A combined tool suitable for machining light and dark same body structure and numerical control machining equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to numerical control processing technical field discloses a kind of combined tool and numerical control processing equipment suitable for processing light and dark same body structure, including handle, tool bit, rough machining cutting edge subassembly and finish machining cutting edge subassembly, by being clamped rough machining cutting edge subassembly and finish machining cutting edge subassembly in sequence along handle axial on same tool bit, finish machining cutting edge subassembly can complete processing in sequence to high light area and dark dull area of composite material workpiece in one clamping process, each area surface roughness reaches predetermined requirement and limit is clear and distinct, effectively avoid the repeated positioning error and processing discontinuous problem caused by frequent switching between different tools, to improve the processing consistency and link smoothness of light and dark area, due to the material of each cutting edge subassembly is different, its service life is significantly extended, reduces tool replacement frequency and maintenance cost, reduces tool changing and repositioning time, shortens processing tempo, significantly improves the processing efficiency of single-piece workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machining technology, and in particular to a combination tool and CNC machining equipment suitable for machining light and dark co-existing structures. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing of decorative components for smartphone cameras and exterior parts for smart wearable devices, with the increasing demand for aesthetic enhancements, components such as decorative rings, lens brackets, and bezels typically need to simultaneously present both high-gloss specular areas and matte areas on the same structure to balance visual appeal and shooting functionality. High-gloss areas (such as the outer bright edge and reflective chamfer) enhance the decorative effect, while matte areas (such as the inner ring or background surface) suppress reflection interference; both are constructed from the same carbon fiber reinforced composite material in a single molding process, forming a so-called co-existing light and dark structure.

[0003] In existing machining processes for both glossy and matte surfaces, both the highlight and matte areas must achieve specific surface roughness precision. However, due to the high fiber hardness and heterogeneous material properties of composite materials (e.g., the fiber-resin matrix interface is prone to cracking), traditional machining methods typically require sequential replacement of roughing cutters, chamfering cutters, and finishing cutters. Each tool change necessitates repositioning the cutter, which easily introduces positioning errors, resulting in blurred gloss-dark boundaries, poor surface consistency, and difficulty in guaranteeing machining accuracy. Furthermore, existing tool life is limited, necessitating frequent tool changes to meet high precision requirements, further reducing production efficiency. Each tool change also involves downtime, disassembly, and tool setting, accumulating significant time consumption and substantially impacting overall machining efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a combination of cutting tools and CNC machining equipment suitable for machining co-existing light and dark structures. This allows for the machining of co-existing light and dark structures, improving the machining accuracy of each area, extending the service life of each cutting tool, increasing the machining efficiency of a single workpiece, reducing production costs, and meeting the requirements for machining composite materials with low chipping and high surface quality.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A combined cutting tool suitable for machining coexisting light and dark structures, comprising:

[0007] Handle;

[0008] The cutting head is fixedly installed at the working end of the cutting handle;

[0009] The roughing cutting edge assembly is clamped on the cutting head along the axial direction of the cutting shank and located near one end of the cutting shank. Its cutting edges are all made of cubic boron nitride material to facilitate the rapid removal of material, edge chamfering protection and surface finishing of the workpiece in sequence.

[0010] The finishing cutting edge assembly includes a diamond chamfering edge and a diamond milling edge, which are clamped on the cutting head along the axial direction of the tool holder and located at the end away from the tool holder. Both are made of diamond material. The diamond chamfering edge is used to finish the chamfer of the workpiece after it has been machined by the roughing cutting edge assembly and to eliminate chipping. The diamond milling edge is used to sequentially finish the matte and bright areas of the workpiece's light and dark areas.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the roughing cutting edge assembly includes a roughing edge, upper and lower chamfering edges, and a finishing edge, which are sequentially mounted on the cutting head along the axial direction of the tool holder from the end closest to the tool holder to the end furthest from the tool holder. The roughing edge is used to quickly remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece; the upper and lower chamfering edges are arranged at an angle and are used to chamfer the upper and lower edges of the workpiece to form a predetermined chamfer angle; the finishing edge is used to flatten and correct the surface of the workpiece.

