A laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522072809.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-26
AI Technical Summary
随着汽车行业的发展，对镀锌板的焊接质量提出了越来越高的质量要求，由于锌的沸点（906℃）远低于钢的熔点（约1500℃），而通常的熔化极气体保护焊（GMAW）的电弧温度可达3000℃以上，因此镀锌板在焊接过程中，易出现气孔、飞溅及电弧不稳定等现象
本实用新型采用联动控制模块对激光清洗预热模块和锌蒸汽排气模块进行联动，通过联动控制模块中的位移传感器和时序控制器分别与光纤激光器、微型抽气泵、焊枪电性连接，当位移传感器检测到焊枪移动信号并传送到远程控制终端后，使其触发控制激光清洗预热模块提前启动，在焊枪到达前完成对搭接面镀锌层的焊前清洗和预热；当焊枪焊接开始后，联动控制锌蒸汽排气模块启动，同步进行锌蒸汽排除，有效降低了镀锌板焊接件气孔的产生，提高了焊接质量。
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Figure CN224737534U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of galvanized sheet welding technology, and in particular to a laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding. Background Technology
[0002] Galvanized steel sheet is widely used due to its good economic efficiency and corrosion resistance. It is also widely used in automotive body panels, accounting for over 60% of all automotive components, including exterior body panels, wheel arch panels, floor panels, and engine compartment parts. With the development of the automotive industry, increasingly higher quality requirements are being placed on the welding of galvanized steel sheets. Because zinc's boiling point (906℃) is much lower than steel's melting point (approximately 1500℃), and the arc temperature of typical gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can reach over 3000℃, galvanized steel sheets are prone to porosity, spatter, and arc instability during welding.
[0003] Porosity in galvanized welds primarily originates from zinc vapor at the lap joint. During welding, the galvanized layer rapidly vaporizes, generating high-pressure zinc vapor. If this vapor cannot escape effectively, porosity forms. The core cause of weld porosity is closely related to the physical properties of zinc. Since zinc's boiling point is only 906℃, far lower than iron's melting point, zinc in the galvanized layer rapidly evaporates during welding, forming zinc vapor. Some of this zinc vapor enters the molten pool. Due to the rapid solidification of the molten pool, the zinc bubbles do not have time to rise and escape. Furthermore, when the molten pool is completely solidified, the temperature is still higher than zinc's boiling point, so the zinc remains in a gaseous state. During subsequent cooling, the gaseous zinc transforms into a solid state, causing a rapid volume contraction, ultimately forming porosity in the weld.
[0004] Based on the above problems, developing an exhaust device that facilitates the removal of zinc vapor is an urgent issue to be addressed in the existing technology. This device effectively reduces the generation of porosity in welded galvanized sheet components and improves welding quality. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cleaning and exhaust device for welding galvanized sheets. This device can clean and preheat the galvanized layer on the lap surface before welding. When welding begins, the zinc vapor exhaust module is activated in a linkage control to simultaneously remove zinc vapor, effectively reducing the generation of porosity in the welded galvanized sheet and improving the welding quality.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding, including a laser cleaning preheating module, a zinc vapor exhaust module, and a linkage control module. The laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module are connected to the welding torch of the welding equipment through a connecting plate, and the linkage control module is electrically connected to the laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module through cables respectively.
[0007] Preferably, the laser cleaning preheating module includes a fiber laser for cleaning the zinc coating on the lap surface of the welded parts and an angle adjustment bracket. The angle adjustment bracket is provided with a transverse translation guide rail and is slidably connected to one side of the connecting plate. The fiber laser is mounted on the angle adjustment bracket, and the angle between the laser emission angle of the fiber laser and the surface of the welded parts is in the range of 30° to 45°, ensuring that the center of the laser spot of the fiber laser is coaxial with the welding trajectory of the welding torch.
[0008] Preferably, the angle adjustment bracket includes a base plate, a flip plate, and a connecting slide. The flip plate is movably connected to the base plate. The top of the flip plate is provided with an ear for fixing the fiber laser. Two connecting slides are installed on both sides of the base plate. The connecting slides are provided with sliding grooves. The two sides of the flip plate are slidably connected to the sliding grooves by locking screws.
[0009] Preferably, the zinc vapor exhaust module includes a semi-circular gas collection hood and a micro-pump. The interior of the semi-circular gas collection hood is evenly distributed with several guide plates, the angle between the guide plates and the horizontal plane is 30°. The micro-pump is connected to the top of the semi-circular gas collection hood through a pipe, and the output end of the micro-pump delivers the collected zinc vapor to the outside of the welding area.
[0010] Preferably, the linkage control module controls the laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module in conjunction with each other via a remote control terminal. The linkage control module includes a displacement sensor and a timing controller. The displacement sensor and the timing controller are electrically connected to the fiber laser, the miniature vacuum pump, and the welding torch, respectively. When the displacement sensor detects the movement signal of the welding torch and transmits it to the remote control terminal, it triggers the laser cleaning preheating module to start in advance, completing pre-welding cleaning and preheating before the welding torch arrives. When welding begins, the linkage control module starts the zinc vapor exhaust module to simultaneously remove zinc vapor.
