A parallel four-bar linkage contouring packer mechanism for a planter

Abstract

The utility model discloses a parallel four connecting rod profiling compacting mechanism belongs to agricultural machinery technical field. The mechanism includes installation frame, parallel four connecting rod subassembly, compacting wheel subassembly and pressure regulating mechanism. One end of parallel four connecting rod subassembly is hinged with seeding machine girder, and the other end is hinged with installation frame, makes installation frame can be parallel to the up and down movement of girder, realizes accurate profiling, compacting wheel subassembly is installed on installation frame, pressure regulating mechanism passes through pressure regulating spring and adjusting handle, can change the pressure of compacting wheel to ground. The utility model discloses through parallel four connecting rod mechanism has guaranteed the uniformity of sowing depth in undulating ground, has realized accurate compacting to different soil through adjustable pressure mechanism, has effectively improved sowing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to the sowing unit structure of sowing machinery, and in particular to a parallel four-bar linkage conforming and pressing mechanism that integrates independent conforming and pressing functions. Background Technology

[0002] The contour-following compaction mechanism of a seeder is a key component ensuring uniform sowing depth and close contact between seeds and soil. In conservation tillage, the ground surface is covered with a large amount of straw and is uneven, placing extremely high demands on the contour-following ability of the individual seed planter. The contour-following mechanism allows the individual seed planter to independently adapt to the surface contours, while the compaction mechanism compacts the seedbed after sowing to promote seed germination and growth.

[0003] Currently, most small and medium-sized seeders or older models use integral contouring mechanisms or simple single-link hinges, resulting in poor contouring performance and difficulty adapting to the complex surfaces of no-till land. The accompanying compaction rollers often have fixed, non-adjustable pressure, or can only be roughly adjusted by adding or removing counterweights, failing to meet the precise compaction intensity requirements of different soil moisture conditions. Even models using four-bar linkages suffer from complex structures, easy wear at hinge points, limited compaction pressure adjustment range, and inconvenient operation. Furthermore, compaction rollers commonly exhibit soil adhesion and uneven pressure distribution, affecting work quality.

[0004] Comprehensive analysis reveals that existing seeders' contour-following compaction mechanisms suffer from insufficient contour-following accuracy, inaccurate compaction intensity adjustment, poor operational convenience, and low reliability of key components. This directly leads to problems such as uneven sowing depth and seedling emergence on undulating terrain, as well as unsatisfactory compaction effects that negatively impact seed germination. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of contour-following compaction mechanism that offers superior contour-following performance, precise and rapid adjustment of compaction pressure, and reliable operation to improve the performance of seeders under harsh working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of existing seeder contour compaction mechanisms, such as poor contour accuracy and inconvenient compaction intensity adjustment, by providing a parallel four-bar contour compaction mechanism. This utility model aims to solve the core problems of uneven sowing depth and unsatisfactory compaction effect during no-till surface covering operations. Specifically, the purpose of this utility model is:

[0006] 1. A structure with excellent conforming effect is provided, which enables each seeding unit to independently and precisely conform to the uneven ground surface, ensuring the consistency of seeding depth.

[0007] 2. A mechanism is provided that allows for precise, rapid, and multi-level adjustment of compaction intensity to adapt to the different soil moisture requirements for compaction pressure, ensuring close contact between seeds and soil.

[0008] 3. Provides an integrated mechanism that is reliable in operation, easy to adjust, and simple to maintain, thereby improving the overall operational performance and durability of the seeding unit.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A parallel four-bar contour pressing mechanism mainly includes a mounting frame, a parallel four-bar assembly, a pressing wheel assembly, and a pressure regulating mechanism.

[0011] The mounting frame serves as the foundation of the entire mechanism, integrating and mounting all components. The parallel four-bar linkage consists of a pair of upper links and a pair of lower links, forming a stable parallelogram mechanism. One end of this four-bar linkage is hinged to the main beam of the seeder via a pin, and the other end is similarly hinged to the mounting frame via a pin. This structure ensures that the mounting frame (and all its components) maintains parallel vertical movement with the main beam during operation, thus perfectly replicating the ground contour and achieving high-precision contour following.

