Apparatus and vehicle testing system for fault injection in vehicle testing

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for carrying out fault injection in vehicle test, the device is set up for the signal transmission path of vehicle sensor in series, its characterized in that, the device includes: signal input end for inputting the sensor signal of vehicle sensor, positive power supply, negative power supply, switch array, the switch array includes at least two control switch, at least one controllable amplifier, the controllable amplifier is powered by positive power supply and negative power supply, the input pin of controllable amplifier is connected with signal input end, and each control pin of controllable amplifier is connected with at least two control switch signal respectively, to be used for adjusting the gain of controllable amplifier through the different on-off combination of at least two control switch, and signal output end, and the output pin's fault signal of controllable amplifier is output to the vehicle through signal output end. The utility model also includes a vehicle test system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a device for fault injection in vehicle testing and a vehicle testing system. Background Technology

[0002] According to GB 21670—2025 "Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Braking Systems of Passenger Cars" issued on May 30, 2025, the vehicle's electronic braking control system needs to be verified and validated. This requires injecting faults into the relevant sensor signals in the electronic braking control system during vehicle operation, such as driving straight at a speed of 100 km / h, to test whether the vehicle meets the acceptance criteria in the verification and validation plan.

[0003] To inject faults in accordance with national standards, it is necessary to inject faults, such as offsets (including proportional amplification) and disturbances, into the relevant sensor signals. However, existing signal processing devices have low accuracy, poor stability, lack of flexibility, and potentially high space requirements, making it difficult to inject faults in a way that meets national standard testing requirements.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for devices and vehicle testing systems for fault injection in vehicle testing, in order to achieve high-precision, stable, and flexibly adjustable fault injection into sensor signals during vehicle testing, while also desiring a high degree of circuit integration and thus occupying the smallest possible space in the vehicle. Utility Model Content

[0005] The objective of this invention is to provide a device for fault injection in vehicle testing and a vehicle testing system that can inject faults into sensor signals with high precision, stability and flexible adjustment during vehicle testing, while having a high degree of circuit integration and thus occupying very little space in the vehicle.

[0006] The first aspect of this utility model relates to an apparatus for injecting faults during vehicle testing, the apparatus being configured to be connected in series in the signal transmission path of a vehicle sensor, wherein the apparatus comprises:

[0007] The signal input terminal is used to input the sensor signals from the vehicle's sensors.

[0008] Positive power supply, used to provide positive power voltage;

[0009] A negative power supply is used to provide a negative power supply voltage that is symmetrical to the positive power supply voltage.

[0010] A switch array, the switch array comprising at least two control switches;

[0011] At least one controllable amplifier, powered by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, its input pins connected to signal input terminals, and each control pin of the controllable amplifier connected to at least two control switch signals of a switch array, for adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier by different on / off combinations of the at least two control switches; and

[0012] The signal output terminal outputs a fault signal from the output pin of the controllable amplifier to the vehicle.

[0013] Within the scope of this invention, a fault can be flexibly injected into the sensor signal of a vehicle sensor using a controllable amplifier. Here, the sensor signal is offset (i.e., proportionally amplified) by the controllable amplifier according to the adjusted gain, thereby injecting faults into the sensor signal according to national standards. The device according to this invention eliminates the need for complex modifications to vehicle sensors, significantly reducing testing costs and debugging difficulty. Simultaneously, different offsets are reliably applied to the sensor signal by adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier, simulating different fault degrees. Furthermore, by providing a dual positive and negative voltage supply to the controllable amplifier to meet the requirements of signal amplification linearity, high-precision and stable fault injection can be achieved. Moreover, due to the high degree of circuit integration of the controllable amplifier, the device is compact and miniaturized, occupying minimal space in the vehicle without affecting the tester's driving operations, thus effectively ensuring the reliability and safety of the verification and confirmation tests of the brake electronic control system. Additionally, to change the gain, the tester only needs to switch the on / off states of the control switches in the switch array, which is undoubtedly simpler and more precise than the manual position adjustment of variable gain amplifiers in the prior art.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this invention, each control pin of the controllable amplifier can be connected to three control switch signals of a switch array, thereby achieving eight different gains through the controllable amplifier. Here, adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier through eight on / off combinations of the three control switches greatly enriches the selection of signal offset levels, thus simulating diverse fault conditions. For example, an LTC6910 series chip can be selected for the controllable amplifier.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the switch array can be powered by a power supply, which provides a power supply voltage different from the positive power supply voltage.

