one end and smaller at the other, with the smaller end connected to a tail screw threaded on the tail screw. The pressing plate has a back-bolt hole matching the thread, and the dry-hanging component has an opening matching the thread. The flexible dovetail bolt is adapted to fit the head of the anchor screw; when its tail is compressed, its head elastically expands and enlarges; after the pressure is released, the head springs back. The flexible dovetail bolt, pressing plate, dry-hanging component, and nut are sequentially threaded onto the anchor screw. The flexible dovetail bolt is adapted to fit the head of the anchor screw; when the flexible dovetail bolt is subjected to the pressing force of the pressing plate, its head elastically expands and deforms; after the pressing force is released, the head of the flexible dovetail bolt springs back. In use, an opening is drilled in the stone to accommodate the screw head and flexible dovetail bolt. The flexible dovetail bolt is fitted onto the screw head of the anchor screw. The screw head with the flexible dovetail bolt is inserted into the opening in the stone. The threaded section of the anchor screw passes through the back bolt hole on the pressure plate, pressing the pressure plate towards the stone. The head of the flexible dovetail bolt expands and deforms, filling the space in the opening, thus securing the anchor screw to the stone. The dry-hanging component and nut are then installed on the screw thread, and the nut is tightened to secure the dry-hanging component firmly to the stone. This stone back bolt component enhances anchoring reliability through the mechanical locking of the flexible dovetail bolt.

[0054] Furthermore, a spring bolt is provided between the pressing plate and the dry-hanging component on the anchor bolt. The spring bolt, when compressed and deformed, continuously applies a restoring force. By tightening the nut, the pressing plate and the dry-hanging component can be completely secured. Furthermore, the nut is a hexagonal nut.

[0055] Dry-hanging components are single-hook, single-hook, or segmented bent hook-shaped parts used for conventional dry-hanging operations.

[0056] The elastic dovetail bolt expands and deforms under pressure from the pressing plate, filling the stone opening and securing it to the end of the anchor screw, achieving a "full fit" with the stone opening. At the same time, the spring bolt continuously provides rebound force after being compressed, which is transmitted to the hexagonal nut, forming a "two-way fastening" (dovetail bolt and stone anchoring + spring force continuously locking the component), preventing loosening due to vibration, temperature changes, etc., and significantly improving the anchoring firmness.

[0057] The elastic dovetail bolt of this invention expands and deforms more smoothly and conforms to the shape of the opening. The pressing plate evenly transmits the compressive force, so that the elastic dovetail bolt and the inner wall of the stone opening are in "surface contact" rather than "point contact", which greatly reduces local stress. At the same time, the elastic rebound force of the spring bolt is a flexible fastening, which can buffer external impact forces (such as earthquakes and wind loads), avoid stress overload at the stone opening caused by rigid transmission, and reduce the risk of cracking.

[0058] Furthermore, by using the designed spring bolt as an elastic component, the hexagonal nut remains in a "compression-rebound" state after being tightened. Its rebound force can dynamically compensate for gaps caused by environmental changes, such as thermal expansion and contraction of components and slight displacement of stone, to achieve long-term fastening and avoid the problem of fastening force decaying over time in traditional rigid connections.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Based on Example 1, the stone back-bolt component provided in this example, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a pressing plate 1, anchor screws 2, elastic dovetail bolts 3, spring bolts 4, hexagonal nuts 5, and dry-hanging parts 6. The pressing plate 1 is square and has two back bolt holes 12. Near the back bolt holes 12, there is an anti-slip groove 11. The anti-slip groove 11 is composed of multiple raised ridges or multiple small grooves to increase friction. The anti-slip groove 11 helps to apply pressure and prevent slippage when pressing the pressing plate 1. Washers 13 are provided around the openings of the back bolt holes 12 on the pressing plate 1. Washers are provided around the openings of the front and rear back bolt holes 12 on the pressing plate 1. The washers are integrated with the pressing plate 1, making installation easier. The washers not only increase the stress-bearing area but also distribute concentrated stress over a larger area of ​​the pressing plate surface, preventing cracking or damage caused by excessive local pressure. The washer also acts as a buffer, absorbing some vibration energy, reducing wear or stress accumulation caused by rigid contact, and protecting the connection stability between the anchor bolt and the stone. The anchor bolt 2 is inserted into the anchor bolt hole 12. The screw head of the anchor bolt 2 is used to connect to the stone, and the other end is connected to the dry-hanging component 6. One end of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is a wide end and the other end is a narrow end. When the narrow end is squeezed, the wide end will deform and expand. The elastic dovetail bolt 3 is fitted onto the screw head of the anchor bolt 2. The pressing plate 1 is used to press and expand the elastic dovetail bolt on the head of the anchor bolt 2. The elastic dovetail bolt is expanded and deformed by the pressing plate 1. The dry-hanging component 6 is connected and fixed on the tail screw of the anchor bolt 2 by a nut 5. The dry-hanging component 6 can be a single hook or a single double hook.

