Integrated animal lung-based thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model

Abstract

This utility model discloses an integrated thoracoscopic surgical simulation training model based on animal lungs, comprising a simulated surgical unit and a power unit. The simulated surgical unit consists of an outer cover, a lung cavity, and a base plate, and is equipped with intercostal channels and openings for retrieval, placement, and drainage. It also includes arteries, veins, trachea, water injection and overflow connectors, and a detachable leak-proof partition. The power unit includes an air pump, a blood circulation motor, a water injection motor, a blood meal tank, and a clean water tank, forming an air circuit, a blood meal circulation circuit, and an infusion / overflow circuit. The air circuit is equipped with a pressure valve, and the drainage circuit is equipped with a normally open solenoid valve. During use: preoperatively, a low-flow blood circulation and pressure-limited ventilation self-check is performed; during the operation, the air circuit is closed for thoracoscopic surgery, and any exudate / bleeding is recovered to the blood meal tank; postoperatively, ventilation is provided and pure water is infused until overflow, with air leakage detected by bubbles and bleeding by color difference underwater. The model has high simulation accuracy, intuitive interpretation, and is safe and easy to maintain. The integrated design facilitates transportation and installation at teaching sites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgical training model based on animal lungs and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently available thoracoscopic models are mainly divided into two categories: real lung models and models using virtual simulation systems.

[0003] 1. Realistic Lung Models: These models are typically based on CT data and created using 3D printing technology to accurately replicate the various components of the chest. Rigid resin is used to simulate the bony pleural cavity, rubbery resin for blood vessels and bronchi, while the lung parenchyma, muscles, and skin are simulated using different materials. This type of model provides a realistic entity for surgical training and education, enabling surgeons to gain a visual understanding of the anatomical structures and practice manipulation before actual surgery.

[0004] 2. Models using virtual simulation systems: These models utilize computer simulation technology to construct virtual human organ models within a virtual environment, ensuring the accuracy of human anatomical structures. They provide a risk-free environment where doctors can simulate surgical procedures, including laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries. Virtual simulation systems can provide multiple sensory experiences, such as tactile and visual feedback, enhancing the realism of surgical training and improving the effectiveness of simulation training.

[0005] Both models have their advantages: 3D printed models provide tactile feedback from the physical object, while virtual simulation systems offer a flexible virtual environment and repeatable operation.

[0006] Disadvantages / deficiencies of existing technology:

[0007] 1. Limitations of Structural Complexity: The anatomical structure of the lung is extremely complex, containing numerous branches and microstructures, such as the bronchial tree, alveoli, and a rich vascular network. Existing simulated lung models often cannot accurately replicate these complex three-dimensional structures, especially in simulating the microstructure and function of the lung.

[0008] 2. Lack of biomechanical properties: Existing model materials are mostly made of silicone or resin, lacking the specific biomechanical properties of real lung tissue, including softness, elasticity, and viscoelasticity. These properties are crucial for simulating the feel of surgical procedures. This material difference means that trainees lack tactile feedback from actual surgical procedures during training, making it difficult to develop refined surgical skills.

[0009] 3. Insufficient training in emergency response capabilities and poor clinical adaptability: Because most models cannot simulate sudden intraoperative situations, such as massive bleeding caused by vascular injury during surgery, trainees cannot effectively improve their emergency response capabilities during training. This disconnect between training and the actual clinical environment leads to inexperienced trainees having insufficient ability to react to emergencies when performing surgical procedures.

[0010] 4. High cost and complex operation limit the promotion and application of models: Although virtual reality (VR) and mechanical simulation equipment improve the simulation accuracy, their high cost and complex operation make it difficult to promote existing high-simulation equipment in primary healthcare institutions, schools, and other similar settings. Furthermore, the maintenance and use of the equipment requires professional personnel support, increasing training costs and difficulty of use, thus limiting its widespread adoption in medical education. Utility Model Content

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an integrated thoracoscopic surgical simulation training model based on animal lungs, particularly suitable for thoracic surgery, especially lung surgery, for operational training and examination. This device provides a highly realistic and easy-to-operate simulation system to reproduce the actual surgical environment, and its integrated design facilitates transportation and installation at teaching sites.