[0016] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the positive power supply voltage can be provided by a dry cell battery or converted from a vehicle low-voltage power supply; and / or the negative power supply voltage can be obtained by reversing the positive power supply voltage of the positive power supply; and / or the supply voltage can be obtained by converting the positive power supply voltage of the positive power supply. Here, the positive power supply preferably obtains a stable and continuous power supply from a vehicle low-voltage power supply, such as a 12V vehicle power supply. In particular, the 12V vehicle power supply voltage can be converted to a 5V positive power supply voltage to provide power to the entire device. Furthermore, a DC-DC negative voltage converter, such as the LM2682 series chip, can be considered for the negative power supply. The power supply may include, for example, a linear regulator chip, such as the RT9031 chip, thereby converting the 5V positive power supply voltage to a 3.3V voltage.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this invention, the device may include at least two controllable amplifiers, each processing sensor signals from different vehicle sensors. Particularly advantageously, at least two controllable amplifiers can be integrated within the same device, with each amplifier responsible for fault injection into a different vehicle sensor. This allows the device to be connected in series to the signal transmission paths of each vehicle sensor during test preparation, simplifying the testing process and avoiding repeated wiring.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the device includes a short-circuit switch that shorts the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal. Here, in order to conveniently cancel fault injection and eliminate the impact of the device's presence on vehicle operation, it is advantageous to allow the signal to bypass the entire circuit of the device by turning on the short-circuit switch.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this invention, a signal generator can be connected upstream or downstream of the controllable amplifier. Here, the signal generator advantageously injects additional signal perturbation into the sensor signal based on the signal offset.

[0020] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the signal generator may include a time base circuit and a first integrator circuit, a second integrator circuit, and an amplifier circuit connected in series downstream of the output pin of the time base circuit. This generates a square wave signal at the output pin of the time base circuit, a sawtooth wave signal at the first integrator circuit, a triangular wave signal at the second integrator circuit, and a sine wave signal at the amplifier circuit. Compared with traditional analog signal generators, this signal generator is not only much smaller in size but also achieves higher frequency resolution and generates cleaner and more stable waveform interference signals, thus providing a wider range of fault types for vehicle testing.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amplification circuit includes a first transistor, and a resistor and a capacitor are biased in parallel between the base and collector of the first transistor, and the sine wave signal is output from the collector of the first transistor.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the time base circuit is an NE555 chip, and a variable resistor set in the signal generator is used to adjust the frequency, duty cycle, amplitude and / or phase of the signal generator.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the generated square wave signal, sawtooth wave signal, triangular wave signal and sine wave signal are respectively connected to a selection switch, and the selection switch is used to select one of the square wave signal, sawtooth wave signal, triangular wave signal and sine wave signal for output.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle sensor is at least one of the following sensors: brake pedal displacement sensor, accelerator pedal displacement sensor, longitudinal acceleration sensor, and wheel speed sensor.

[0025] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the signal input terminal and / or the signal output terminal are configured as a DB9 port. By using the DB9 port commonly used in vehicles, the device can be easily connected in series in the signal transmission path of vehicle sensors.

[0026] The second aspect of this utility model relates to a vehicle testing system, wherein the vehicle testing system includes: a vehicle to be tested and the apparatus according to the first aspect of this utility model.

[0027] It should be noted that the features, functions, effects, and advantages of one aspect of this utility model can also be referred to the above description of other aspects of this utility model. Furthermore, the various aspects described in this utility model can be combined with each other in various ways.

[0028] Other features of this invention are derived from the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. All features and combinations thereof mentioned above in the specification, as well as features and combinations thereof mentioned below in the detailed description and / or shown separately in the drawings, can be used not only in the corresponding combinations given, but also in other combinations, or in their individual states. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a device according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 An exemplary circuit diagram of a signal generator according to the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a device according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 The apparatus shown for fault injection during vehicle testing is configured to be connected in series in the signal transmission path of a vehicle sensor, wherein the apparatus includes:

[0033] The signal input terminal SIN is used to input the sensor signal from the vehicle sensor;

[0034] Positive power supply PV is used to provide a positive power supply voltage;

[0035] The negative power supply NV is used to provide a negative power supply voltage that is symmetrical to the positive power supply voltage.

