A tunnel surface illegal construction inspection unmanned device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a drone device for inspecting illegal construction on the tunnel surface. It includes a drone body, a first fixing block fixed to the lower end of the drone body, a first slot on one side of the first fixing block near the lens, a motor fixed to the inner wall of the first slot, a drive shaft fixed to the output end of the motor, a second fixing block fixed to one side of the drive shaft, and multiple second slots extending circumferentially on one side of the second fixing block. Lenses are fixed to the inner walls of each of the multiple second slots. An alarm device is fixed to the upper end of the drone body. The motor drives a rotating shaft to rotate, which in turn rotates the second fixing block, adjusting the position of different lenses. This utility model is adaptable to various inspection needs, including large-scale inspections, detailed detection, and nighttime monitoring, significantly improving operational efficiency and providing immediate warnings upon detecting illegal construction activities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) devices, specifically a UAV device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] The drone device for inspecting illegal construction on the tunnel surface is a professional equipment system that integrates hardware such as multi-rotor and fixed-wing fuselage, high-definition camera, and lidar. It combines multi-source positioning, intelligent obstacle avoidance and flight control with 5G, microwave data transmission and AI analysis technology to efficiently inspect the tunnel surface and accurately identify illegal construction.

[0003] In existing technologies, drones have limitations in their single monitoring function during flight inspections. They cannot adapt to diverse environmental changes, resulting in incomplete detection and the inability to immediately warn of illegal construction, which can lead to increased damage. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a drone device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels. It is adaptable to various inspection needs such as large-scale inspection, detailed detection, and nighttime monitoring, significantly improving work efficiency and providing immediate warnings when illegal construction is detected. This solves the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A drone device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels includes a drone body, a first fixing block fixed to the lower end of the drone body, a first slot opened on one side of the first fixing block located on the lens, a motor fixed to the inner wall of the first slot, a drive shaft fixed to the output end of the motor, a second fixing block fixed to one side of the drive shaft, a plurality of second slots opened through the circumference on one side of the second fixing block, lenses fixed to the inner walls of the plurality of second slots, and an alarm device fixed to the upper end of the drone body.

[0007] Preferably, the alarm device includes a connecting plate, a fixing plate, a limiting block, a third slot, a limiting post, a latch, and a connecting rope; the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drone body, the fixing plate is slidably installed on the upper end of the connecting plate, the limiting block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixing plate, the limiting block has a third slot at the upper end, two limiting posts are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the third slot, the two limiting posts on both sides of the inner wall of the third slot correspond to each other, the upper end of the limiting post on the same side is fixedly connected to a latch, and the upper end of the limiting post on the other side is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rope, the other end of the connecting rope is fixedly connected to a locking tongue.

[0008] It is worth noting that the structure of the connecting plate being fixed to the drone and the fixing plate being slidably installed on the connecting plate allows for flexible adjustment of the position of the alarm device on the top of the drone, adapting to drones of different sizes or different installation requirements; the limiting block and the third slot provide stable installation space for the speaker, and the limiting post can limit the speaker laterally to prevent it from shaking or shifting during drone flight, ensuring stable operation of the alarm device.

[0009] Preferably, the first fixing block is located at the lower end of the center of gravity of the UAV body, the motor is located at the rear end of the first fixing block, the second fixing block, the second slot and the lens are located at the front end of the first fixing block, and the motor, the second fixing block, the second slot and the lens form a balance.

[0010] It is worth noting that by placing the first fixed block at the lower end of the drone's center of gravity, and with the motor, the second fixed block, and the lens located at the front and rear ends of the first fixed block respectively to form a balance, the weight of the entire lens switching component can be evenly distributed around the drone's center of gravity. This avoids the drone's center of gravity shifting due to uneven component weight, reduces flight drag, and improves flight endurance and maneuverability.

[0011] Preferably, multiple lenses are flush with the lenses of the drone's main lens, with one side of each lens being attached to the lens of the drone's main lens. The multiple lenses are respectively a high-definition flat lens, a telephoto magnifying lens, an infrared filter, a polarizing filter, and a narrowband filter.

[0012] It is worth noting that multiple lenses are flush with and fitted to the drone's lens, which reduces the gaps between the lenses and prevents light from refracting and reflecting in the gaps, thus avoiding image distortion. This ensures that the inspection image remains clear and accurate after switching between different lenses, improving the quality of image acquisition and providing reliable image evidence for the identification of illegal construction.