[0012] The solution to the above-mentioned technical problems provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0013] An integrated thoracoscopic surgical simulation training model based on animal lungs, comprising a simulation surgical unit and a power unit.

[0014] The simulated surgical unit includes an outer cover, a lung cavity, and a base plate;

[0015] The outer cover is shaped like the human chest and has hollowed-out channels between the ribs.

[0016] The lung-filling cavity forms a cavity for accommodating the animal's lungs. The lung-filling cavity has an opening for easy placement and removal of the animal's lungs, and this opening communicates with the cavity. The lung-filling cavity also has a drain outlet for easy drainage of exudate from the animal's lungs, which communicates with the cavity. The lung-filling cavity is equipped with an artery perforation plate connector, a vein perforation plate connector, a trachea perforation plate connector, a water injection perforation plate connector, and an overflow perforation plate connector. The outflow end of the artery perforation plate connector connects to the artery of the animal's lung; the inflow end of the vein perforation plate connector connects to the vein of the animal's lung; the inflow and outflow ends of the trachea perforation plate connector connect to the trachea of ​​the animal's lung; the outflow end of the water injection perforation plate connector communicates with the cavity; the inflow end of the overflow perforation plate connector communicates with the cavity; and the water injection perforation plate connector is lower than the overflow perforation plate connector. The lung-filling cavity is mounted on a base plate, and the base plate and the sidewalls of the lung-filling cavity form a water storage area.

[0017] A drainage through-plate connector is installed on the base plate, and the inflow end of the drainage through-plate connector is connected to the water storage area.

[0018] The outer cover is placed over the lung cavity, and the surgical instruments pass through the intercostal perforated channel and opening in sequence to reach the animal's lungs;

[0019] The simulated surgical unit also includes a reinforced box, a base plate installed on the top surface of the reinforced box, an outer cover installed on the top surface of the base plate, and the outflow end of the drainage through-plate connector extending into the reinforced box.

[0020] The power unit includes an air pump, a blood circulation motor, a water supply motor, a blood powder tank, and a clean water tank. The air pump, blood circulation motor, and water supply motor are installed inside the reinforced body, while the blood powder tank and clean water tank are located outside the simulated surgical unit.

[0021] The air pump is connected to the inlet and outlet of the trachea through-plate connector. Air enters the trachea of ​​the animal's lungs through the air pump, or air from the animal's lungs is discharged through the air pump.

[0022] One end of the blood circulation motor is connected to the blood meal tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the arterial perforation plate connector. The outlet end of the venous perforation plate connector is connected to the blood meal tank, and the outlet end of the drain perforation plate connector is connected to the blood meal tank.

[0023] One end of the water-filling motor is connected to the clean water tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the water-filling through-plate connector. The outlet end of the overflow through-plate connector is connected to the clean water tank.

[0024] In this design, the simulation surgical unit and the power unit are integrated, facilitating the overall transportation of the training model, reducing the footprint and wiring complexity, and enabling rapid deployment in clinical teaching scenarios. The blood meal tank and clean water tank are separately located outside the simulation surgical unit for easy cleaning.

[0025] Furthermore, the simulated surgical unit also includes a drainage baffle, which is installed above the drainage port. Exudate from the animal's lungs flows out through the drainage baffle and from the drainage perforation joint. In some embodiments, the drainage baffle can be installed on the drainage port of the lung cavity, or it can be integrally constructed with the drainage port of the lung cavity, as long as the exudate from the animal's lungs flows out through the drainage baffle and from the drainage perforation joint.