[0011] Therefore, the laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding with the above-described structure of this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention employs a linkage control module to link the laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module. The linkage control module uses a displacement sensor and a timing controller electrically connected to the fiber laser, a miniature air pump, and the welding torch, respectively. When the displacement sensor detects a welding torch movement signal and transmits it to the remote control terminal, it triggers the laser cleaning preheating module to start in advance, completing the pre-welding cleaning and preheating of the galvanized layer on the overlapping surface before the welding torch arrives. Once welding begins, the linkage control zinc vapor exhaust module starts, simultaneously removing zinc vapor, effectively reducing porosity in the welded galvanized sheet and improving welding quality. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding according to this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a front view of an embodiment of a laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding according to this utility model.
[0013] Figure label: 1. Laser cleaning preheating module; 11. Fiber laser; 12. Angle adjustment bracket; 1201. Base plate; 1202. Flip plate; 1203. Connecting slide; 1204. Ear seat; 1205. Locking screw; 13. Lateral translation guide rail; 2. Zinc vapor exhaust module; 21. Semi-circular gas collection hood; 22. Guide plate; 23. Pipe; 24. Miniature air pump; 3. Linkage control module; 31. Displacement sensor; 32. Timing controller; 4. Welding torch; 5. Connecting plate; 6. Welding robot; 7. Remote control terminal. Detailed Implementation
[0014] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0015] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0016] Example Please see Figures 1-3 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding according to the present invention. It includes a laser cleaning preheating module 1, a zinc vapor exhaust module 2, and a linkage control module 3. The laser cleaning preheating module 1 and the zinc vapor exhaust module 2 are connected to the welding gun 4 of the welding robot 6 in the welding equipment through a connecting plate 5, and the linkage control module 3 is electrically connected to the laser cleaning preheating module 1 and the zinc vapor exhaust module 2 through cables respectively.
[0017] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the laser cleaning preheating module 1 includes a fiber laser 11 and an angle adjustment bracket 12 for cleaning the zinc plating on the lap surface of welded parts. The fiber laser 11 uses a 1064nm wavelength laser with adjustable power ranging from 50-300W. The fiber laser 11 forms a cleaning spot with a diameter of 0.5-2mm through an optical focusing lens, and the center of the spot is coaxial with the welding trajectory of the welding torch, ensuring that the cleaning area of the spot accurately covers the weld lap surface, thus achieving heated cleaning of the zinc plating on the lap surface. Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the angle adjustment bracket 12 includes a base plate 1201, a flip plate 1202, and a connecting slide 1203. The flip plate 1202 is movably connected to the base plate 1201. The top of the flip plate 1202 is provided with an ear seat 1204 for fixing the fiber laser 11. Two connecting slides 1203 are installed on both sides of the base plate 1201. The connecting slides 1203 are provided with sliding grooves. The two sides of the flip plate 1202 are slidably connected to the sliding grooves by locking screws 1205. The fiber laser 11 is installed on the angle adjustment bracket 12 to realize the angle adjustment of the fiber laser 11. Moreover, the angle between the laser emission angle of the fiber laser 11 and the surface of the welded part is in the range of 30° to 45°, ensuring that the center of the laser spot of the fiber laser 11 is coaxial with the welding trajectory of the welding torch 4. Meanwhile, a transverse sliding guide rail 13 is provided on the angle adjustment bracket 12 and is slidably connected to one side of the connecting plate 5. The position of the bracket 12 can be adjusted by sliding the angle laterally according to actual needs. After adjustment, the angle adjustment bracket 12 can be fixed on the transverse sliding guide rail 13 with bolts to adjust the cleaning range of the fiber laser 11.
[0018] The zinc vapor exhaust module 2 includes a semi-circular gas collection hood 21 and a micro vacuum pump 24. The entire zinc vapor exhaust module 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting plate 5, with the opening of the semi-circular gas collection hood 21 facing the welding area. Several guide plates 22 are evenly distributed inside the semi-circular gas collection hood 21, with the guide plates 22 forming an angle of 30° with respect to the horizontal plane, which facilitates guiding the zinc vapor to flow away from the molten pool in the welding area. The micro vacuum pump 24 is connected to the top of the semi-circular gas collection hood 21 through a pipe 23. In use, the opening of the semi-circular gas collection hood is facing the welding area of the lap joint, and the collected zinc vapor is transported to the outside of the welding area through the output end of the micro vacuum pump 24. The guide plates 22 guide the zinc vapor to flow away from the molten pool after welding. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the diameter of the semi-circular gas collection hood 21 is designed to be 50-60mm, and the pumping volume of the micro air pump 24 can be controlled within the range of 5-8L / min, ensuring that the micro air pump 24 can promptly discharge the zinc vapor generated during welding to the outside of the welding area.