[0012] In some alternative embodiments, the roughing cutting edge has a double-groove structure arranged in a 45° spiral along the axis of the tool holder, and the helix angle of the double-groove structure is 15° to 20°.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the upper and lower chamfering edges include an upper chamfering edge and a lower chamfering edge. The upper chamfering edge is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder 1, and its cutting edge line extends from the end near the tool holder to the end away from the tool holder, with an inclination angle of 30° to 45°. The lower chamfering edge is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder, and its cutting edge line extends from the end away from the tool holder to the end near the tool holder, with an inclination angle of 15° to 30°. The outer edges of both the upper and lower chamfering edges protrude from the radial contour of the tool head, with a width of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0014] In some alternative embodiments, the dressing edge is a straight-edged structure, parallel to the axial direction of the tool holder, and its cutting edge has a transverse width of 2mm to 3mm.

[0015] In some alternative embodiments, the diamond chamfering edge is disposed adjacent to the dressing edge and is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder, with its cutting edge line extending from the end away from the tool holder to the end closer to the tool holder at an inclination angle of 45° to 60°, and the radius of the diamond chamfering edge is 0.05mm to 0.1mm.

[0016] In some alternative embodiments, the diamond milling cutter has a multi-groove structure arranged in a spiral at 30° to 45° along the axis of the tool holder, and the sharpness of the diamond milling cutter's cutting edge is not greater than 0.01 mm.

[0017] In some alternative embodiments, the tool holder is cylindrical and is made of tungsten carbide or high-carbon steel.

[0018] In some alternative embodiments, the working end of the tool holder has a 1mm to 2mm welding bevel along its axial direction to enhance the connection strength between the tool holder and the tool head.

[0019] A CNC machining equipment includes a machine tool, a spindle, a drive motor, and a combination tool as described above for machining a cohesive light and dark structure. The tool holder is clamped on the spindle, the workpiece is clamped on the machine tool, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the spindle to control the rotational speed, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of the spindle driving the tool holder.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] This invention provides a combined cutting tool and CNC machining equipment suitable for machining composite structures with both light and dark areas. The tool includes a tool holder, a tool head, a roughing cutting edge assembly, and a finishing cutting edge assembly. By sequentially clamping the roughing and finishing cutting edge assemblies along the tool holder axis on the same tool head, the finishing cutting edge assembly, which includes a chamfering edge and a milling edge, can sequentially machine the highlight and matte areas of the composite workpiece in a single clamping operation. The roughing cutting edge assembly first performs rapid material removal and shaping on the composite workpiece, followed by surface finishing of different light areas. This ensures that the surface roughness of each area meets predetermined requirements and has clear boundaries, effectively avoiding repetitive positioning errors and machining discontinuities caused by frequent switching between different tools. This improves the consistency and smoothness of machining between the light and dark areas. Each cutting edge assembly uses a different material, allowing it to operate under optimal cutting stress and wear conditions, effectively reducing the overall tool wear rate, significantly extending the service life of the combined tool, and reducing tool replacement frequency and maintenance costs. Compared to traditional multi-tool step-by-step machining methods, this structure enables the completion of multiple processes such as roughing, chamfering, and surface finishing in a single setup. This reduces tool change and repositioning time, shortens the machining cycle time, and significantly improves the machining efficiency of a single workpiece, making it suitable for batch production scenarios with high consistency and high cycle time. Furthermore, due to extended tool life and improved machining accuracy, the scrap rate and rework frequency are significantly reduced, further lowering overall production costs and demonstrating good economic and technological application value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combined cutting tool of this utility model, which is suitable for machining optical and dark composite structures.