[0026] Furthermore, a normally open solenoid valve is connected to the outlet end of the drain plate connector, which connects to the blood meal tank. This normally open solenoid valve is located inside the reinforced housing. The switching of the normally open solenoid valve is mutually exclusive with the switching of the air pump. That is, when the air pump is turned on, the normally open solenoid valve is closed. At this time, the air pump draws air into the animal's lungs, inflating them. This serves two purposes: firstly, to check the integrity of the animal's lungs and the normality of the connection pathways before surgery; and secondly, to assess the surgical outcome after surgery by continuously supplying air to the trachea to re-expand the animal's lungs and observe for leaks, seepage, or incomplete re-expansion, thus evaluating the airtightness and patency of the suture, ligation, and resection sites.

[0027] Furthermore, a pressure valve is connected to the inflow end of the air pump connecting the air pipe through-plate connector, and the pressure valve is located inside the reinforced housing. The purpose of the pressure valve is to control the air supply pressure entering the animal's lungs within a set range, so as to avoid excessive expansion, tissue damage, or connection detachment of the animal's lungs caused by instantaneous high pressure or pressure fluctuations.

[0028] Furthermore, a sealing ring to prevent leakage is sandwiched between the bottom surface of the lung cavity and the bottom plate.

[0029] Furthermore, an arterial adapter is provided between the outflow end of the arterial perforation plate connector and the artery of the animal's lung, an venous adapter is provided between the inflow end of the venous perforation plate connector and the vein of the animal's lung, and a tracheal adapter is provided between the inlet and outlet ends of the tracheal perforation plate connector and the trachea of ​​the animal's lung.

[0030] In summary, within the surgical training model described above:

[0031] The gas flow direction is: air pump (suction / inhalation) – pressure valve – tracheal tube through-plate connector – animal lungs.

[0032] The flow of blood meal solution is as follows: blood meal tank – blood circulation motor – arterial plate connector – artery of animal lung – vein of animal lung – venous plate connector – blood meal tank.

[0033] The flow direction of the purified water used for testing is as follows: purified water tank → water filling motor → water injection plate connector → lung cavity assembly → overflow plate connector → purified water tank.

[0034] The flow path of exudate during surgery: animal lungs — leaking partition — protrusion on the bottom plate — drainage through-plate joint — blood meal tank.

[0035] How to use this surgical training model:

[0036] Step 1: Animal Lung Processing: Clean the surface of the animal lungs to remove dirt and residue. Select a single, intact animal lung (preferably the left lung), preserving sufficient length of the main bronchus, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein. Clamp and seal the bronchi and blood vessels of the other lung to prevent leakage. In normal human lung surgery, only one lung is operated on. The lung on the operated side needs to be de-ventilated and collapsed. The other lung is normally ventilated.

[0037] Step 2: Model Installation: Complete the assembly of the simulation surgery unit and power unit, and install the auxiliary pipes according to the predetermined flow direction of the medium: including the flow direction of air, blood powder solution, purified water for testing, and exudate during the operation. Add the prepared blood powder solution to the blood powder solution tank, add purified water to the clean water tank, and check that the sealing of each interface is reliable.

[0038] Step 3: Place the animal lungs processed in Step 1 into the lung cavity, and connect the arterial plate connector to the artery of the animal lung, the venous plate connector to the vein of the animal lung, and the tracheal plate connector to the trachea of ​​the animal lung in sequence according to the flow direction of the blood powder water.

[0039] Step 4: Turn on the main power, ensure all function switches are in standby mode, and then perform preoperative tests:

[0040] Turn on the power to the blood circulation motor and run it at low flow to check for leaks in the animal's lungs and check for reverse connections in the auxiliary tubing.

[0041] Turn on the air pump and observe whether the lung re-expansion and collapse are normal;

[0042] Step 5: Simulated surgical training: Close the airway and keep the cavity dry, and conduct thoracoscopic operation training; when the exudate from the animal's lungs or "bleeding" occurs during the operation, the liquid is recovered to the blood meal tank through the drain plate connector, and compression, electrocoagulation or clamping hemostasis training can be carried out simultaneously; during normal surgery, the amount of exudate from the animal's lungs is small, and the exudate will not have a significant impact on the color of the blood meal.

