A process for the production of hydrocyanic acid

Abstract

This application discloses a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide, belonging to the technical field of chemical reaction equipment. It includes a reaction section, a cooling heat exchanger, and a discharge section. The cooling heat exchanger has a connecting pipe inside, and a preheating coil is provided around the outer periphery of the connecting pipe. The preheating coil is spiral-shaped. The connecting pipe connects the reaction section and the discharge section. This application increases the turbulence of the shell-side refrigerant fluid, reduces the heat exchange area of ​​the cooling heat exchanger, and allows the reactor to cool to the specified temperature over a shorter distance. This improves the reactivity of the raw material gas, reduces the energy required to initiate the reaction, reduces HCN decomposition, and increases the reaction yield. Heating the mixed gas through the preheating coil raises the temperature of the reaction gas, reducing the energy required to initiate the reaction, reducing energy fluctuations, and improving process safety. Furthermore, the integration of the preheating coil with the cooling heat exchanger reduces the equipment size, decreases equipment investment, and lowers energy consumption during synthesis, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of chemical reaction equipment technology, and in particular relates to a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide. Background Technology

[0002] The Andruse process refers to the method of preparing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by reacting ammonia, methane, and oxygen (air) with a catalyst in a certain proportion. In the existing technology, the synthesis of HCN requires a certain amount of energy to be given after the raw gas comes into contact with the catalyst to initiate the reaction and bring the reaction rate to equilibrium. The process is cumbersome and risky. Patent US1934838A discloses the production of hydrogen cyanide, with a reaction temperature above 1000 ℃. The reaction gas needs to be cooled to 200-300 ℃ in the shortest possible time. It can be seen that the reaction system for producing HCN has a high temperature and needs to be cooled down to a lower temperature immediately. The existing process steps are cumbersome, the cooling rate is slow, and the cooling effect is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide, so as to solve the technical problems of excessively high system temperature, slow cooling efficiency, and increased reaction risk in the hydrogen cyanide synthesis process in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide is provided, including a reaction section, a cooling heat exchanger, and a discharge section; a connecting pipe is provided inside the cooling heat exchanger, and a preheating coil is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe, the preheating coil being spiral-shaped; the connecting pipe connects the reaction section and the discharge section.

[0005] In one embodiment, A reaction gas inlet is located at the top of the reaction section, and a first thermometer is located at the bottom of the reaction section.

[0006] In one embodiment, The reaction section, cooling heat exchanger, and discharge section are housed together through the reactor shell.

[0007] In one embodiment, The preheating coil has a mixed gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet at both ends, and the mixed gas outlet is connected to the reaction gas inlet.

[0008] In one embodiment, A third thermometer is installed at the gas mixture inlet, and a second thermometer is installed at the gas mixture outlet.

[0009] In one embodiment, The cooling heat exchanger has a condensation chamber inside, with a condensate inlet at the bottom of one side and a steam outlet at the top.

[0010] In one embodiment, A fourth thermometer is installed on one side of the discharge section.

[0011] In one embodiment, A pressure gauge is installed on the inlet side of the reaction gas.

[0012] This application provides a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide, in which a preheating coil is coupled within the shell side of a cooling heat exchanger. The spiral shape of the preheating coil acts as a baffle, increasing the turbulence of the refrigerant fluid in the shell side, reducing the heat exchange area of ​​the cooling heat exchanger, and allowing the reactor to cool to the specified temperature over a shorter distance. This improves the reactivity of the feed gas, reduces the energy required to initiate the reaction, reduces HCN decomposition, and increases the reaction yield. By heating the mixed gas through the preheating coil, the temperature of the reactant gas is increased, further reducing the energy required to initiate the reaction, minimizing energy fluctuations, and improving process safety. Moreover, the integration of the preheating coil with the cooling heat exchanger reduces equipment size, decreases equipment investment, and lowers energy consumption during synthesis, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0015] Explanation of symbols in the diagram: A. Reaction section; B. Cooling heat exchanger; C. Discharge section; 1. Reaction gas inlet; 2. Reaction gas outlet; 3. Condensate inlet; 4. Steam outlet; 5. Mixed gas inlet; 6. Mixed gas outlet; 7. Pressure gauge; 8. First thermometer; 9. Second thermometer; 10. Third thermometer; 11. Fourth thermometer; 12. Preheating coil; 13. Connecting pipe; 14. Reactor shell; 15. Condensation chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, this application will be further described in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0017] In one embodiment, a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a reaction section A, a cooling heat exchanger B, and a discharge section C; the cooling heat exchanger B is equipped with a connecting pipe 13, and a preheating coil 12 is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe 13. Specifically, reaction section A is filled with a catalyst, and the gas reacts in reaction section A to produce hydrogen cyanide. Cooling heat exchanger B is used to reduce the temperature of the generated gas. Connecting pipe 13 connects reaction section A and discharge section C, and carries the reaction gas into cooling heat exchanger B for cooling before sending it into discharge section C. Preheating coil 12 is used to heat the mixed gas.