[0061] Specifically, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is designed with multiple slotted spring pieces in the middle. These spring pieces are wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, all forming a shape that matches the head of the anchor screw 2. The tail of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is a ring that matches the anchor screw. Correspondingly, the head of the anchor screw 2 has a protrusion that matches the slots of the elastic dovetail bolt 3. The compression groove 21 formed between two protrusions matches the spring pieces of the elastic dovetail bolt. The elastic dovetail bolt 3 is fitted onto the head of the anchor screw 2, and by rotating it, the head of the anchor screw 2 after fitting can form a smooth, rounded conical surface. Figure 1In the middle, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is provided with four slots and four spring plates 31. Each spring plate 31 is designed to be wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and the slots are also wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The protruding part corresponding to the screw head is also wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. When the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is fitted onto the screw head of the anchor screw 2, rotating the anchor screw 2 or the elastic dovetail bolt 3 allows the slot of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 to engage with the protruding part on the anchor screw 2. The spring plate 31 engages in the compression groove 21, so that the elastic dovetail bolt 3 and the screw head of the anchor screw 2 form a smooth inverted cone shape. When the spring plate 31 of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 coincides with the protruding part on the anchor screw 2, the elastic dovetail bolt 3 is compressed, which allows the head of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 to undergo greater elastic expansion deformation. When the spring plate 31 of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 coincides with the compression groove 21 on the anchor screw 2, due to the elasticity of the spring plate 31 itself, it forms a smooth inverted cone shape with the screw head of the anchor screw 2, making it easy for the anchor screw 2 to be pulled out of the opening in the stone. In addition, the extrusion groove 21 prevents the elastic dovetail bolt 3 from slipping on the anchor screw 2, keeping it in a tight state and avoiding structural failure due to loose connection, thereby improving the safety and durability of the entire structure.

[0062] Furthermore, when all the spring plates of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 form an inverted trapezoidal cross-section with a 60° cone angle at the tail, they expand under compression, forming a mechanical engagement with the inner wall of the stone opening, providing initial anchoring force, with a tensile strength ≥6kN. The elastic dovetail bolt 3 is made of 304 stainless steel, and shows no corrosion after 1000 hours of salt spray testing. Anti-slip textures (0.3mm depth) can also be laser-etched on the surface of the elastic dovetail bolt spring plates, increasing the coefficient of friction to 0.4 and preventing slippage.

[0063] Furthermore, an elastic protrusion 32 is provided on the outer side of the spring plate 31 away from the anchor screw 2. Specifically, the elastic protrusion 32 can be designed as a hollow, bent structure. The elastic protrusion 32 serves the following functions: 1. Enhancing the tightness of the fit with the connected stone: Utilizing the elasticity of the spring plate itself, the elastic protrusion forms a tight contact with the surface of the connected material (such as stone or ceramic slab) during installation, generating a certain pre-pressure. This pressure reduces the connection gap, prevents loosening of components due to vibration or displacement, and ensures the firmness of the connection. 2. Compensating for installation errors and material deformation: In actual construction, there may be slight deviations in the processing precision and installation position of the stone. The elastic protrusion can compensate for these errors through its own deformation (compression or rebound), ensuring that the spring plate and the connected stone are always in effective contact. When the ambient temperature changes or the material expands and contracts due to heat, the elastic protrusion provides a certain amount of expansion and contraction space, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid connections and protecting the stone from damage. 3. Buffering and shock absorption, absorbing dynamic loads: Stone may vibrate due to wind, earthquakes, or human activity. The elastic protrusions absorb some of the impact force through their elastic deformation, acting as a buffer. This reduces wear and fatigue damage to the connection points caused by vibration, extending the system's service life, especially in scenarios with high seismic resistance requirements. 4. Preventing slippage and displacement: When the elastic protrusions contact the surface of the connected components, they increase the friction of the contact surface (similar to "anti-slip protrusions"), effectively limiting the relative sliding of components in the horizontal or vertical directions, further improving the stability of the connection and preventing the suspended objects such as slabs from shifting due to external forces. In summary, the elastic protrusions are a key design feature of the spring sheet, enabling adaptive connections through "elastic adjustment." This ensures both the tightness and reliability of the connection, while also handling installation errors and dynamic loads, thus enhancing structural safety.