[0023] In the picture:

[0024] 1. Tool holder; 2. Tool head; 3. Roughing cutting edge assembly; 31. Rough milling edge; 32. Upper and lower chamfering edges; 321. Upper chamfering edge; 322. Lower chamfering edge; 33. Finishing edge; 4. Finishing cutting edge assembly; 41. Chamfering edge; 42. Finish milling edge. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0028] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a combined tool suitable for machining a cohesive light and dark structure, including a tool holder 1, a tool head 2, a roughing cutting edge assembly 3, and a finishing cutting edge assembly 4. The tool head 2 is fixedly mounted on the working end of the tool holder 1. The roughing cutting edge assembly 3 is clamped on the tool head 2 along the axial direction of the tool holder 1, located near the end of the tool holder 1, and its cutting edges are all made of cubic boron nitride material to facilitate rapid material removal, edge chamfering protection, and surface finishing of the workpiece in sequence. The finishing cutting edge assembly 4 includes a diamond chamfering edge 41 and a diamond milling edge 42, which are clamped on the tool head 2 along the axial direction of the tool holder 1, located away from the end of the tool holder 1. Both are made of diamond material. The diamond chamfering edge 41 is used to finish the chamfer of the workpiece after machining by the roughing cutting edge assembly 3 and eliminate chipping. The diamond milling edge 42 is used to finish the surface of the dull and bright areas of the cohesive light and dark area of ​​the workpiece in sequence.

[0030] By sequentially clamping the roughing cutting edge assembly 3 and the finishing cutting edge assembly 4 along the axial direction of the tool holder 1 on the same cutting head 2 from the end closest to the tool holder 1 to the end furthest from the tool holder 1, the finishing cutting edge assembly 4, which includes a diamond chamfering edge 41 and a diamond milling edge 42, can sequentially complete the machining of the highlight and dull areas of the composite material workpiece in a single clamping process. The roughing cutting edge assembly 3 first performs rapid material removal and shaping on the composite material workpiece, and then the finishing cutting edge assembly 4 performs surface finishing on different highlight areas, so that the surface roughness of each area meets the predetermined requirements and the boundaries are clear and distinct. This effectively avoids the repeated positioning errors and machining discontinuities caused by frequent switching between different tools, thereby improving the machining consistency and smoothness of the highlight and dull areas.

[0031] The roughing cutting edge assembly 3 is made of cubic boron nitride (CBN), a material with extremely high hardness and wear resistance. This allows it to maintain a stable cutting edge shape during high-speed cutting and effectively reduce interlayer tearing and chipping in composite workpieces, achieving stable material removal and forming. The finishing cutting edge assembly 4 is made of diamond, with a sharp cutting edge and low cutting force. It can perform minor finishing on the rough-machined surface, preventing new micro-cracks or delamination in brittle matrix layers (such as carbon fiber resin layers), thus eliminating existing chipping and preventing further expansion. Through the division of labor between roughing and finishing, and the complementary effects of material properties, errors at each machining stage are gradually reduced, significantly improving the morphological accuracy and surface quality of both glossy and matte areas, ensuring the overall dimensional accuracy and surface texture consistency of the workpiece. Simultaneously, each cutting edge assembly operates under optimal cutting stress and wear conditions, effectively reducing the overall tool wear rate, significantly extending the service life of the combined tool set, and reducing tool replacement frequency and maintenance costs.

[0032] Compared to traditional multi-tool step-by-step machining methods, this structure enables the completion of multiple processes such as roughing, chamfering, and surface finishing in a single setup. This reduces tool change and repositioning time, shortens the machining cycle time, and significantly improves the machining efficiency of a single workpiece, making it suitable for batch production scenarios with high consistency and high cycle time. Furthermore, due to extended tool life and improved machining accuracy, the scrap rate and rework frequency are significantly reduced, further lowering overall production costs and demonstrating good economic and technological application value.