[0043] Step 6: Postoperative examination: Turn on the air pump and set the pressure limit. At the same time, close the normally open solenoid valve, start the water filling motor, and fill the lung cavity with purified water. Observe underwater for continuous bubbles (air leakage) and reddening of the water (bleeding). After completing the assessment, turn off the water filling motor. During the postoperative examination, even if bleeding occurs in the animal's lungs and contaminates the purified water, the color difference between the blood powder water and purified water is obvious. In addition, the postoperative examination is short in duration and the volume of fluid is relatively limited. Therefore, even if there is mild bleeding, the color change of the water is still easy to visually identify and will not significantly affect the observation and interpretation of leaking bubbles, thus not affecting the rapid assessment of air leakage and residual leakage.

[0044] Step 7: Finishing and Cleaning: Turn off the blood circulation motor, air pump and main power in sequence, dispose of lung tissue in accordance with the standard for harmless treatment, disassemble and clean the pipeline and filter / buffer components, and clean the blood powder tank and clean water tank.

[0045] This invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0046] (1) Highly realistic anatomy and multi-sensory immersion: Utilizing the natural arteriovenous network and alveolar structure of animal lung tissue, it can provide a complete lung structure, including fine structures such as the bronchial tree, alveoli, and vascular network, which is very helpful for trainees to understand and learn lung anatomy. Visual / auditory cues are close to clinical practice, facilitating accurate anatomical identification and intraoperative judgment.

[0047] (2) Realistic feel and mechanical feedback: Tissue elasticity, cutting resistance and suturing response are close to those of the human body; combined with force feedback and adjustable parameters, it supports fine force control and standardized training.

[0048] (3) High simulation of emergency response: During the lung collapse, the operation can controllably simulate sudden events such as massive bleeding and air leakage, support repeated practice of compression, clamping, suturing and repair, and strengthen rapid decision-making and collaboration.

[0049] (4) It has a postoperative detection system: intuitive interpretation and closed-loop assessment.

[0050] (5) Safety and maintenance friendly: redundant protection for pressure valves, overflow valves, normally open solenoid valves, etc.; quick interface and modular design, easy to clean, low cost, scalable and data-driven. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs of this utility model.

[0052] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Another structural diagram from a different angle.

[0053] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Exploded view.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the power unit.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a simulated surgical unit.

[0056] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Another structural diagram from a different angle.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing structure.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the lung cavity structure.

[0059] Figure 9 This is a functional diagram of an integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The integrated thoracoscopic surgical simulation training model based on animal lungs shown includes a simulation surgical unit 1 and a power unit 2.

[0063] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the simulated surgical unit 1 includes an outer cover 3, a lung cavity 4, and a base plate 5;

[0064] like Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the outer cover 3 is shaped like the front chest of a human body and has a hollowed-out interrib channel 11.

[0065] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the lung-filling cavity 4 forms a receiving cavity 41 for accommodating animal lungs. The lung-filling cavity 4 has an opening 42 for easy placement and removal of the animal lungs, and the opening 42 communicates with the receiving cavity 41. The lung-filling cavity 4 also has a drain outlet 43 for easy drainage of exudate from the animal lungs, and the drain outlet 43 communicates with the receiving cavity 41. The lung-filling cavity 4 is equipped with an arterial perforation plate connector 44, a venous perforation plate connector 45, a tracheal perforation plate connector 46, a water injection perforation plate connector 47, and an overflow perforation plate connector 48. The outflow end of the vein perforation plate connector 44 is connected to the artery of the animal's lung, the inflow end of the venous perforation plate connector 45 is connected to the vein of the animal's lung, the inflow and outflow ends of the tracheal perforation plate connector 46 are connected to the trachea of ​​the animal's lung, the outflow end of the water injection perforation plate connector 47 is connected to the receiving cavity 41, the inflow end of the overflow perforation plate connector 48 is connected to the receiving cavity 41, and the water injection perforation plate connector 47 is lower than the overflow perforation plate connector 48; the lung cavity 4 is installed on the base plate 5, and the base plate 5 and the side wall of the lung cavity 4 form a water storage area 49;

[0066] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a drainage through-plate connector 51 is installed on the base plate 5, and the inflow end of the drainage through-plate connector 51 is connected to the water storage area 49.