[0064] Spring bolt 4 is used for elastic compensation and dynamic buffering. Specifically, it can employ an open spring coil with a spring pre-compression of 3mm and an elastic modulus of 20N / mm, capable of absorbing ±2mm of displacement. Under seismic loads, the spring deforms to absorb energy (damping ratio 0.15), reducing rigid collisions between the stone and the dry-hanging components. The spring coil material uses piano wire (2.5mm diameter) instead of traditional spring steel, increasing fatigue life from 5000 cycles to 10000 cycles. The spring coil surface is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), reducing the coefficient of friction to 0.05 and minimizing stress loss.

[0065] Nut 5 is a hexagonal nut used to fasten spring bolt 4 to dry-hanging component 6. Made of 304 stainless steel, it, along with washers (1.5mm thick), distributes pressure and prevents crushing of the stone surface. Dry-hanging component 6 can be designed as a segmented, bent hook-shaped part. Specifically, it has a connecting plate in the middle, with a first hook-shaped part bent inwards on the upper part of the connecting plate, and a second hook-shaped part bent outwards after being horizontally bent downwards on the lower part of the connecting plate. The middle connecting plate has screw holes 61, through which it is fixed to anchor screws 2.

[0066] The pressing plate 1 has two back bolt holes 12, and is equipped with two sets of anchor screws 2, elastic dovetail bolts 3, spring bolts 4, hexagonal nuts 5, and dry-hanging parts 6. The front installation diagram after assembling the various parts of the stone back bolt components is shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the rear mounting is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0067] This utility model provides a stone back-bolt component that employs a dual anchoring mechanism consisting of a flexible dovetail bolt mechanical locking (tensile strength 6-8kN) and a spring bolt elastic pre-tightening (continuously providing 50-80N tightening force), increasing the overall anchoring force by 40% compared to traditional expansion-type back bolts. The spring bolts allow the stone to rotate within ±3°, absorbing seismic energy (e.g., no damage under 0.62g acceleration), improving seismic resistance by one level compared to traditional rigid connections. It also features dynamic compensation capabilities: spring deformation compensates for main structural settlement (≤2mm), preventing connection failure due to displacement differences and improving seismic performance. Each component is pre-assembled modularly, using factory-prefabricated anchor screws, flexible dovetail bolts, spring bolts, and dry-hanging components, reducing on-site installation time from the traditional 15 minutes / unit to 5 minutes / unit, increasing efficiency by 67%. The spring bolt opening design allows for ±3mm positional deviation, reducing reliance on the precision of stone drilling. The entire component completely eliminates epoxy resin and other adhesives, preventing anchoring failure due to aging and embrittlement.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for installing the stone back bolt component in Embodiment 2 above, including the following steps:

[0070] Step (1): Use a hole saw to drill several sets of two holes in the stone where back bolts need to be installed. The distance between the two holes should match the distance between the back bolt holes 12 on the pressing plate 1.

[0071] Step (2): Insert the elastic dovetail bolt 3 into the anchoring screw 2, aligning the spring plate of the elastic dovetail bolt 3 with the compression groove 21 of the anchoring screw 2. Then, insert the screw heads of the two anchoring screws 2 into the stone openings. After passing the threaded ends through the back bolt holes 12 on the pressing plate 1, press the pressing plate 1 against the elastic dovetail bolt 3. The structural diagram is shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0072] Step (3): Press your hand on the anti-slip groove 11 and press the pressing plate 1 in the direction of the stone. This will cause the elastic dovetail bolt 3 to expand and deform under the pressure of the pressing groove 21, and finally tighten it at the end of the anchor screw 2 and fill the opening of the stone, so that the anchor screw 2 and the stone are tightened.