[0013] Preferably, both the connecting plate and the fixing plate have screw holes at their upper ends, and the connecting plate and the fixing plate are connected by bolts.

[0014] It is worth noting that the connecting plate and the fixing plate are connected by screw holes and bolts. The connection method is simple and reliable, which facilitates the disassembly, maintenance or replacement of the alarm device in the later stage. At the same time, the bolt connection can adjust the relative position of the fixing plate and the connecting plate according to actual needs, which enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the alarm device installation.

[0015] Preferably, the alarm device is located at the top of the center of gravity of the drone body.

[0016] It is worth noting that: by installing the alarm device at the top of the drone's center of gravity, it forms a vertical weight balance with the lower lens switching component, further optimizing the overall center of gravity distribution of the drone and avoiding the drone from tilting due to excessive weight of a component in one direction, thus ensuring the stability of the drone when hovering, flying, and performing alarm tasks.

[0017] Preferably, the latch and the locking tongue cooperate with each other, and the connecting rope is an elastic rope.

[0018] It is worth noting that the latch and locking tongue work together to quickly fix or remove the speaker, making operation convenient; the elastic cord design provides a certain pre-tightening force during speaker installation, making the speaker fit more tightly against the limiting post and the inner wall of the third slot. At the same time, the elastic cord can buffer the vibration of the speaker when the drone is flying turbulently, protecting the speaker from damage.

[0019] Preferably, a speaker is slidably installed on the inner wall of the third slot, with the ends of the two limiting posts close to each other fitting against the side wall of the speaker, and the lower end of the connecting rope fitting against the upper end of the speaker.

[0020] It is worth noting that the speaker is slidably installed in the third slot, which facilitates quick installation and removal of the speaker; the two side limit posts fit against the side wall of the speaker, which can restrict the displacement of the speaker from the side and prevent the speaker from swaying from side to side during the flight of the drone. Combined with the longitudinal limit of the connecting rope, it ensures the stability of the speaker installation in all aspects, ensures the normal output of the alarm sound, and plays a warning role.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] 1. This utility model uses a motor to drive the transmission shaft and the second fixed block to rotate, enabling rapid switching between various types of lenses such as high-definition flat lenses, telephoto magnifying lenses, and infrared filters. It can adapt to various inspection needs such as large-scale inspection, detailed detection, and nighttime monitoring without frequent equipment changes, significantly improving work efficiency.

[0023] 2. By installing a limiting block, the speaker is placed inside the third slot. If illegal construction is detected, the speaker can immediately warn the illegal personnel, preventing them from continuing construction and increasing damage. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the first fixing block of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the transmission shaft of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a first cross-sectional schematic diagram of the alarm device of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a second cross-sectional view of the alarm device of this utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. UAV body; 2. First fixing block; 3. First slot; 4. Motor; 5. Drive shaft; 6. Second fixing block; 7. Second slot; 8. Lens; 9. Alarm device; 91. Connecting plate; 92. Fixing plate; 93. Limiting block; 94. Third slot; 95. Limiting post; 96. Lock; 97. Connecting rope; 98. Locking tongue. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] As a key component of infrastructure such as transportation and water conservancy, tunnels are directly affected by construction activities around their surface, impacting their structural safety and operational stability. Illegal excavation, unauthorized loading, and unreported pipeline construction can easily lead to surface subsidence, surrounding rock instability, and even safety accidents such as tunnel lining cracking and water leakage, threatening traffic safety and the project's lifespan. A drone device for inspecting illegal construction activities on the tunnel surface is a specialized piece of equipment designed to address the pain points of traditional manual inspections, such as low efficiency, limited coverage, and difficulty in reaching dangerous areas. It plays a crucial role in the tunnel operation and maintenance safety system—it can not only achieve high-frequency, all-round monitoring along the tunnel surface but also preserve evidence of illegal construction through technical means, providing data support for law enforcement and supervision, thus becoming an "aerial sentinel" ensuring the safety of tunnel infrastructure.