[0067] The outer cover 3 is placed on the lung cavity 4, and the surgical instruments pass through the intercostal hollow channel 11 and the opening 42 in sequence to reach the animal's lungs;

[0068] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the simulated surgical unit 1 also includes a reinforced box 53, a base plate 5 installed on the top surface of the reinforced box 53, an outer cover 3 installed on the top surface of the base plate 5, and the outflow end of the drainage through-plate connector 51 extending into the reinforced box 53.

[0069] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the power unit 2 includes an air pump 6, a blood circulation motor 7, a water filling motor 8, a blood powder tank (not shown in the figure), and a clean water tank (not shown in the figure); the air pump 6, the blood circulation motor 7, and the water filling motor 8 are installed inside the reinforced body 53, while the blood powder tank and the clean water tank are located outside the simulated surgery unit 1;

[0070] The air pump 6 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the trachea through-plate connector 46. Air enters the trachea of ​​the animal's lungs through the air pump 6, or air from the animal's lungs is discharged through the air pump 6.

[0071] One end of the blood circulation motor 7 is connected to the blood meal tank, the other end is connected to the inflow end of the arterial perforation plate connector 44, the outflow end of the venous perforation plate connector 45 is connected to the blood meal tank, and the outflow end of the drain perforation plate connector 51 is connected to the blood meal tank.

[0072] One end of the water-filling motor 8 is connected to the clean water tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the water-filling through-plate connector 47. The outlet end of the overflow through-plate connector 48 is connected to the clean water tank.

[0073] In this design, the simulation surgery unit 1 and the power unit 2 are integrated into one unit, facilitating the overall transportation of the training model, reducing the footprint and wiring complexity, and enabling rapid deployment in clinical teaching scenarios. The blood meal tank and clean water tank are separately located outside the simulation surgery unit 1 for easy cleaning.

[0074] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, a normally open solenoid valve 91 is connected to the outlet end of the drain plate connector 51, which connects to the blood powder tank. The normally open solenoid valve 91 is located inside the reinforced housing 53. The switch of the normally open solenoid valve 91 is mutually exclusive with the switch of the air pump 6. That is, when the air pump 6 is turned on, the normally open solenoid valve 91 is closed. At this time, the air pump 6 draws air into the animal's lungs, causing the lungs to expand. This serves two purposes: firstly, to check the integrity of the animal's lungs and the normality of the connection pathways before surgery; and secondly, to assess the surgical effect after surgery by continuously supplying air to the trachea to re-expand the animal's lungs and observe for any air leakage, seepage, or incomplete re-expansion, in order to evaluate the airtightness and patency of the suture, ligation, and resection sites.

[0075] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a pressure valve 61 is connected to the inflow end of the air pump 6 and the air pipe through-plate connector 46. The pressure valve 61 is located inside the reinforcement box 53. The purpose of the pressure valve 61 is to control the air supply pressure entering the animal's lungs within a set range, so as to avoid excessive expansion, tissue damage or connection detachment of the animal's lungs caused by instantaneous high pressure or pressure fluctuations.

[0076] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, a sealing ring 55 to prevent leakage is sandwiched between the bottom surface of the lung cavity 4 and the base plate 5. In this embodiment, the lung cavity 4, the sealing ring 55, and the base plate 5 are bonded together with sealant. In this embodiment, the lung cavity 4 is made of plastic, the sealing ring 55 is made of rubber, and the base plate 5 is made of stainless steel.