[0012] The press wheel assembly, mounted on the mounting frame, includes a press wheel axle and two V-shaped hollow rubber press wheels. The press wheels are mounted on the press wheel axle via eccentric sleeves. By rotating the eccentric sleeves, the lateral position of the press wheels on the mounting frame can be finely adjusted to ensure their centerline coincides with the centerline of the seeder, preventing deviation during operation. After adjustment, the eccentric sleeves are locked in place using lock nuts.

[0013] The pressure regulating mechanism, crucial for precise pressing, connects the parallel four-bar linkage assembly to the mounting frame. This mechanism primarily comprises a pressure regulating spring, an adjusting handle, and a toothed plate with multi-stage positioning grooves. The two ends of the pressure regulating spring act on the four-bar linkage assembly and the mounting frame, respectively. By moving the adjusting handle, an eccentric cam or linkage mechanism is driven, thereby changing the pre-compression of the pressure regulating spring. Different positions of the handle correspond to different spring compressions, thus determining the final pressure applied to the pressing wheel. The positioning protrusions on the adjusting handle engage with different positioning grooves on the toothed plate, enabling multi-stage positioning of the pressing intensity, typically ranging from 350-850 g / cm².

[0014] Furthermore, the mechanism can be integrated with a depth-limiting mechanism, including a depth-limiting wheel and a depth-limiting wheel support. The depth-limiting wheel's height is set via a rocking adjustment plate and a depth-limiting adjustment handle, working in conjunction with the contour-following compaction mechanism to jointly control the sowing depth. In addition, maintenance-free lubricated bearings are used at each hinge point, and a scraper is installed on the outside of the compaction wheel to improve reliability and prevent soil sticking.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the parallel four-bar contour pressing mechanism provided by this utility model has the following significant advantages:

[0016] 1. Precise contouring and uniform sowing depth: The unique parallel four-bar structure ensures that each sowing unit can independently perform high-precision contouring movements when facing uneven no-till surfaces, completely solving the problem of inconsistent sowing depth caused by uneven ground, and laying a solid foundation for uniform seedling emergence.

[0017] 2. Adjustable compaction and strong adaptability: The multi-level pressure adjustment mechanism allows for precise and rapid adjustment of compaction pressure according to soil moisture, compaction and other conditions. This avoids over-compaction on soft, wet soil, which can lead to soil compaction, and also ensures that under-compaction is avoided on loose soil. This ensures close contact between seeds and soil, which is beneficial for improving soil moisture and protecting seedlings.

[0018] 3. Stable structure and reliable operation: The entire mechanism has a compact structure, sufficient rigidity, and smooth movement. The V-shaped hollow rubber pressing wheel provides uniform ground pressure and good soil removal performance. The eccentric sleeve fine-tuning mechanism ensures the centering of the pressing wheel and prevents the sowing rows from bending. The maintenance-free bearings and scraper design reduce maintenance requirements and improve the durability of the mechanism under harsh working conditions.

[0019] 4. Easy to operate and highly integrated: Both compaction intensity and depth adjustment are completed through simple handle operation, which is intuitive and convenient. This mechanism highly integrates contouring, depth limiting, and compaction functions into a compact unit, providing complete functionality and facilitating installation and debugging on the seeder, significantly improving the overall machine's operating performance and ease of use. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The specific embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are schematic diagrams used to clearly illustrate the structure, connection relationships, and working principle of this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting the actual shape, size, or proportion of the product.

[0021] Figures 1-2 This image shows a side view of the overall installation position of the parallel four-bar linkage contour pressing mechanism described in an embodiment of the present invention on a seeder.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic representation of the parallel four-bar contour pressing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 The diagram shows the structural schematic of the pressure regulating mechanism and the eccentric adjustment mechanism of the press wheel;

[0024] Figure 5 The diagram shows the adjustment of the depth limiting mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The parallel four-bar linkage contour pressing mechanism of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This description is intended to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and reproduce this utility model, and is not intended to limit its scope of protection.