[0019] The linkage control module 3 controls the laser cleaning preheating module 1 and the zinc vapor exhaust module 2 in conjunction with the remote control terminal 7. The linkage control module 3 includes a displacement sensor 31 and a timing controller 32. The displacement sensor 31 and the timing controller 32 are electrically connected to the fiber laser 11, the miniature air pump 24, and the welding torch 4, respectively. When the displacement sensor 31 detects the movement signal of the welding torch 4 and transmits it to the remote control terminal 7, it will trigger the laser cleaning preheating module 1 to start in advance, completing the pre-welding cleaning and preheating before the welding torch 4 arrives. When the welding torch 4 starts welding, the linkage control zinc vapor exhaust module 2 starts to simultaneously remove zinc vapor.
[0020] The working principle of this device is as follows: Firstly, in the pre-welding laser cleaning and preheating stage: When the displacement sensor 31 detects the movement signal of the welding torch 4 and transmits it to the remote control terminal 7, it triggers the laser cleaning and preheating module 1 to start in advance. Its fiber laser 11 emits a laser beam, which is focused on the welding lap surface of the galvanized parts. The laser energy raises the temperature of the galvanized layer on the lap surface. On the one hand, zinc has a boiling point of about 906℃, and the laser energy can evaporate the zinc in the galvanized layer, thus cleaning the galvanized layer on the lap surface of the welding area before welding and reducing the amount of zinc entering the molten pool during welding. On the other hand, the heat generated by the laser preheats the lap area, which helps to prolong the molten pool during subsequent welding. The high-temperature dwell time facilitates the escape of zinc vapor; during the welding and zinc vapor exhaust stage: after the welding torch 4 starts welding, the timing controller 32 in the linkage control module 3 controls the zinc vapor exhaust module 2 to start, the semi-circular gas collection hood 21 is aligned with the welding area, and under the action of the micro air pump 24, the zinc vapor generated during welding is collected and guided through the guide plate 22 in the semi-circular gas collection hood 21, and discharged to the outside of the welding area through the pipe 23, so as to avoid zinc vapor entering the molten pool and thus reduce the generation of welding bubbles; finally, until the welding is completed, the zinc vapor exhaust module 2 is closed for a period of time to ensure that the residual zinc vapor is fully discharged.
[0021] Therefore, this invention electrically connects a displacement sensor and a timing controller to a fiber laser, a miniature vacuum pump, and a welding torch, respectively. When the displacement sensor detects the movement signal of the welding torch and transmits it to the remote control terminal, it triggers the laser cleaning and preheating module to start in advance, completing pre-welding cleaning and preheating before the welding torch arrives. When welding begins, the zinc vapor exhaust module is activated in conjunction with the control module to simultaneously remove zinc vapor, effectively reducing the generation of porosity in galvanized sheet welded parts and improving welding quality.
[0022] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.
Claims
1. A laser cleaning and degassing device based on galvanized sheet welding, characterized in that: It includes a laser cleaning preheating module, a zinc vapor exhaust module, and a linkage control module. The laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module are connected to the welding gun of the welding equipment via a connecting plate. The laser cleaning preheating module includes a fiber laser for cleaning the zinc coating on the lap surface of the welded parts. The zinc vapor exhaust module includes a semi-circular gas collection hood and a micro air pump. The linkage control module includes a displacement sensor and a timing controller. The linkage control module is electrically connected to the fiber laser and the miniature air pump via cables, respectively. The displacement sensor and the timing controller are electrically connected to the fiber laser, the miniature air pump, and the welding torch, respectively. The fiber laser is mounted on an angle adjustment bracket, and the angle between the laser emission angle of the fiber laser and the surface of the welded part is in the range of 30° to 45°, ensuring that the center of the laser spot of the fiber laser is coaxial with the welding trajectory of the welding gun. When the displacement sensor detects the movement signal of the welding torch and transmits it to the remote control terminal, it triggers the laser cleaning and preheating module to start in advance, completing pre-welding cleaning and preheating before the welding torch arrives; when the welding torch starts welding, it controls the zinc vapor exhaust module to start, and zinc vapor is exhausted synchronously.
2. The laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment bracket includes a base plate, a flip plate, and a connecting slide. The flip plate is movably connected to the base plate. The top of the flip plate is provided with an ear for fixing the fiber laser. Two connecting slides are installed on both sides of the base plate. The connecting slides are provided with sliding grooves. The two sides of the flip plate are slidably connected to the sliding grooves by locking screws.
3. The laser cleaning and exhaust device based on galvanized sheet welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the semi-circular gas collection hood is evenly equipped with several guide plates, the angle between the guide plates and the horizontal plane is 30°. The micro vacuum pump is connected to the top of the semi-circular gas collection hood through a pipe, and the output end of the micro vacuum pump delivers the collected zinc vapor to the outside of the welding area.
4. The laser cleaning and venting device based on galvanized sheet welding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linkage control module controls the laser cleaning preheating module and the zinc vapor exhaust module in a coordinated manner via a remote control terminal.