[0073] Step (4): Insert the spring bolt 4 into the threaded end of the anchor screw 2, as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the dry-hanging component 6 is then inserted through the screw hole 61 into the threaded end of the anchor screw 2, and pressed against the spring bolt 4. Then, the hexagonal nut 5 is tightened along the thread. At this time, the spring bolt 4 is compressed and deformed, continuously applying a restoring force to completely secure the compression plate 1 to the dry-hanging component 6. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the back bolt component is now installed on stone 7, completing the installation.

[0074] Conventional dry-hanging work can be carried out using the dry-hanging component 6. Traditional back-bolt installation often requires specialized tools such as expansion wrenches and torque meters, and the steps are cumbersome, such as adjusting the expansion amount and calibrating the position multiple times, which requires high worker skills and results in low installation efficiency. However, the stone back-bolt component of this utility model simplifies the installation process: the dovetail bolt expands by pressing the anti-slip groove to complete the stone anchoring, and the component is tightened by "fitting in the spring bolt and tightening the nut". No complicated tools are required. It relies on "mechanical structure self-adaptation" (the dovetail bolt automatically fits the opening, and the spring bolt automatically compensates for the gap), reducing the dependence on worker skills and improving installation efficiency.

[0075] Traditional back bolts are mostly rigid connections, which cannot buffer impact forces under dynamic loads such as earthquakes and strong winds. This makes them prone to stone detachment or bolt breakage due to rigid collisions between components. This invention addresses the problem of weak earthquake and deformation resistance in stone back bolt components. The elastic properties of the spring bolts absorb dynamic load energy, such as vibrations during earthquakes and impacts from wind loads. The "deformation-rebound" process buffers the impact force, reducing rigid impact on the stone and the back bolts themselves. Simultaneously, the tight anchoring of the elastic dovetail bolts to the stone ensures that the stone does not shift relative to the load. Combined with the buffering effect of the spring bolts, this significantly improves the overall structure's earthquake and deformation resistance.

[0076] Because of its resilience, the elastic dovetail bolt can be easily pulled out by loosening the nut, removing the dry-hanging parts and the pressing plate, and allowing for easy disassembly and reuse.

[0077] The stone back bolt component provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0078] (1) Installation can be completed by pressing the pressing plate and tightening the nut. The installation is simple and requires no special tools.

[0079] (2) Through multiple sets of linked elastic dovetail bolts, the overall load-bearing capacity can be strengthened, and it is not easy to deform or fall off. The elastic dovetail bolts have better self-expansion fixing stability.

[0080] (3) The components can be easily removed by means of the elastic dovetail bolts, which facilitates later maintenance and replacement. The disassembly does not damage the stone and the materials can be reused.

[0081] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0082] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0083] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0084] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0085] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stone back bolt component, characterized in that, It includes an elastic dovetail bolt, a pressing plate, a dry-hanging component, and a nut connected in sequence by anchoring screws. The screw head of the anchoring screw is designed as an inverted cone shape, and its shank is threaded. The pressing plate has a back bolt hole that matches the thread, and the dry-hanging component has an opening that matches the thread. The elastic dovetail bolt is fitted onto the screw head of the anchoring screw, and the screw shank of the anchoring screw passes through the pressing plate, the dry-hanging component, and the nut in sequence. When the elastic dovetail bolt is subjected to the pressing force of the pressing plate, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt undergoes elastic expansion deformation. After the pressing force is removed, the head of the elastic dovetail bolt can spring back.

2. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressing plate is also provided with anti-slip grooves, which are located near the back bolt holes.

3. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A washer is provided around the opening of the back bolt hole on the pressing plate.

4. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A spring bolt is also provided between the pressing plate and the dry-hanging component. When the spring bolt is deformed by compression, it can continuously apply a rebound force. The spring bolt is sleeved on the anchor bolt.

5. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The spring bolt is a spring coil with an opening in the middle.

6. The stone back-bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressing plate is provided with two or more back bolt holes, and correspondingly provided with two or more anchor screws, elastic dovetail bolts, pressing plates and nuts.

7. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The head of the elastic dovetail bolt is a spring plate with multiple slots in the middle, and the tail is a ring that matches the anchoring screw.

8. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The slots are provided in four, five, or six positions, corresponding to four, five, or six spring sheets, and the outer side of the spring sheets is also provided with protrusions.

9. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor screw has a groove at the head end that matches the spring plate of the elastic dovetail bolt, and the protruding part between the two grooves matches the slot of the elastic dovetail bolt.

10. The stone back bolt component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dry-hanging component is a single-hook, a double-hook, or a segmented, bent hook-shaped part.

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