[0032] From a historical perspective, tunnel surface inspection initially relied on manual foot patrols and vehicle inspections. Workers had to carry rangefinders, cameras, and other tools to inspect along the tunnel surface, which was not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also posed blind spots and safety risks in complex terrains such as mountainous areas and river-crossing tunnels. With the rise of drone technology, early general-purpose drones were used for surface inspection, but their limited functionality—only capable of image capture—prevented the identification of illegal features such as construction machinery and excavation marks. Furthermore, data required manual post-processing, resulting in low efficiency. Subsequently, the industry gradually explored specialized modifications. First, high-definition gimbal cameras and GPS positioning modules were integrated to achieve precise matching of inspection locations and images. Then, multispectral sensors were added to identify hidden construction traces such as soil disturbance and vegetation damage. Today, tunnel surface illegal construction inspection drone devices have evolved into specialized equipment integrating "flight control, multi-source sensing, intelligent identification, and data transmission." They can automatically plan inspection routes, identify illegal construction activities in real time, and simultaneously upload data, completing the transformation from "general-purpose tools" to "specialized equipment."

[0033] In terms of function and design, the device focuses on "precise inspection, intelligent identification, and efficient linkage," employing a modular structural design. The flight platform is a multi-rotor aircraft with vertical takeoff and landing capabilities, adapting to the narrow spaces and complex airflow environments that may exist along the tunnel surface. The fuselage uses lightweight composite materials, balancing endurance and wind resistance, with a single flight time of 40-60 minutes, meeting the single-trip inspection needs of tunnels 10-15 kilometers long. The perception system is the core component, integrating a 4K high-definition zoom camera, a thermal imager, and a laser rangefinder: the high-definition camera can capture details such as construction machinery models and personnel activities; the thermal imager can identify construction equipment with engine cooling at night or in vegetation-covered environments; and the laser rangefinder can measure key parameters such as excavation depth and load height. The intelligent processing module is equipped with a customized AI algorithm. By training a dataset of illegal features such as "construction machinery (excavators, road rollers, etc.), excavation marks, and temporary facilities," it can identify illegal construction activities in real time with an accuracy rate of over 90%. It also automatically marks the GPS location and shooting time, generating an inspection report. The data transmission module supports dual-mode communication with 4G / 5G and satellite, ensuring that data can be uploaded to the backend monitoring platform in real time even in remote mountainous areas, realizing a closed loop of "discovery-reporting-handling".

[0034] Its applications cover a wide range of tunnel operation and maintenance scenarios. In highway and railway tunnels, inspection routes can be set along sensitive areas such as tunnel entrances and exits and shallow buried sections to focus on investigating illegal quarrying, unauthorized temporary sheds, and other activities to prevent surface disturbance from affecting the tunnel foundation. In urban subway tunnels, high-frequency inspections can be conducted to check for unreported deep foundation pit excavation and pipeline jacking construction, preventing soil subsidence around the tunnel due to construction dewatering. In water conservancy tunnels, it can monitor for illegal soil extraction and river reclamation to prevent surface soil erosion from causing tunnel lining leakage. In addition, in emergency scenarios, such as after rainstorms or earthquakes, the device can quickly scan the entire tunnel surface to identify potential safety hazards caused by illegal construction induced by the disaster, assisting in the development of emergency response plans.

[0035] In practical terms, the device significantly improves the efficiency and regulatory capabilities of tunnel surface inspections. Compared to traditional manual inspections, its efficiency is increased by 5-8 times. A 10-kilometer tunnel surface inspection that previously required 3-5 people per day can now be completed in 1-2 hours with just one person operating a drone, eliminating the risks associated with inspections in dangerous areas such as steep slopes and cliffs. With its intelligent identification function, the timeframe for detecting illegal construction has been shortened from the traditional "days or even weeks" to "real-time." In one city, the device identified an unreported nighttime pipe jacking operation in a subway tunnel within 20 minutes, preventing tunnel subsidence risks. From a regulatory perspective, the device generates image and video evidence with location and timestamps, solving the problems of "difficulty in securing evidence of violations and tracing responsibility" in traditional inspections. In one region, after using the device, the incidence of illegal construction cases on the tunnel surface decreased by 65%, and the handling cycle for violations was shortened to 1-2 days. Meanwhile, the modular design of the device reduces maintenance costs, each component can be replaced individually, and the identification types can be expanded by upgrading the AI ​​algorithm in the future to adapt to the ever-changing illegal construction methods. It has long-term application value and promotion potential, and provides reliable technical support for the safe operation and maintenance of tunnel infrastructure.