[0033] It is easy to understand that each cutting edge component is fixed to the cutting head 2 by a conventional clamping structure, which is a well-known technology in the field and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] Specifically, the roughing cutting tool assembly 3 includes a roughing milling cutter 31, upper and lower chamfering cutters 32, and a finishing cutter 33, which are installed sequentially on the cutter head 2 along the axial direction of the tool holder 1 from the end closest to the tool holder 1 to the end furthest from the tool holder 1. The roughing milling cutter 31 is used to quickly remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece; the upper and lower chamfering cutters 32 are arranged at an angle and are used to chamfer the upper and lower edges of the workpiece to form a predetermined chamfer angle; the finishing cutter 33 is used to flatten and correct the surface of the workpiece. When cutting the workpiece, the rough milling cutter 31 first contacts the workpiece surface, quickly removing most of the machining allowance with a large cutting depth and feed rate, forming a rough blank surface close to the target shape, providing a basis for subsequent chamfering and finishing. Then, the tool holder 1 is moved, and the upper and lower chamfering cutters 32 cut into the upper and lower edge areas of the workpiece to cut the workpiece edge, forming a chamfered surface at a predetermined angle to eliminate the sharp edges and burrs generated in the rough milling stage, prevent the composite material edge from cracking or delamination, achieve a smooth edge transition, and provide a good geometric shape for subsequent finishing or surface processing. Next, the tool holder 1 is moved again, and the dressing cutter 33 lightly cuts a layer along the rough-machined surface, removing residual tool marks, ripples or local high points through micro-cutting, improving surface flatness and shape accuracy, and providing a uniform and stable cutting base surface for subsequent finishing tool assembly 4. By arranging each cutting edge sequentially along the axial direction of the tool holder 1, the workpiece can complete material removal, chamfering and surface finishing in a single pass, which not only ensures the continuity of the cutting path, but also avoids interference between different cutting edges, and the overall tool head 2 has a compact structure.

[0035] Furthermore, the roughing cutter 31 has a double-groove structure arranged in a 45° spiral along the axis of the tool holder 1, with a helix angle of 15° to 20°. This spiral structure allows the roughing cutter 31 to gradually contact the workpiece during cutting, smoothly increasing the cutting force from zero and avoiding instantaneous impact. Simultaneously, the 45° helix angle effectively disperses the cutting force, converting the main cutting force into an axial component, thereby reducing radial impact and vibration and significantly improving cutting stability. In addition, the double-groove structure forms two independent chip removal channels, allowing chips to be quickly discharged along the spiral grooves, preventing carbon fiber chips or resin powder from clogging the workpiece. Combined with the 15°–20° helix angle, a self-chip removal effect is generated under high-speed rotation, improving chip removal efficiency and machining continuity, thereby reducing vibration and heat generation, preventing delamination or ablation of composite material workpieces, and enhancing machining stability and surface quality.

[0036] Furthermore, the upper and lower chamfering edges 32 include an upper chamfering edge 321 and a lower chamfering edge 322. The upper chamfering edge 321 is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder 1, and its cutting edge line extends from the end near the tool holder 1 to the end away from the tool holder 1, with an inclination angle of 30° to 45°. The lower chamfering edge 322 is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder 1, and its cutting edge line extends from the end away from the tool holder 1 to the end near the tool holder 1, with an inclination angle of 15° to 30°. The outer edges of both the upper chamfering edge 321 and the lower chamfering edge 322 protrude from the radial contour of the tool head 2, with a width of 0.3mm to 0.5mm. The upper chamfering edge 321 and the lower chamfering edge 322 are arranged in a cross pattern with different inclination angles, so that the cutting force is applied to the upper and lower edge areas of the workpiece respectively, thereby reducing the stress concentration at a single edge and preventing interlayer tearing or edge chipping of the composite material.

[0037] Specifically, an upper chamfer angle of 30° to 45° is suitable for removing sharp angles and burrs from the upper fiber layer, while a lower chamfer angle of 15° to 30° provides a gentler cut, which helps prevent the formation of burrs on the lower edge. The two work together to create a smooth and continuous transition surface at the chamfer edge, avoiding delamination defects.

