Convection type cyclone dust collector

Abstract

The utility model discloses a convection type cyclone dust collector, including air inlet flue, air outlet flue, convection cyclone base cylinder, dust hopper and guide mechanism, air inlet flue and air outlet flue are connected to convection cyclone base cylinder respectively, the guide mechanism has the air distribution board of being built -in in convection cyclone base cylinder, the convection cyclone base cylinder is separated out the double annular passageway of being communicated from the air inlet to the air outlet with air distribution board, the convection cyclone base cylinder passes through dust hopper and accepts the dust particle separated from dust -laden flue gas, can pass through double annular passageway and double separation mechanism mechanism and promote particle separation efficiency, also can reduce energy consumption cost with low resistance structure design, thereby satisfy high emission standard and industrial practical application demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of dust collectors, and in particular to the technical field of cyclone dust collectors. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production and energy utilization, the emission of dust-laden flue gas is a major source of air pollution, posing a significant threat to the ecological environment and human health. As a result, efficient flue gas dust removal technology has become one of the key research directions in the field of environmental protection. Cyclone dust collectors, with their simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, are widely used in flue gas pollutant treatment scenarios in industries such as power, metallurgy, chemical and building materials, and are one of the core devices for achieving particulate phase pollutant control.

[0003] The core structure of a conventional cyclone dust collector mainly includes a cylinder, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a dust hopper, such as a cyclone dust collector with announcement number CN101940984B, a cyclone dust collector with publication number CN102580441A, and a cyclone dust collector with publication number CN103230843A. Its working principle is based on the centrifugal separation mechanism—the dust-laden gas first enters the cylinder tangentially through the inlet pipe and forms a high-speed rotating airflow field. Thus, on the one hand, under the action of centrifugal force, dust particles with a density greater than that of the gas are thrown against the wall of the device and slide down into the dust hopper for collection. On the other hand, the purified gas is discharged from the outlet pipe.

[0004] Although this cyclone dust removal technology has been industrialized, long-term practice has revealed two key drawbacks: relatively low particle phase separation efficiency and high equipment operating resistance (poor overall cost-effectiveness in terms of energy consumption and treatment effect). These shortcomings make it difficult to meet the current industrial demand for efficient, low-energy dust removal equipment. Specifically, conventional cyclone dust collectors have a relatively simple airflow distribution, relying mainly on centrifugal force during a single rotation to achieve separation. This results in small-sized dust particles (especially micron and submicron particles) not experiencing sufficient centrifugal force to overcome the airflow drag, easily escaping with the purified airflow, thus limiting separation efficiency and failing to meet dust removal requirements under some high emission standards. Furthermore, to ensure a certain separation efficiency, conventional cyclone dust collectors often need to maintain a high airflow rotation speed. This causes the gas to face significant frictional and local resistance when flowing inside the equipment (its operating resistance is typically 400–1500 Pa). High resistance not only increases the energy consumption of supporting power equipment such as induced draft fans, raising operating costs for enterprises, but may also affect the stability of the entire flue gas treatment system due to resistance fluctuations, limiting its application in low-energy-consumption scenarios.

[0005] With increasingly stringent national environmental protection regulations and rising demands from enterprises for energy conservation and emission reduction, the shortcomings of existing cyclone dust collectors in terms of separation efficiency and operating resistance have become increasingly apparent. Developing a new type of cyclone dust collector that can balance high-efficiency separation with low-resistance operation has become an urgent need to solve the current technical bottlenecks in flue gas dust removal and promote technological upgrading in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the existing technology and propose a convective cyclone dust collector. It can improve particle separation efficiency through a double annular channel and a double separation mechanism, and can also reduce energy consumption costs with a low-resistance structural design, thereby meeting the needs of high emission standards and practical industrial applications.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a convective cyclone dust collector, including an inlet flue, an outlet flue, a convective cyclone base cylinder, a dust hopper, and a guiding mechanism. The inlet flue and the outlet flue are respectively connected to the convective cyclone base cylinder. The guiding mechanism has a wind-distributing plate built into the convective cyclone base cylinder. The convective cyclone base cylinder divides the cylinder cavity into a double-annular channel connecting the inlet to the outlet through the wind-distributing plate. The convective cyclone base cylinder receives dust particles separated from the dust-laden flue gas through the dust hopper.