[0026] like Figures 1-2 The diagram shows the overall installation position of the parallel four-bar linkage contour pressing mechanism (the part within the red box in the figure) on the seeder according to an embodiment of the present invention. This pressing mechanism is one of the core components of each seeding unit of the seeder. The mechanism is hinged to the main beam 120 of the seeder via its main beam hinge point 454, thereby suspending it on the main frame. During operation, the entire mechanism moves with the seeder and independently adapts to the undulations of the ground.

[0027] The mechanism mainly consists of four parts: a mounting frame 453, a parallel four-bar linkage 450, a press wheel assembly 710, and a pressure regulating mechanism 730. The mounting frame 453 is a rigid structure welded from rectangular steel tubes, serving as the mounting foundation for components such as the press wheel and depth limiting mechanism. Figure 3 As shown, the parallel four-bar linkage 450 is the core of achieving precise contour following. It consists of a pair of upper linkages 451 and a pair of lower linkages 452 hinged together by pins. Both upper linkages 451 and lower linkages 452 are made of high-strength steel plates, and both ends are inlaid with self-lubricating bearings (or maintenance-free bearings). One end of the four-bar linkage is connected to the hinge point 454 on the main beam 120 via a pin, and the other end is connected to the frame hinge point 455 on the mounting frame 453 via a pin. These four hinge points form an ideal parallelogram mechanism. The ingenuity of this design lies in the fact that no matter how the mounting frame 453 swings up and down with the terrain, it can always maintain a parallel relationship with the main beam 120 through the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism. This means that components such as the press wheel 710 and furrow opener mounted on the frame can always contact the ground surface at a constant angle, thereby ensuring extremely uniform sowing depth, which cannot be achieved by simple hinged or single-bar mechanisms.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, the pressure regulating mechanism 730 is key to achieving precise pressing. Its core component is a high-stiffness pressure regulating spring 731. The upper end of the spring rests on a crossbar of a parallel four-bar linkage assembly, while the lower end acts on the mounting frame 453. The regulating mechanism also includes an adjusting handle 732 and a positioning toothed plate 733 with multi-stage positioning grooves 734. The adjusting handle 732 is connected to an eccentric cam or a crank-connecting rod mechanism. When the operator moves the adjusting handle 732, it drives the cam or connecting rod mechanism to move, thereby changing the pre-compression of the pressure regulating spring 731. When the handle 732 is moved backward, the spring compression increases, and the normal pressure applied to the pressing wheel 710 also increases, thus enhancing the pressing intensity; conversely, pushing the handle forward decreases the spring compression, weakening the pressing force. The positioning protrusions on the adjusting handle 732 engage with the positioning grooves 734 at different positions on the positioning toothed plate 733, thereby achieving multi-stage and reliable positioning of the pressing intensity. This design allows the driver to quickly and accurately adjust the compaction pressure to the optimal level for soil moisture (e.g., within the range of 350-850 g / cm²) without having to get out of the vehicle or use tools.

[0029] The press roller assembly 710 includes two hollow rubber press rollers arranged in a V-shape. This V-shaped design efficiently compresses the soil on both sides of the seed furrow, providing excellent soil covering and compaction effects. Furthermore, the hollow rubber material is lightweight, elastic, and does not easily attract soil. The press rollers are mounted on the mounting frame 453 via press roller axles. A key design feature is that the press roller axles are not directly fixed to the frame, but rather mounted via a pair of eccentric sleeves 712. By rotating these two eccentric sleeves 712 using tools, the lateral position of the press roller axles on the mounting frame 453 can be finely adjusted, ensuring that the V-shaped center line of the two press rollers 710 precisely coincides with the center line of the seed furrow opener, preventing bending of the seed rows due to misalignment. After adjustment, the eccentric sleeves 712 are securely locked with lock nuts 713 to prevent displacement due to vibration during operation. In addition, a scraper 714 is installed on the outside of the press wheel. It maintains a very small gap with the wheel surface, which can effectively scrape off the mud adhering to the wheel surface, keep the press wheel clean, and ensure the continuous and stable pressing effect.