[0038] Furthermore, the outer edges of both the upper and lower chamfering edges 32 slightly protrude from the radial contour of the cutting head 2, allowing for full contact with the workpiece edge during cutting and ensuring complete chamfering surface formation, while avoiding interference from the main cutting edge or incomplete chamfering. By controlling the width of the diamond chamfering edge 41 between 0.3mm and 0.5mm, both the chamfering accuracy and sufficient cutting edge rigidity can be maintained, resulting in a smooth and uniform chamfered surface, providing an ideal base for subsequent finishing or decorative polishing.

[0039] Furthermore, the dressing blade 33 has a straight blade structure and is parallel to the axis of the tool holder 1. Its cutting edge has a transverse width of 2mm to 3mm. The straight blade structure allows the tool to form a continuous linear cutting trajectory during the feed process, which can stably dress the surface of the composite material and avoid tool marks or micro-steps caused by fluctuations in the tool tip trajectory, thereby improving the surface flatness and reflectivity. The 2mm to 3mm blade width can cover a wider machining zone in one cut, reducing the number of tool passes and improving dressing efficiency. It is especially suitable for the rapid and uniform dressing of large-area composite material surfaces.

[0040] In this embodiment, the diamond chamfering blade 41 and the dressing blade 33 are arranged adjacent to each other and are inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder 1. The cutting edge line extends from the end away from the tool holder 1 to the end closer to the tool holder 1, with an inclination angle of 45° to 60°. The radius of the diamond chamfering blade 41 is 0.05mm to 0.1mm. This small arc cutting edge can form a fine chamfer on the edge of the workpiece, eliminating sharp corners and small burrs, and making the chamfer transition natural and smooth. The cutting edge line extends from the end away from the tool holder 1 to the end closer to the tool holder 1, with an inclination angle of 45° to 60°, so that the cutting force is gradually applied to the edge of the workpiece. The cutting force increases smoothly from zero, effectively reducing the instantaneous impact stress on the edge of the composite material workpiece, avoiding delamination of the upper and lower layers or edge cracking, and improving the processing quality and product reliability.

[0041] Furthermore, the diamond milling cutter 42 has a multi-groove structure arranged in a spiral pattern of 30° to 45° along the axis of the tool holder 1, which allows the cutting edge to gradually contact the workpiece, thereby smoothly increasing the cutting force; the sharpness of the diamond milling cutter 42 is no more than 0.01mm, making the cutting more precise, effectively removing trace amounts of material and burrs, and achieving high-precision micro-cutting.

[0042] In this embodiment, the tool holder 1 is cylindrical and made of tungsten carbide high carbon steel. The cylindrical tool holder 1 has a simple structure and uniform force distribution, which can keep the tool stable during high-speed rotation and feeding, reduce vibration and eccentricity, and improve machining accuracy. The tool holder 1 made of tungsten carbide high carbon steel has high hardness and good wear resistance, and is not easy to wear, deform or break even under high load machining or long-term use.

[0043] In some alternative embodiments, the working end of the tool holder 1 has a 1mm to 2mm welding bevel along its axial direction. The welding bevel provides additional welding filler space, increases the welding area, and makes the weld more robust, thereby reducing the risk of separation or loosening between the tool holder 1 and the tool head 2, and significantly enhancing the connection strength between the two. In addition, the strengthened connection ensures that the tool head 2 does not shift or vibrate during high-speed rotation or heavy-load cutting, which helps maintain cutting accuracy and improve the surface quality of the machined part.

[0044] In addition, the surface of the tool holder 1 is nitrided, and the surface hardness of the tool holder 1 after treatment can reach 800HV~900HV, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance and service life of the tool holder 1.