[0036] A switch array SA, the switch array comprising at least two control switches;

[0037] At least one controllable amplifier CA, powered by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, wherein the input pin IN of the controllable amplifier is connected to the signal input terminal SIN, and each control pin of the controllable amplifier CA is respectively connected to at least two control switch signals of the switch array SA, for adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier by different on / off combinations of the at least two control switches; and

[0038] The signal output terminal SOUT outputs a fault signal from the output pin OUT of the controllable amplifier CA to the vehicle.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The sensor signal from the vehicle sensor (not shown) can be input into the device via the SENSOR_IN and AGND terminals of the SIN input terminal. This sensor signal, after processing by the device, such as amplification by the controllable amplifier CA, can be offset, i.e., proportionally amplified, thereby injecting a fault into the sensor signal according to national standards. The sensor signal processed by the controllable amplifier CA can be referred to as a fault signal. This fault signal is returned to the vehicle sensor's signal transmission path via the SENSOR_OUT and AGND terminals of the SOUT output terminal, thus artificially simulating unexpected faults in the vehicle sensor caused by short circuits, interference, etc., and can be used to verify the vehicle, especially its braking electronic control system.

[0040] For example, the vehicle sensor may be at least one of the following sensors: a brake pedal displacement sensor, an accelerator pedal displacement sensor, a longitudinal acceleration sensor, and a wheel speed sensor. The device may be connected in series in the signal transmission path of the vehicle sensor, for example, in a hardwired connection between the vehicle sensor and the corresponding controller.

[0041] To perform the aforementioned amplification process, at least one controllable amplifier CA is used. First, a symmetrical positive and negative dual voltage supply is provided to the controllable amplifier CA. For this purpose, a positive power supply PV providing, for example, 5V, and a negative power supply NV providing, for example, -5V, are connected to the same controllable amplifier CA. This ensures the linearity requirements of signal amplification and thus enables high-precision and stable fault injection.

[0042] Furthermore, by adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier CA, different offsets can be reliably applied to the sensor signal, thereby simulating different levels of fault. Here, the control pin of the controllable amplifier CA can be controlled by the at least two control switches of the switch array SA, and the gain of the controllable amplifier CA is correspondingly controlled by the digital code formed by different on / off combinations of the at least two control switches (e.g., by logic "0" and "1").

[0043] exist Figure 1 The controllable amplifier CA shown herein can exemplarily include three control pins: G0, G1, and G2. The switch array SA correspondingly includes a first control switch S1, a second control switch S2, and a third control switch S3. Each control pin of the controllable amplifier CA can be connected to one of the three control switch signals of the switch array SA, thereby enabling eight different gains to be achieved using the controllable amplifier CA. Specifically, these control switches can occupy two states: "1" on and "0" off, and the combination of the three can advantageously form eight 3-bit digital codes, such as "000", "001", "010", ... up to "111". These different numerical codes provide inputs for gain selection of the controllable amplifier CA, thereby controlling the amplification gain of the output fault signal relative to the original input sensor signal, enabling diverse fault injection in the vehicle. Here, the LTC6910 series chip is particularly preferred for the controllable amplifier CA. For example, different on / off combinations of the first control switch S1, the second control switch S2, and the third control switch S3 can advantageously achieve different gains from -120 to 40 dB, thereby covering a variety of fault simulation scenarios.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, the switch array SA can be powered, in particular, by a power supply SV, which provides a supply voltage different from the positive supply voltage. It is conceivable that the positive supply voltage is provided by a dry cell battery or converted from a vehicle low-voltage power supply, particularly a 12V vehicle power supply. Here, the positive supply voltage is preferably 5V. Furthermore, an XL1509 series chip can be used for the positive supply PV to convert the 12V voltage provided by the vehicle low-voltage power supply to the 5V voltage required for the operation of the device. Alternatively or additionally, the negative supply voltage can be obtained by reversing the positive supply voltage of the positive supply PV, for example, reversing the 5V positive supply voltage to -5V. For this purpose, a DC-DC negative voltage converter, such as an LM2682 series chip, can be considered for the negative supply. Alternatively or additionally, the supply voltage can be obtained by reversing the positive supply voltage of the positive supply PV. The power supply can, for example, include a linear regulator chip, such as an RT9031 chip, thereby converting the 5V positive supply voltage to 3.3V.

[0045] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, to facilitate the cancellation of fault injection and eliminate the impact of the device's presence on vehicle operation, the device may further include a shorting switch SC that shorts the signal input terminal SIN and the signal output terminal SOUT. This allows the sensor signal to bypass the entire circuitry of the device by directly connecting the signal input terminal SIN and the signal output terminal SOUT using the shorting switch SC.

[0046] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a device according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the device may include at least two controllable amplifiers, such as a first controllable amplifier CA1 and a second controllable amplifier CA2, which respectively process sensor signals from different vehicle sensors. The vehicle sensors may be, for example, at least two of a brake pedal displacement sensor, an accelerator pedal displacement sensor, a longitudinal acceleration sensor, and a wheel speed sensor.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the sensor signals from the two vehicle sensors can be input into the device through the two pairs of terminals SIN: SENSOR1_IN, A1GND, SENSOR2_IN, and A2GND. The first sensor signal can be input from terminal SENSOR1_IN to the input pin IN of the first controllable amplifier CA1, and the second sensor signal can be input from terminal SENSOR2_IN to the input pin IN of the second controllable amplifier CA2. Thus, the first sensor signal can be amplified by the first controllable amplifier CA1, and the second sensor signal can be amplified by the second controllable amplifier CA2.