[0008] Preferably, the inlet flue, outlet flue, and ash hopper are respectively located at the top, side, and bottom of the convective cyclone base cylinder, and the air distribution plate is provided with a bent guide section and an opening section at the upper and lower ends to allow the dust-laden flue gas to be diverted and dust-removed from top to bottom along the double annular channel, and then allow the dust-removed flue gas to be merged and discharged from bottom to top through the outlet.

[0009] Preferably, both the bending guide and the opening are centrally located.

[0010] Preferably, the opening is further provided with a first guide plate assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the guiding mechanism is provided with a second guide plate assembly at the entrance of each of the two branch channels of the double-ring channel.

[0012] Preferably, the guiding mechanism further includes a third guide plate group above the second guide plate group, wherein the guide angles of the second guide plate group and the third guide plate group are staggered.

[0013] Preferably, the connection between the air intake flue and the convection cyclone base tube is provided with a gradually expanding section that expands from top to bottom, and the second guide plate group and the third guide plate group are both located at the gradually expanding section.

[0014] Preferably, the guiding mechanism is provided with a fourth guide plate group at the bend of the air intake flue.

[0015] Preferably, the guiding mechanism is provided with a fifth guide plate group at the bend of the exhaust flue.

[0016] Preferably, the convective cyclone base cylinder uses an external protrusion in the shell to ensure that the double annular channels maintain the same cross-sectional area from beginning to end.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1) Dual separation mechanism significantly improves particle phase separation efficiency: This invention utilizes a dual separation mechanism of "primary coarse separation + secondary fine separation," significantly overcoming the efficiency bottleneck of conventional cyclone dust collectors' single centrifugal separation, especially enhancing the capture capacity for micron- and submicron-sized fine particles. Specifically, after the dust-laden flue gas enters the convective cyclone base cylinder, primary separation is completed within the double-annular channel formed by the air distribution plate (the air distribution plate divides the cylinder cavity into two, causing the flue gas to flow in an annular pattern from top to bottom along the two branch channels). During this process, larger dust particles are thrown towards the channel wall due to centrifugal force and simultaneously settle naturally under gravity. The dust quickly falls into the bottom ash hopper, achieving efficient interception of coarse particles. When the dust-laden flue gas flows to the opening at the lower end of the air distribution plate, the two flue gas streams can undergo strong vortex mixing and form a double vortex flow pattern to complete the secondary separation (fine particles are subjected to stronger centrifugal force and inertial collision in the vortex flow field. Even submicron-sized particles that are difficult to capture by conventional equipment will be separated from the airflow due to loss of kinetic energy and enter the ash hopper with the subsequent settling process). This dual separation design not only ensures the rapid separation efficiency of coarse particles, but also enhances the capture effect of fine particles. The overall separation efficiency is effectively improved compared with conventional cyclone dust collectors, which can meet the dust removal requirements under the current high emission standards. 2) Enhanced inertial collision to improve the settling stability of fine particles: This invention enhances the inertial collision effect of fine particles through the special design of the first guide plate group, further improving the settling stability of fine particles and preventing them from escaping with the purified airflow. Specifically, the first guide plate group is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the air distribution plate (this position is the key area where the two flue gases converge to form a double vortex flow pattern). When fine particles move towards the channel wall under the action of centrifugal force in the vortex flow field, they will have an inertial collision with the plate body of the first guide plate group (that is, adding an inertial collision interception link to the fine particles on the basis of centrifugal separation). Thus, the fine particles lose kinetic energy through the inertial collision effect and settle more easily under the action of gravity, reducing the secondary lifting of particles caused by airflow disturbance, ensuring that the fine particles fall stably into the ash hopper, and further ensuring the stability of the overall dust removal effect of the equipment. 3) Low-resistance operation design significantly reduces energy consumption and operating costs: This invention achieves low-resistance operation (operating resistance is generally less than 400Pa) through structural optimization. This not only significantly reduces the energy consumption of supporting power equipment and the operating costs of enterprises, but also reduces the impact of resistance fluctuations on the stability of the entire flue gas treatment system, improving the long-term reliability of the equipment. The core optimized structure includes four aspects (firstly, this invention divides the single-cylinder cavity into two parallel channels through a double-ring channel design, thereby significantly reducing the flue gas velocity under the same treatment air volume, effectively reducing the frictional resistance between the airflow and the channel wall; secondly, ... The cyclone base tube adopts an external convex part design to ensure that the double annular channel maintains the same channel cross-sectional area from beginning to end, thereby effectively avoiding local eddies and resistance losses caused by abrupt changes in channel cross-section; thirdly, the fourth guide plate group arranged at the bend of the inlet flue and the fifth guide plate group arranged at the bend of the outlet flue can guide the airflow smoothly through the corresponding bend, reducing airflow impact and turning resistance; fourthly, the second and third guide plate groups with staggered guide angles at the inlet of the double annular channel can evenly distribute the flue gas to the two channels, effectively avoiding the increase in local resistance caused by uneven airflow distribution.