[0018] In one embodiment, reaction section A, cooling heat exchanger B, and discharge section C are fitted together through reactor shell 14; reaction section A is provided with reaction gas inlet 1 at the top, and the two ends of preheating coil 12 are respectively provided with mixed gas inlet 5 and mixed gas outlet 6, and mixed gas outlet 6 is connected to reaction gas inlet 1; cooling heat exchanger B is provided with condensation chamber 15 inside, and the bottom of one side of condensation chamber 15 is connected to condensate inlet 3, and the top is connected to steam outlet 4; a pressure gauge 7 is provided on one side of reaction gas inlet 1.

[0019] Specifically, the diameter of reaction section A is 200 mm, the diameter of cooling heat exchanger B and discharge section C is 250 mm, the diameter of connecting pipe 13 is 20 mm, and the diameter of preheating coil 12 is DN50. mm, the preheating coil 12 is a corrugated pipe, spiral in shape, coiled around the outer circumference of the connecting pipe 13, and fixed through the mixed gas inlet 5 and the mixed gas outlet 6; the mixed gas inlet 5 and the mixed gas outlet 6 are both connected to the preheating coil 12, and the mixed gas outlet 6 is connected to the reaction gas inlet 1 through a pipe; the condensing chamber 15 is equipped with condensate water, which enters through the condensate water inlet 3 and exits through the steam outlet 4; the pressure gauge 7 is used to monitor the pressure in the reaction section A; the bottom of the reaction section A is equipped with a first thermometer 8, which is used to detect the temperature of the generated gas; the mixed gas inlet 5 is equipped with a third thermometer 10, which is used to detect the temperature of the mixer before heating, and the mixed gas outlet 6 is equipped with a second thermometer 9, which is used to detect the temperature of the mixer after heating; the discharge section C is equipped with a fourth thermometer 11, which is used to detect the temperature of the generated gas after cooling through the cooling heat exchanger B.

[0020] The specific structure of this utility model has been described in detail above. The following description, in conjunction with... Figure 1 The working principle of the above-mentioned hydrogen cyanide preparation reactor is described as follows: The preheating coil 12 is heated to 200 ℃. A mixed gas containing ammonia, methane, and air enters the preheating coil 12 through the mixed gas inlet 5 and is heated. After heating, the gas enters the reaction section A through the mixed gas outlet 6, the pipeline, and the reaction gas inlet 1. At this time, the reaction begins in the reaction section A, generating hydrogen cyanide. The pressure gauge 7 detects the pressure in the reaction section A. The mixed gas is continuously pumped in, and the gas generated by the reaction enters the cooling heat exchanger B through the connecting pipe 13. At this time, the condensate in the condensing chamber 15 cools the gas in the connecting pipe 13, reducing the gas temperature from 1100 ℃ to 170 ℃. Then, the gas enters the discharge section C and the generated hydrogen cyanide is collected through the reaction gas outlet 2. The superheated condensate is discharged through the steam outlet 4, and the steam is discharged through the steam outlet 4 at a pressure of 15 kPaG. Multiple thermometers detect the temperature at the corresponding parts.

[0021] This application provides a reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide, including a reaction section, a cooling heat exchanger, and a discharge section. The cooling heat exchanger has a connecting pipe inside, and a preheating coil with a spiral shape is provided around the outer periphery of the connecting pipe. The connecting pipe connects the reaction section and the discharge section. This application couples the preheating coil into the shell side of the cooling heat exchanger. The spiral shape of the preheating coil acts as a baffle, increasing the turbulence of the refrigerant fluid in the shell side, reducing the heat exchange area of ​​the cooling heat exchanger, allowing the reactor to cool to the specified temperature over a shorter distance, improving the reactivity of the feed gas, reducing the energy required to initiate the reaction, reducing HCN decomposition, and increasing the reaction yield. Heating the mixed gas through the preheating coil raises the temperature of the reactant gas, reducing the energy required to initiate the reaction, reducing energy fluctuations, and improving process safety. Furthermore, the integration of the preheating coil with the cooling heat exchanger reduces the equipment size, decreases equipment investment, and reduces energy consumption during synthesis, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A hydrocyanic acid reactor for the production of hydrocyanic acid, comprising a reaction section, a cooling exchanger and a discharge section; characterized in that, The cooling heat exchanger is equipped with a connecting pipe, and a preheating coil is provided on the outer periphery of the connecting pipe. The preheating coil is spiral in shape. The connecting pipe connects the reaction section and the discharge section.

2. The reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction section is equipped with a reaction gas inlet at the top and a first thermometer at the bottom.

3. The reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction section, cooling heat exchanger, and discharge section are housed together by a reactor shell.

4. The reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preheating coil has a mixed gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet at both ends, and the mixed gas outlet is connected to the reaction gas inlet.

5. A reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 4, characterized in that, A third thermometer is provided at the gas mixture inlet, and a second thermometer is provided at the gas mixture outlet.

6. The reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling heat exchanger has a condensation chamber inside, with a condensate inlet at the bottom of one side and a steam outlet at the top.

7. A reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fourth thermometer is installed on one side of the discharge section.

8. A reactor for preparing hydrogen cyanide according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pressure gauge is installed on the inlet side of the reaction gas.

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