[0077] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, an arterial adapter 44a is provided between the outflow end of the arterial plate connector 44 and the artery of the animal's lung for easy insertion; a venous adapter 45a is provided between the inflow end of the venous plate connector 45 and the vein of the animal's lung for easy insertion; and a tracheal adapter 46a is provided between the inlet and outlet ends of the tracheal plate connector 46 and the trachea of ​​the animal's lung for easy insertion.

[0078] like Figure 9 As shown, in the surgical training model described above:

[0079] The gas flow direction is: air pump 6 (suction / inhalation) – pressure valve 61 – tracheal tube through-plate connector 46 – animal lung.

[0080] The flow direction of the blood meal solution is as follows: blood meal tank – blood circulation motor 7 – arterial plate connector 44 – artery of animal lung – vein of animal lung – venous plate connector 45 – blood meal tank.

[0081] The flow direction of the purified water used for testing is as follows: purified water tank → water filling motor 8 → water injection plate connector 47 → lung cavity 4 → overflow plate connector 48 → purified water tank.

[0082] The flow direction of exudate during the operation: animal lungs — water leakage partition 52 — protrusion 56 of bottom plate 5 — drainage through-plate connector 51 — blood powder tank.

[0083] Example 2:

[0084] In this embodiment, the surgical training model is used as follows:

[0085] Step 1: Animal Lung Processing: Clean the surface of the animal lungs to remove dirt and residue. Select a single, intact animal lung (preferably the left lung), preserving sufficient length of the main bronchus, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein. Clamp and seal the bronchi and blood vessels of the other lung to prevent leakage. In normal human lung surgery, only one lung is operated on. The lung on the operated side needs to be de-ventilated and collapsed. The other lung is normally ventilated.

[0086] Step 2: Model installation: Complete the assembly of the simulation surgery unit 1 and the power unit 2, and install the auxiliary pipes according to the predetermined flow direction of the medium: including the flow direction of air, blood powder water, purified water for testing and exudate during the operation. Add the prepared blood powder solution to the blood powder water tank, add purified water to the clean water tank, and check that the sealing of each interface is reliable.

[0087] Step 3: Place the animal lungs processed in Step 1 into the lung cavity 4, and connect the arterial perforation plate connector 44 to the artery of the animal lung, the venous perforation plate connector 45 to the vein of the animal lung, and the tracheal perforation plate connector 46 to the trachea of ​​the animal lung in sequence according to the flow direction of the blood powder water.

[0088] Step 4: Turn on the main power, ensure all function switches are in standby mode, and then perform preoperative tests:

[0089] Turn on the power to the blood circulation motor 7 and run it at low flow to check for leaks in the animal's lungs and check for reverse connections in the auxiliary tubing.

[0090] Turn on the air pump 6 and observe whether lung re-expansion and collapse are normal;

[0091] Step 5: Simulated surgical training: Close the airway and keep the cavity dry, and conduct thoracoscopic operation training; when the exudate from the animal's lungs or "bleeding" occurs during the operation, the liquid is recovered to the blood powder water tank through the drain plate connector 51, and compression, electrocoagulation or clamping hemostasis training can be carried out simultaneously; during normal operation, the amount of exudate from the animal's lungs is small, and the exudate will not have a significant impact on the color of the blood powder water.

[0092] Step 6: Postoperative examination: Turn on the air pump 6 and set the pressure limit. At the same time, close the normally open solenoid valve 91, start the water filling motor 8, and fill the lung cavity 4 with purified water. Observe underwater for continuous bubbles (air leakage) and reddening of the water (bleeding). After the assessment is completed, turn off the water filling motor 8. During the postoperative examination, even if bleeding occurs in the animal's lungs and contaminates the purified water, the color difference between the blood powder water and the purified water is obvious. In addition, the postoperative examination is short and the volume of fluid is relatively limited. Therefore, even if there is mild bleeding, the color change of the water is still easy to visually identify and will not significantly affect the observation and interpretation of leaking bubbles, thus not affecting the rapid assessment of air leakage and residual leakage.