[0018] The features and advantages of this utility model will be described in detail through embodiments and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a front view of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a left view of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a velocity streamline diagram of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional velocity vector diagram of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a pressure distribution cloud map of the convective cyclone dust collector of this utility model.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Inlet flue, 2-Outlet flue, 3-Convection cyclone base, 31-Double annular channel, 32-Outer protrusion of shell, 4-Ash hopper, 5-Guide mechanism, 51-Air distribution plate, 511-Bent guide section, 512-Opening, 52-First guide plate group, 53-Second guide plate group, 54-Third guide plate group, 55-Fourth guide plate group, 56-Fifth guide plate group. Detailed Implementation

[0021] See Figures 1 to 3This utility model relates to a convective cyclone dust collector, comprising an inlet flue 1, an outlet flue 2, a convective cyclone base cylinder 3, a dust hopper 4, and a guiding mechanism 5. The inlet flue 1 and the outlet flue 2 are respectively connected to the convective cyclone base cylinder 3. The guiding mechanism 5 has a wind-distributing plate 51 built into the convective cyclone base cylinder 3. The convective cyclone base cylinder 3 is divided into a double-ring channel 31 from the inlet to the outlet by the wind-distributing plate 51. The convective cyclone base cylinder 3 receives dust particles separated from the dust-laden flue gas through the dust hopper 4. The fact that the cylinder cavity is divided into two by the wind-distributing plate 51 increases the flue gas flow area, effectively reduces the flue gas velocity, and facilitates the natural settling of larger particles.

[0022] The inlet flue 1, outlet flue 2 and ash hopper 4 are respectively located at the top, side and bottom of the convective cyclone base cylinder 3. The air distribution plate 51 is provided with a bent guide part 511 and an opening part 512 at the upper and lower ends respectively so that the dust-laden flue gas is first diverted from top to bottom along the double annular channel 31 for dust removal and then the dust-removed flue gas is discharged from bottom to top through the outlet.

[0023] Both the bending guide portion 511 and the opening portion 512 are centrally located.

[0024] The opening 512 is also provided with a first guide plate group 52; wherein, the first guide plate group 52 is provided at the confluence of the two flue gas flows (i.e., at the opening 512) to enhance the inertial collision effect, causing the particle phase to lose kinetic energy and settle under the action of gravity.

[0025] The guiding mechanism 5 is provided with a second guide plate group 53 at the entrance of each of the two branch channels of the double annular channel 31. The guiding mechanism 5 also provides a third guide plate group 54 above the second guide plate group 53. The guiding angles of the second guide plate group 53 and the third guide plate group 54 are staggered. With this design, the second guide plate group 53 and the third guide plate group 54 can be used to guide the dust-laden flue gas from different angles, so that the dust-laden flue gas enters the two branch channels of the double annular channel 31 more evenly.

[0026] The connection between the air intake flue 1 and the convection cyclone base cylinder 3 is provided with a gradually expanding section that expands from top to bottom, and the second guide plate group 53 and the third guide plate group 54 are both located at the gradually expanding section.