[0030] like Figure 5As shown, to more precisely control the sowing depth, the mechanism also integrates a depth limiting mechanism 740. This mechanism includes a depth limiting wheel 741, a depth limiting wheel bracket 742, a rocker adjustment toothed plate 743, and a depth limiting adjustment handle 744. The depth limiting wheel 741 is mounted on the depth limiting wheel bracket 742, which is hinged to the mounting frame 453. The rocker adjustment toothed plate 743 has a series of positioning holes or slots. By lifting upwards and moving the depth limiting adjustment handle 744 back and forth, the height of the depth limiting wheel 741 relative to the mounting frame 453 can be changed, thereby setting the reference sowing depth. After adjustment, releasing the handle 744 causes the internal spring to automatically engage the locking pin 746 at the end of the handle into the corresponding slot 745 of the toothed plate 743, completing the locking. The depth limiting mechanism 740 works in conjunction with the parallel four-bar linkage contouring mechanism to ensure precise control of the sowing depth on undulating ground.

[0031] The working process of this utility model is as follows: During seeding, the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism allows the entire unit to undulate freely with the terrain, ensuring consistent furrow depth. The depth-limiting wheel 741 serves as an auxiliary reference. After the seeds are sown, the V-shaped pressing wheel 710 immediately covers and presses the seed furrow with soil. The pressing pressure has been precisely set in advance by the pressure adjustment mechanism 730 to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil, which is conducive to germination.

[0032] As can be seen from the detailed description above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this utility model successfully constructs a contour-following pressing mechanism that is precise in contouring, adjustable in pressing, reliable in operation, and convenient in operation through the coordinated design of a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, an adjustable pressure pressing mechanism, an eccentric adjustable pressing wheel, and an integrated depth-limiting mechanism. It effectively solves the problems of uneven sowing depth, poor pressing effect, and difficulty in adjustment existing technologies, significantly improving the operational quality of the seeder.

Claims

1. A parallel four-bar contour-following compaction mechanism for a seeder, characterized in that, include: Mounting framework; The parallel four-bar linkage consists of a pair of upper linkages and a pair of lower linkages. One end of the parallel four-bar linkage is hinged to the main beam of the seeder, and the other end is hinged to the mounting frame. A press wheel assembly includes a press wheel and a press wheel shaft, wherein the press wheel is mounted on the mounting frame via the press wheel shaft; A pressure regulating mechanism, connected between the parallel four-bar assembly and the mounting frame, is used to regulate the pressure of the press wheel on the ground.

2. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The pressure regulating mechanism includes: An adjusting spring, the two ends of which act on the parallel four-bar assembly and the mounting frame, respectively; An adjustment handle is connected to an eccentric cam or linkage mechanism, and the pre-compression of the pressure regulating spring is changed by changing the position of the adjustment handle.

3. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 2, wherein, It also includes a positioning toothed plate, which has multiple positioning grooves; the adjusting handle has a positioning protrusion that cooperates with the positioning grooves to achieve multi-level positioning of the pressing intensity.

4. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The press wheel assembly includes two V-shaped hollow rubber press wheels.

5. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1 or 4, wherein, The press wheel is mounted on the press wheel shaft via an eccentric sleeve; by rotating the eccentric sleeve, the lateral position of the press wheel relative to the mounting frame can be adjusted.

6. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 5, wherein, The eccentric sleeve is secured by a lock nut to prevent it from rotating on its own during operation.

7. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a depth limiting mechanism, which includes a depth limiting wheel and a depth limiting wheel bracket. The depth limiting wheel bracket is connected to the mounting frame, and the ground clearance of the depth limiting wheel is adjustable.

8. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 7, wherein, The depth limiting mechanism also includes a rocking adjustment toothed plate and a depth limiting adjustment handle. The height of the depth limiting wheel is set by changing the position of the depth limiting adjustment handle on the rocking adjustment toothed plate.

9. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1, wherein, Each hinge point of the parallel four-bar linkage is equipped with a maintenance-free lubricated bearing.

10. The parallel four-bar link contouring packer mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The mounting frame is also equipped with a soil scraper for the press wheel, and the soil scraper maintains a small gap with the wheel surface of the press wheel.

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