[0036] To address the limitations of existing drone-based flight inspection technologies, such as the limitation of single monitoring functions, inability to adapt to diverse environmental changes leading to incomplete detection, failure to immediately warn of illegal construction, and increased potential damage, the following technical solution is proposed. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-5 ;

[0037] A drone device for inspecting illegal surface construction in tunnels includes a drone body 1. A first fixing block 2 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drone body 1. A first slot 3 is formed on one side of the first fixing block 2 near a lens. A motor 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first slot 3. A drive shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 4. A second fixing block 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the drive shaft 5. Multiple second slots 7 are formed circumferentially on one side of the second fixing block 6. Lenses 8 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of each of the multiple second slots 7. A [missing information - likely a device name] is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drone body 1. The alarm device 9 has a first fixing block 2 located at the lower end of the center of gravity of the drone body 1, a motor 4 located at the rear end of the first fixing block 2, a second fixing block 6, a second slot 7 and a lens 8 located at the front end of the first fixing block 2, the motor 4 and the second fixing block 6, the second slot 7 and the lens 8 forming a balance, multiple lenses 8 are flush with the lens of the drone body 1, one side of the lens 8 is in contact with the lens of the drone body 1, and the multiple lenses 8 are respectively a high-definition flat lens, a telephoto magnifying lens, an infrared filter, a polarizing filter and a narrowband filter.

[0038] The alarm device 9 includes a connecting plate 91, a fixing plate 92, a limiting block 93, a third slot 94, a limiting post 95, a latch 96, and a connecting rope 97. The upper end of the drone body 1 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 91. The fixing plate 92 is slidably mounted on the upper end of the connecting plate 91. The upper end of the fixing plate 92 is fixedly connected to the limiting block 93. The upper end of the limiting block 93 has a third slot 94. Two limiting posts 95 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the third slot 94. The two limiting posts 95 on both sides of the inner wall of the third slot 94 correspond to each other. A latch 96 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting post 95 on the same side, and a connecting rope 97 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting post 95 on the other side. One end of the rope 97 is fixed to a locking tongue 98. The upper ends of the connecting plate 91 and the fixing plate 92 are both provided with screw holes. The connecting plate 91 and the fixing plate 92 are connected by bolts. The alarm device 9 is located above the center of gravity of the drone body 1. The upper ends of the connecting plate 91 and the fixing plate 92 are both provided with screw holes. The connecting plate 91 and the fixing plate 92 are connected by bolts. The latch 96 and the locking tongue 98 cooperate with each other. The connecting rope 97 is an elastic rope. A speaker is slidably installed on the inner wall of the third slot 94. The ends of the two limit posts 95 that are close to each other are attached to the side wall of the speaker. The lower end of the connecting rope 97 is attached to the upper end of the speaker.

[0039] Working Principle: In the inspection of illegal construction on the tunnel surface, the UAV body 1 serves as the core execution carrier. Its lower and upper functional components work together to complete the monitoring and warning tasks. Before takeoff, the UAV body 1 can determine the initial lens type 8 according to the inspection scenario requirements. At this time, the first fixing block 2 is located at the lower end of the center of gravity of the UAV body 1, and the motor 4 is located at the rear end of the first fixing block 2, while the second fixing block 6 and the lens 8 are located at the front end. The two form a weight balance, ensuring that the lens 8 switching component will not disrupt the initial flight attitude of the UAV body 1. After startup, the motor 4 receives ground control commands or preset program signals and drives the second fixing block 6 to rotate through the transmission shaft 5. When the target in the second slot 7... When lens 8 rotates to the position corresponding to the lens of the drone body 1, motor 4 stops running. Since each lens 8 is flush with and fits the lens 8 of the drone body 1, light can directly pass through the target lens 8 and enter the lens, avoiding image distortion caused by gaps. Among them, the high-definition flat lens is used to inspect the ground surface for signs of illegal construction over a wide area, the telephoto magnifying lens can focus on distant details to confirm the model of construction equipment or the width of cracks, the infrared filter is suitable for detecting hidden construction at night or in the shadow area of ​​tunnel entrance, the polarizing filter eliminates water surface and metal reflection to clearly present the texture of the construction area, and the narrow band filter enhances the contrast between vegetation and bare soil to identify vegetation areas damaged by construction, meeting the image acquisition needs of different inspection stages.