[0027] The guiding mechanism 5 is provided with a fourth guide plate group 55 at the bend of the inlet flue 1, and the guiding mechanism 5 is provided with a fifth guide plate group 56 at the bend of the outlet flue 2. In this embodiment, the inlet flue 1 is bent to allow air to enter laterally from the side, and the outlet flue 2 is bent to allow air to exit vertically from the bottom. The fourth guide plate group 55 and the fifth guide plate group 56 enable the dust-laden flue gas and the airflow that has undergone dust removal treatment to pass better through the corresponding bends.

[0028] The convective cyclone base cylinder 3 uses the outer protrusion 32 of the shell to ensure that the double annular channel 31 maintains the same channel cross-sectional area from beginning to end.

[0029] In practical applications, the specific dimensions of each component can be determined through simulation calculations using a fluid dynamics (CFD) system, thereby optimizing the structure to further improve the efficiency of particle phase separation.

[0030] The working process of this embodiment: First, the dust-laden flue gas flows into the cyclone base cylinder 3 through the inlet flue 1, and then, guided by the air distribution plate 51, it splits into two streams flowing in a circular pattern from top to bottom along the double-annular channel 31 to complete the primary separation of the larger particle phase (the particle phase is subjected to centrifugal force during the circular motion, and separates from the flue gas flow due to inertia, settling and falling into the ash hopper 4 under the action of gravity); next, the two flue gas flows are strongly mixed at the opening 512 and form a double vortex flow pattern to complete the secondary separation of the finer particle phase (the particle phase has a higher density and can be subjected to strong centrifugal force in the vortex flow pattern, thereby achieving effective separation of the gas phase and the particle phase); finally, the airflow that has completed the dust removal treatment is discharged through the outlet flue 2; in addition, the velocity streamline diagram, cross-sectional velocity vector diagram and pressure distribution cloud diagram of this embodiment can be referred to respectively. Figures 4 to 6 .

[0031] The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications to the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A convection type cyclone separator, characterized by: It includes an inlet flue (1), an outlet flue (2), a cyclone base cylinder (3), a dust hopper (4), and a guide mechanism (5). The inlet flue (1) and the outlet flue (2) are respectively connected to the cyclone base cylinder (3). The guide mechanism (5) has a wind-distributing plate (51) built into the cyclone base cylinder (3). The cyclone base cylinder (3) divides the cylinder cavity into a double-ring channel (31) that connects the inlet to the outlet through the wind-distributing plate (51). The cyclone base cylinder (3) receives dust particles separated from the dust-laden flue gas through the dust hopper (4).

2. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet flue (1), outlet flue (2) and ash hopper (4) are respectively located at the top, side and bottom of the convective cyclone base cylinder (3). The air distribution plate (51) is provided with a bent guide part (511) and an opening part (512) at the upper and lower ends respectively so that the dust-laden flue gas is first diverted from top to bottom along the double ring channel (31) for dust removal and then the dust-removed flue gas is discharged from bottom to top through the outlet.

3. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bending guide (511) and the opening (512) are both centrally located.

4. The convection type cyclone separator according to claim 3, wherein: The opening (512) is also provided with a first guide vane assembly (52).

5. The convection type cyclone separator according to claim 3, wherein: The guiding mechanism (5) is provided with a second guide plate group (53) at the entrance of the two branch channels of the double ring channel (31).

6. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The guiding mechanism (5) also adds a third guide plate group (54) above the second guide plate group (53), and the guide angles of the second guide plate group (53) and the third guide plate group (54) are staggered.

7. The convection type cyclone separator according to claim 6, wherein: The connection between the air intake flue (1) and the convective cyclone base cylinder (3) is provided with a gradually expanding section that expands from top to bottom, and the second guide plate group (53) and the third guide plate group (54) are both located at the gradually expanding section.

8. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (5) is provided with a fourth guide plate group (55) at the bend of the air intake flue (1).

9. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide mechanism (5) is provided with a fifth guide plate group (56) at the bend of the exhaust flue (2).

10. The convective cyclone dust collector as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The convective cyclone base tube (3) is constructed by means of an external protrusion (32) on the shell so that the double annular channel (31) maintains the same channel cross-sectional area from beginning to end.

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