[0048] To adjust the gains of the first controllable amplifier CA1 and the second controllable amplifier CA2 separately, six control switches S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 are integrated in the switch array SA, for example. The control signals 1G0, 1G1, and 1G2 of control switches S1, S2, and S3 are used to control the control pins of the first controllable amplifier CA1, and the control signals 2G0, 2G1, and 2G2 of control switches S4, S5, and S6 are used to control the control pins of the second controllable amplifier CA2, thereby allowing independent adjustment of the gains of the first and second controllable amplifiers CA1 and CA2.

[0049] Here, the first controllable amplifier CA1 and the second controllable amplifier CA2 can also be supplied with 5V, -5V and 3.3V voltages by the positive power supply PV, the negative power supply NV and the power supply SV respectively.

[0050] The fault signal amplified by the first controllable amplifier CA1 is output to the SENSOR1_OUT terminal of the signal output terminal SOUT via its output pin OUT, while the fault signal amplified by the second controllable amplifier CA2 is output to the SENSOR2_OUT terminal of the same signal output terminal SOUT via its output pin OUT.

[0051] Particularly advantageously, the signal input terminal SIN and / or the signal output terminal SOUT can be configured as DB9 ports to facilitate the connection of the device in series in the signal transmission paths of the first vehicle sensor and the second vehicle sensor in the vehicle.

[0052] Figure 3 An exemplary circuit diagram of the signal generator SG according to the present invention is shown. The signal generator SG can be connected upstream or downstream of the controllable amplifier CA (or the first controllable amplifier CA1 and / or the second controllable amplifier CA2). This allows a waveform signal, as an interference signal, to be added to the original sensor signal or the fault signal to be output. The signal generator SG can be connected between the signal input terminal SIN and the input pin IN of the controllable amplifier CA, or it can be connected between the output pin OUT of the controllable amplifier CA and the signal output terminal SOUT. Here, the waveform signal of the signal generator SG can be output at the aforementioned location through the output port AOUT. Thus, the signal generator SG can advantageously inject additional signal perturbation into the sensor signal based on the aforementioned signal offset or signal amplification.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the signal generator SG may include a time base circuit IC and a first integrating circuit IG1, a second integrating circuit IG2 and an amplifier circuit AM1 connected in series downstream of the time base circuit output pin ICOUT, thereby generating a square wave signal at the time base circuit output pin ICOUT, a sawtooth wave signal at the first integrating circuit IG1, a triangular wave signal at the second integrating circuit IG2 and a sine wave signal at the amplifier circuit AM1.

[0054] exist Figure 2 In the signal generator SG shown, a low-voltage power supply, such as 12V, 9V, or 5V, powers the signal generator SG through the input port AIN. The supplied voltage is then supplied to the timer circuit IC through the anti-power diode D1 and the filter capacitor C9.

[0055] Preferably, the timer circuit IC can be an NE555 chip. An oscillation circuit is formed using resistor R1, first variable resistor RP1, and capacitor C2 with the NE555 chip. Pins 4 and 8 of the NE555 chip are set to high level, while pin 1 is grounded, and pin 5 is grounded through anti-interference capacitor C1. The oscillation circuit outputs a square wave signal through pin 3, i.e., the timer circuit output pin ICOUT. The amplitude of the square wave signal connected to point A of the selector switch SS can be adjusted by the voltage division of the second variable resistor RP2. Then, through the voltage division of the third variable resistor RP3 and the coupling of the DC blocking capacitor C3, the square wave signal reaches capacitor C4. The first integrator circuit IG1 consists of resistor R2 and capacitor C5. Point B of the selector switch SS is connected between resistor R2 and capacitor C5, thus obtaining a sawtooth wave signal. This sawtooth wave signal then forms a triangular wave signal through the second integrator circuit IG2, which consists of resistor R3 and capacitor C6. The triangular wave signal is also led out from between resistor R3 and capacitor C6 to point C of the selection circuit SS. This triangular wave signal is amplified by amplifier circuit AM1, which consists of resistors R4, R5, and R6, capacitor C7, and the first transistor Q1, to form a sinusoidal wave signal. This sinusoidal wave signal is introduced from the collector of the first transistor Q1 to point D of the selection switch SS. Particularly advantageously, a resistor R5 and a capacitor C7 are biased in parallel between the base and collector of the first transistor Q1, thus forming an amplifier circuit with negative feedback to stabilize the amplification factor and operating point of amplifier circuit AM1.