[0040] When the drone body 1 identifies illegal construction activities through images captured by its lens, the alarm device 9 at the top activates. In the alarm device 9, the connecting plate 91 is fixedly connected to the drone body 1, and the fixing plate 92 can slide along the connecting plate 91. After adjusting its position according to installation requirements, it is fixed by the screw holes and bolts at the top of both, ensuring that the alarm device 9 is adaptable to drone bodies 1 of different sizes or installation scenarios. The third slot 94 on the limiting block 93 provides installation space for the speaker. After the speaker is slidably inserted into the third slot 94, the limiting posts 95 on both sides, due to their contact with the side walls of the speaker, restrict the speaker's displacement laterally, preventing the speaker from swaying left and right during drone body 1 flight. Simultaneously, the locking tongue 98 at one end of the connecting rope 97 is engaged with the locking buckle 96 on the other limiting post 95. The connecting rope 97 acts as an elastic rope, with its lower end contacting the upper end of the speaker, thus allowing for... The pre-tightening force provided by the elasticity ensures a tighter fit between the speaker and the inner wall of the third slot 94 and the limiting post 95. It also buffers vibrations when the UAV body 1 is flying turbulently, protecting the speaker from damage. Subsequently, the speaker is activated and emits an alarm sound, deterring illegal construction personnel. If the position of the alarm device 9 needs to be adjusted or the speaker needs to be repaired, the bolts can be loosened to slide the fixing plate 92 to change its position, or the lock 96 can be released to slide the speaker out of the third slot 94. The operation is convenient. During the entire inspection process, the alarm device 9, located at the upper part of the center of gravity of the UAV body 1, forms a vertical weight balance with the lower lens 8 switching component, further optimizing the overall center of gravity distribution of the UAV body 1. This avoids the body tilting due to excessive weight of a component in one direction, ensuring the stability of the UAV body 1 during hovering, flight, and alarm operation, and continuously and efficiently completing the inspection task of illegal construction on the tunnel surface.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drone device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels, comprising a drone body (1), characterized in that, The lower end of the drone body (1) is fixed with a first fixing block (2). The first fixing block (2) is located on one side of the lens and has a first slot (3). The inner wall of the first slot (3) is fixed with a motor (4). The output end of the motor (4) is fixed with a drive shaft (5). The side of the drive shaft (5) is fixed with a second fixing block (6). The side of the second fixing block (6) has multiple second slots (7) through it in the circumferential direction. The inner wall of the multiple second slots (7) is fixed with a lens (8). The upper end of the drone body (1) is fixed with an alarm device (9).

2. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm device (9) includes a connecting plate (91), a fixing plate (92), a limiting block (93), a third slot (94), a limiting post (95), a latch (96), and a connecting rope (97). The upper end of the UAV body (1) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (91), the upper end of the connecting plate (91) is slidably installed with the fixing plate (92), the upper end of the fixing plate (92) is fixedly connected to the limiting block (93), the upper end of the limiting block (93) is provided with a third slot (94), two limiting posts (95) are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the third slot (94), the two limiting posts (95) on both sides of the inner wall of the third slot (94) correspond to each other, the upper end of the limiting post (95) on the same side is fixedly connected to the latch (96), the upper end of the limiting post (95) on the other side is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rope (97), and the other end of the connecting rope (97) is fixedly connected to the locking tongue (98).

3. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fixing block (2) is located at the lower end of the center of gravity of the UAV body (1), the motor (4) is located at the rear end of the first fixing block (2), the second fixing block (6), the second slot (7) and the lens (8) are located at the front end of the first fixing block (2), and the motor (4) is balanced with the second fixing block (6), the second slot (7) and the lens (8).

4. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple lenses (8) are flush with the lens of the drone body (1), and one side of the lens (8) is attached to the lens of the drone body (1). The multiple lenses (8) are respectively a high-definition flat lens, a telephoto magnifying lens, an infrared filter, a polarizing filter and a narrow-band filter.

5. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the connecting plate (91) and the fixing plate (92) have screw holes at their upper ends, and the connecting plate (91) and the fixing plate (92) are connected by bolts.

6. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The alarm device (9) is located at the top of the center of gravity of the UAV body (1).

7. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The latch (96) and the locking tongue (98) work together, and the connecting rope (97) is an elastic rope.

8. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) device for inspecting illegal construction on the surface of tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third slot (94) has a speaker installed on its inner wall. The ends of the two limiting posts (95) that are close to each other are attached to the side wall of the speaker, and the lower end of the connecting rope (97) is attached to the upper end of the speaker.

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