[0045] To ensure a more stable connection between each cutting edge and the cutting head 2, each cutting edge is first fixed to the cutting head 2 by vacuum welding to achieve a high-strength bond. Subsequently, Ni-based alloy laser cladding is performed at the interface to alleviate residual welding stress and enhance the vibration resistance of the connection between the cutting edge and the cutting head 2, thereby improving the stability of the tool during high-speed cutting.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a CNC machining equipment, including a machine tool, a spindle, a drive motor, and a combination tool suitable for machining a light and dark coaxial structure as described in any of the above embodiments. The tool holder 1 is clamped on the spindle, the workpiece is clamped on the machine tool, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the spindle to control the rotational speed, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of the spindle driving the tool holder 1.

[0047] By mounting a combination tool suitable for machining both light and dark structures onto the spindle and fixing the workpiece on the machine tool, the light and dark structures of the workpiece can be machined with high precision under the control of CNC program. This allows for the completion of upper and lower edge chamfering, surface finishing, and micro-fine milling in one operation, improving machining consistency, surface finish, and chamfer accuracy. At the same time, it reduces manual intervention, increases machining efficiency, and extends tool life.

[0048] The operation procedure for CNC machining equipment is as follows:

[0049] First, preliminary preparations are carried out. The combination tool suitable for machining the light and dark coaxial structure is clamped on the spindle, ensuring that the collet and tool holder 1 are firmly connected and the coaxiality error is ≤0.003mm. The extension length of the combination tool is adjusted to ensure that the tool head 2 covers the machining area throughout the entire stroke. Each cutting edge component is calibrated using a high-precision contact probe, with the diamond milling cutter tip 42 as the reference zero point.

[0050] Next, rough machining of the workpiece is performed using the rough milling cutter 31. The spindle speed is adjusted to 38,000 r / min, the cutting speed to 3 m / min-5 m / min, the feed rate to 0.05 mm / r-0.1 mm / r, and the depth of cut to 1 mm-2 mm, removing approximately 70% of the machining allowance. The rough milling cutter 31 forms a rough blank surface close to the target shape, providing a reference for subsequent chamfering and finishing. Then, the tool holder 1 is moved down to the position of the upper and lower chamfering edges 32, and the spindle speed is adjusted to 36,000 r / min. With a cutting speed of 3 m / min and a cutting speed of 3 m / min, the upper and lower chamfering edges 32 cut into the upper and lower edge areas of the workpiece to form a chamfered surface at a predetermined angle, ensuring that the edges are flat and free of cracks. Then, the tool holder 1 is moved down to the position of the dressing edge 33, the spindle speed is adjusted to 35000 r / min, the cutting speed is adjusted to 2-3.5 m / min, and the feed rate is adjusted to 0.03 mm / r-0.06 mm / r. The dressing edge 33 lightly cuts a layer along the rough machined surface to remove residual tool marks, ripples and local high points, making the workpiece surface flat and uniform.

[0051] Next, the workpiece is finished. The tool holder 1 is moved down to the position of the diamond chamfering edge 41, the spindle speed is adjusted to 39000 r / min, and the cutting speed is 3 m / min-5 m / min. The edges of the workpiece are finely chamfered and burrs are removed. The tool holder 1 is moved down to the position of the diamond milling edge 42, and the spindle speed is adjusted to 40000 r / min. The workpiece is machined in the order of dark surface first and then light surface. When machining the dark surface, the cutting speed is adjusted to 2 m / min and the feed rate is 0.04 mm / r. When machining the dark surface, the cutting speed is adjusted to 4 m / min and the feed rate is 0.03 mm / r. The diamond milling edge 42 removes a small amount of residual material, so as to achieve a smooth surface in the high-gloss area and uniform roughness in the dark surface, and ensure the machining quality of the light and dark integrated structure.

[0052] Finally, the workpiece is processed, replaced, and the next workpiece is processed.

[0053] Following the above operating procedure, experiments have demonstrated that when using CNC machining equipment equipped with the combined cutting tools of this invention to process smartphone camera decorative parts, the processing time is 4.2 minutes per piece, the surface roughness Ra is 0.6 μm for smooth surfaces and 1.2 μm for dark surfaces, and the dimensional accuracy can reach ±0.012 mm. After continuously processing 300 pieces, the tool wear does not exceed 0.015 mm, still meeting the processing accuracy requirements.