[0056] Therefore, the square wave, sawtooth wave, triangle wave, and sine wave signals generated by the signal generator SG can be connected to the selection switch SS, specifically to points A, B, C, and D, respectively. The output of any one of these signals can be selected by switching the jumper on the selection switch SS. Particularly preferably, to ensure low-impedance output from the signal generator SG, an emitter follower circuit AM2, consisting of resistors R7 and R8 and a second transistor Q2, can be installed downstream of the selection switch SS. Finally, the waveform signal from the signal generator is coupled through capacitor C8 and output from the output port AOUT.

[0057] Not limited to the circuit layout shown, the duty cycle and / or phase of the signal generator SG can also be adjusted by using additional rheostats and other electronic devices provided in the signal generator SG if necessary.

[0058] This invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but includes or extends to all technical equivalents that fall within the scope of the appended claims. The positional descriptions chosen in the specification, such as, for example, top, bottom, left, right, etc., refer to the direct description and the accompanying drawings, and can be adapted to new positions according to their meaning when the positions change.

[0059] The features disclosed in this application are important for the implementation of embodiments in different design aspects, not only individually but also in any combination.

[0060] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by utilizing the methods and techniques disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for injecting faults during vehicle testing, the apparatus being configured to be connected in series in the signal transmission path of a vehicle sensor, characterized in that, The device includes: The signal input terminal (SIN) is used to input the sensor signals from the vehicle's sensors; Positive power supply (PV) is used to provide a positive power supply voltage; Negative power supply (NV) is used to provide a negative power supply voltage that is symmetrical to the positive power supply voltage; A switch array (SA) comprising at least two control switches; At least one controllable amplifier (CA), the controllable amplifier being powered by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, the input pins of the controllable amplifier being connected to signal input terminals, and each control pin of the controllable amplifier being connected to at least two control switch signals of a switch array (SA) for adjusting the gain of the controllable amplifier by different on / off combinations of the at least two control switches; and The signal output terminal (SOUT) outputs a fault signal from the output pin (OUT) of the controllable amplifier (CA) to the vehicle.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each control pin of the controllable amplifier (CA) is connected to one of the three control switch signals of the switch array (SA), thereby enabling eight different gains through the controllable amplifier (CA).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch array (SA) is powered by a power supply (SV) that provides a power supply voltage different from the positive power supply voltage.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positive power supply voltage is provided by a dry cell battery or converted from a vehicle low-voltage power supply; and / or the negative power supply voltage is obtained by reversing the positive power supply voltage of the positive power supply (PV); and / or the supply voltage is obtained by converting the positive power supply voltage of the positive power supply (PV).

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The device includes at least two controllable amplifiers, each of which processes sensor signals from different vehicle sensors.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The device includes a short-circuit switch (SC) that shorts the signal input terminal (SIN) to the signal output terminal (SOUT).

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, A signal generator (SG) is connected upstream or downstream of the controllable amplifier (CA).

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The signal generator (SG) includes a time base circuit (IC) and a first integrator circuit (IG1), a second integrator circuit (IG2), and an amplifier circuit (AM1) connected in series downstream of the time base circuit output pin (ICOUT), thereby generating a square wave signal at the time base circuit output pin (ICOUT), a sawtooth wave signal at the first integrator circuit (IG1), a triangular wave signal at the second integrator circuit (IG2), and a sine wave signal at the amplifier circuit (AM1).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The amplifier circuit (AM1) includes a first transistor (Q1), with a resistor and capacitor connected in parallel bias between the base and collector of the first transistor, and the sine wave signal is output from the collector of the first transistor (Q1).

10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The time base circuit (IC) is an NE555 chip, which uses a variable resistor set in the signal generator (SG) to adjust the frequency, duty cycle, amplitude and / or phase of the signal generator (SG).

11. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The generated square wave signal, sawtooth wave signal, triangle wave signal and sine wave signal are respectively connected to the selection switch (SS), and one of the square wave signal, sawtooth wave signal, triangle wave signal and sine wave signal is selected for output through the selection switch (SS).

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The vehicle sensor is at least one of the following sensors: brake pedal displacement sensor, accelerator pedal displacement sensor, longitudinal acceleration sensor, and wheel speed sensor.

13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The signal input terminal (SIN) and / or the signal output terminal (SOUT) constitute a DB9 port.

14. A vehicle testing system, characterized in that, The vehicle testing system includes: a vehicle to be tested and an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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