[0093] Step 7: Finishing and Cleaning: Turn off the blood circulation motor 7, air pump 6 and main power in sequence, dispose of lung tissue harmlessly according to regulations, disassemble and clean the pipeline and filter / buffer components, and clean the blood powder tank and clean water tank.

[0094] The above are preferred embodiments of the present utility model, but the embodiments of the present utility model are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgical training model based on animal lungs, characterized in that: Includes a simulated surgical unit and a power unit. The simulated surgical unit includes an outer cover, a lung cavity, and a base plate; The outer cover is shaped like the human chest and has hollowed-out channels between the ribs. The lung-filling cavity forms a cavity for accommodating the animal's lungs. The lung-filling cavity has an opening for easy placement and removal of the animal's lungs, and this opening communicates with the cavity. The lung-filling cavity also has a drain outlet for easy drainage of exudate from the animal's lungs, which communicates with the cavity. The lung-filling cavity is equipped with an artery perforation plate connector, a vein perforation plate connector, a trachea perforation plate connector, a water injection perforation plate connector, and an overflow perforation plate connector. The outflow end of the artery perforation plate connector connects to the artery of the animal's lung; the inflow end of the vein perforation plate connector connects to the vein of the animal's lung; the inflow and outflow ends of the trachea perforation plate connector connect to the trachea of ​​the animal's lung; the outflow end of the water injection perforation plate connector communicates with the cavity; the inflow end of the overflow perforation plate connector communicates with the cavity; and the water injection perforation plate connector is lower than the overflow perforation plate connector. The lung-filling cavity is mounted on a base plate, and the base plate and the sidewalls of the lung-filling cavity form a water storage area. A drainage through-plate connector is installed on the base plate, and the inflow end of the drainage through-plate connector is connected to the water storage area. The outer cover is placed over the lung cavity, and the surgical instruments pass through the intercostal perforated channel and opening in sequence to reach the animal's lungs; The simulated surgical unit also includes a reinforced box, a base plate installed on the top surface of the reinforced box, an outer cover installed on the top surface of the base plate, and the outflow end of the drainage through-plate connector extending into the reinforced box. The power unit includes an air pump, a blood circulation motor, a water supply motor, a blood powder tank, and a clean water tank. The air pump, blood circulation motor, and water supply motor are installed inside the reinforced body, while the blood powder tank and clean water tank are located outside the simulated surgical unit. The air pump is connected to the inlet and outlet of the trachea through-plate connector. Air enters the trachea of ​​the animal's lungs through the air pump, or air from the animal's lungs is discharged through the air pump. One end of the blood circulation motor is connected to the blood meal tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the arterial perforation plate connector. The outlet end of the venous perforation plate connector is connected to the blood meal tank, and the outlet end of the drain perforation plate connector is connected to the blood meal tank. One end of the water-filling motor is connected to the clean water tank, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the water-filling through-plate connector. The outlet end of the overflow through-plate connector is connected to the clean water tank.

2. The integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated surgical unit also includes a water-leaking baffle, which is installed above the drain outlet. Exudate from the animal's lungs flows out through the water-leaking baffle and from the drain plate joint.

3. The integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the drain plate connector is connected to the passageway of the blood powder tank, and a normally open solenoid valve is connected to it. The normally open solenoid valve is located inside the reinforced box.

4. The integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure valve is connected to the inflow end of the air pump connecting pipe through the plate connector, and the pressure valve is located inside the reinforced box.

5. The integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is sandwiched between the bottom surface of the lung cavity and the base plate to prevent leakage.

6. The integrated thoracoscopic simulation surgery training model based on animal lungs according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arterial adapter is provided between the outflow end of the arterial perforation plate and the artery of the animal's lung for easy insertion; a venous adapter is provided between the inflow end of the venous perforation plate and the vein of the animal's lung for easy insertion; and a tracheal adapter is provided between the inlet and outlet ends of the tracheal perforation plate and the trachea of ​​the animal's lung for easy insertion.

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