[0054] In contrast, when machining the same smartphone camera trim piece using CNC machining equipment equipped with traditional cutting tools, it is necessary to sequentially change high-speed steel roughing cutters, carbide chamfering cutters, and carbide finish cutting cutters. Each tool change takes approximately 3-4 minutes, resulting in a single-piece machining time of 9.5 minutes. The finished surface roughness Ra is 1.0 μm (compliance rate 82%), and the dark surface roughness Ra is 1.8 μm (compliance rate 78%), with a dimensional accuracy of only ±0.035 mm. Specifically, the high-speed steel roughing cutter showed wear exceeding 0.04 mm after machining 80 pieces, and the carbide finish cutting cutter showed a significant decrease in accuracy after machining 120 pieces, necessitating tool replacement.

[0055] When the workpiece is changed to an exterior component of a smart wearable device, such as a smartwatch case, the CNC machining equipment equipped with the combined tool of this invention has a machining time of 4.8 minutes per piece, a surface roughness Ra of 0.7 μm for the smooth surface, a surface roughness Ra of 1.4 μm for the dark surface, and a tool life of up to 500 pieces per cycle. In contrast, when machining the same workpiece with traditional tools, the machining time is 10.2 minutes per piece, the surface roughness Ra is 1.1 μm for the smooth surface, a surface roughness Ra of 1.9 μm for the dark surface, and a tool life of only 100 pieces per cycle.

[0056] As shown in the above experimental results, compared with CNC machining equipment equipped with traditional cutting tools, CNC machining equipment equipped with the combined cutting tools of this invention exhibits significant advantages in terms of machining efficiency, machining quality, dimensional accuracy, and tool life.

[0057] In terms of processing efficiency, the combined tool of this invention can complete roughing, chamfering, and finishing processes sequentially in a single setup, eliminating the need for frequent tool changes and significantly reducing the processing time per piece. Specifically, the processing time for smartphone camera decorative parts is reduced from 9.5 minutes / piece to 4.2 minutes / piece, and the processing time for smart wearable device exterior parts (such as smartwatch cases) is reduced from 10.2 minutes / piece to 4.8 minutes / piece, resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of more than double.

[0058] In terms of processing quality, the combined cutting tools of this invention significantly improve both the surface roughness of the light and dark surfaces. The surface roughness Ra of the light surface of smartphone camera decorative parts decreased from 1.0 μm to 0.6 μm, and the surface roughness Ra of the dark surface decreased from 1.8 μm to 1.2 μm, with the surface compliance rate increasing from less than 80% to 100%. For the exterior parts of smart wearable devices, the surface roughness of the light and dark surfaces are 0.7 μm and 1.4 μm, respectively, resulting in a more uniform overall surface transition and a better appearance.

[0059] In terms of dimensional accuracy and stability, the dimensional accuracy of the parts processed by the combined tool of the present invention can reach ±0.012mm, which is significantly better than the ±0.035mm of the traditional tool. Moreover, it can maintain stable accuracy after processing 300 parts continuously without additional calibration, thus ensuring the reliability of long-term continuous processing.

[0060] Furthermore, regarding tool life, the wear on the cutting edge of the combined tool of this invention does not exceed 0.015mm, and its machining life is 4 to 5 times that of traditional tools. Taking smartwatch cases as an example, the tool of this invention can continuously process 500 pieces while maintaining the required precision, while traditional tools can only process about 100 pieces.

[0061] Therefore, CNC machining equipment with this combination of tools not only significantly improves machining efficiency and quality, but also greatly extends tool life and reduces tool replacement and maintenance costs. It has excellent economic benefits and wide application value, and is especially suitable for efficient and high-precision integrated machining of workpieces with both light and dark structures.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A combined cutting tool suitable for machining structures with both light and dark surfaces, characterized in that, include: Handle (1); The cutting head (2) is fixedly installed at the working end of the cutting handle (1); The roughing cutting edge assembly (3) is clamped on the cutting head (2) along the axial direction of the cutting shank (1) and located near the end of the cutting shank (1). Its cutting edges are all made of cubic boron nitride material, so as to facilitate the rapid removal of material, edge chamfering protection and surface finishing of the workpiece in sequence. The finishing cutting edge assembly (4) includes a diamond chamfering edge (41) and a diamond milling edge (42), which are clamped on the cutting head (2) along the axial direction of the tool holder (1) and located at the end away from the tool holder (1). Both are made of diamond material. The diamond chamfering edge (41) is used to finish the chamfer of the workpiece after it has been processed by the roughing cutting edge assembly (3) and to eliminate chipping. The diamond milling edge (42) is used to finish the surface of the dull area and the bright area of ​​the light and dark area of ​​the workpiece in sequence.

2. The combined cutting tool according to claim 1, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, is characterized in that, The roughing cutting tool assembly (3) includes a roughing cutter (31), upper and lower chamfering cutters (32) and a finishing cutter (33), which are installed sequentially on the cutting head (2) along the axial direction of the tool holder (1) from the end closer to the tool holder (1) to the end farther away from the tool holder (1). The roughing cutter (31) is used to quickly remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece. The upper and lower chamfering cutters (32) are arranged at an angle and are used to chamfer the upper and lower edges of the workpiece to form a predetermined chamfer angle. The finishing cutter (33) is used to flatten and correct the surface of the workpiece.

3. The combined cutting tool for machining both light and dark structures according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rough milling cutter (31) has a double groove structure arranged in a 45° spiral along the axis of the tool holder (1), and the spiral helix angle of the double groove structure is 15° to 20°.

4. The combined cutting tool according to claim 3, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, is characterized in that... The upper and lower chamfering edges (32) include an upper chamfering edge (321) and a lower chamfering edge (322). The upper chamfering edge (321) is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder (1), and its cutting edge extends from the end near the tool holder (1) to the end away from the tool holder (1) with an inclination angle of 30° to 45°. The lower chamfering edge (322) is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder (1), and its cutting edge extends from the end away from the tool holder (1) to the end near the tool holder (1) with an inclination angle of 15° to 30°. The outer edges of the upper chamfering edge (321) and the lower chamfering edge (322) both protrude from the radial contour of the tool head (2) with a width of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

5. The combined cutting tool according to claim 4, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, is characterized in that... The dressing blade (33) has a straight blade structure and is parallel to the axial direction of the tool holder (1). Its cutting edge has a transverse width of 2mm to 3mm.

6. The combined cutting tool according to claim 5, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, is characterized in that... The diamond chamfering edge (41) is arranged adjacent to the dressing edge (33) and is inclined relative to the axis of the tool holder (1). Its cutting edge line extends from the end away from the tool holder (1) to the end closer to the tool holder (1), and its inclination angle is 45° to 60°. The radius of the cutting edge of the diamond chamfering edge (41) is 0.05mm to 0.1mm.

7. The combined cutting tool according to claim 6, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, is characterized in that... The diamond milling cutter (42) has a multi-groove structure arranged in a spiral at 30° to 45° along the axis of the tool holder (1), and the sharpness of the diamond milling cutter (42) is not greater than 0.01mm.

8. The combined cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The handle (1) is cylindrical and is made of tungsten steel and high carbon steel.

9. The combined cutting tool according to claim 8, suitable for machining structures with both light and dark components, characterized in that, The working end of the tool holder (1) has a 1mm to 2mm welding bevel reserved along its axial direction to enhance the connection strength between the tool holder (1) and the tool head (2).

10. A CNC machining equipment, characterized in that, The tool includes a machine tool, a spindle, a drive motor, and a combined tool as described in any one of claims 1-9, suitable for machining a light and dark coaxial structure. The tool holder (1) is clamped on the spindle, the workpiece is clamped on the machine tool, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the spindle to control the rotational speed, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of the spindle driving the tool holder (1).

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