A kind of integrated anti-blocking coal bunker coal drop device suitable for CFB boiler

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of coal bunker anti-clogging, and more specifically, to an integrated anti-clogging coal hopper device for CFB boilers. It includes a hyperbolic transition coal hopper, an oblong coal chute, an oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate valve, an oblong feeder inlet section, a feeder, an external long-winged loosening machine, a controller, a pressure sensor, and a vibration sensor. The hyperbolic transition coal hopper has a top-to-bottom connected structure and is installed at the bottom of the steel silo of the coal bunker. The oblong coal chute is located below the hyperbolic transition coal hopper, and the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate valve is located directly below the oblong coal chute. This device is designed to balance wear resistance, anti-clogging, and ease of maintenance, significantly extending the equipment's service life and reducing overall operation and maintenance costs. It is suitable for CFB boiler coal feeding systems using high-humidity, high-viscosity coal. This utility model is mainly applied to integrated anti-clogging coal hopper devices for coal bunkers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal bunker anti-clogging, and more specifically, to an integrated coal hopper device for anti-clogging coal bunkers suitable for CFB boilers. Background Technology

[0002] Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, as a highly efficient and clean combustion technology, have significant advantages in burning low-quality fuels such as washed middlings and coal slime. However, these fuels generally have high moisture content and high viscosity, and their physical properties pose a severe challenge to the design of coal conveying systems. The raw coal bunker and coal hopper, as key equipment connecting the coal yard and boiler, directly determine the continuity and stability of coal feeding due to their structural rationality. Currently, large CFB units mostly use steel silo structures for their raw coal bunkers, often lined with wear-resistant stainless steel plates to cope with the erosion and wear of coal particles. However, in dealing with the adhesion and blockage of sticky coal, the material advantages alone are still insufficient.

[0003] Existing raw coal bunker unloading systems suffer from several structural defects, with the core problem being frequent coal blockages caused by an unreasonable design of the coal flow channel. Specifically: First, the transition section from the coal bunker to the coal hopper has an uneven profile with abrupt curvature changes, increasing frictional resistance and worsening flowability as the raw coal descends. Second, the widely used hyperbolic coal hopper has an excessively large cross-sectional contraction rate, making it prone to forming stable material arches under gravity compaction. Third, square-section coal hoppers inherently have geometric dead angles, making them highly susceptible to particle accumulation. Finally, traditional electric gate valves often have internal support structures that further obstruct coal flow and become the starting point for blockages.

[0004] These structural defects have led to serious operational problems: coal blockage causes the coal feeder to stop supplying coal, forcing the unit to operate at reduced load and threatening the stability of the power grid; maintenance personnel need to perform intensive manual unblocking, sometimes even requiring 24-hour duty, which greatly increases labor costs and safety risks; coal bridging extends to the silo entrance, resulting in reduced coal storage and frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the coal conveying system, significantly increasing equipment wear and plant power consumption. Although existing solutions attempt to alleviate blockage by adding built-in loosening machines, they often only treat the symptoms, failing to fundamentally optimize the mechanical environment of the coal flow from the perspective of the flow channel structure, and their drive mechanisms are unreliable and inconvenient to maintain. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides an integrated anti-clogging raw coal hopper device suitable for CFB boilers. This device is not limited to partial improvements or replacement of single equipment, but is comprehensively designed from the perspective of overall flow channel optimization, key equipment innovation, and preventative unblocking. It achieves an integrated flow mode for raw coal transportation within the hopper, ultimately ensuring continuous, stable, and efficient boiler coal feeding, while significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs and safety risks. It improves work efficiency and quality, and can well adapt to the requirements of modern, high-efficiency coal circulation.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: An integrated anti-clogging raw coal hopper device suitable for CFB boilers includes a hyperbolic transition coal hopper, an oblong coal chute, an oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate, an oblong feeder inlet section, a feeder, an external long-winged loosening machine, a controller, a pressure sensor, and a vibration sensor. The hyperbolic transition coal hopper is a top-to-bottom connected structure installed at the bottom of the raw coal bunker's steel silo. The oblong coal chute is located below the hyperbolic transition coal hopper, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate is located directly below the oblong coal chute, and the oblong feeder inlet section is located below the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate. The lower end of the inlet short section of the elongated coal feeder is vertically inserted into the interior of the coal feeder. The external long-winged loosening machine includes a drive cylinder and a wing. The drive cylinder is installed outside the hyperbolic transition coal hopper. The wing passes through the outer wall of the hyperbolic transition coal hopper and extends into the inlet area of ​​the elongated bidirectional hydraulic gate. The control output terminal of the controller is electrically connected to the drive cylinder. The pressure sensor is attached to the wall of the elongated coal chute. The vibration sensor is set on the outer wall of the elongated coal chute. The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor and the vibration sensor are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller.

[0007] The elongated coal chute includes an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner, an activated liner module, and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer. The activated liner module is spaced apart on one side of the UHMWPE liner, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is located on the back of the activated liner module. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer is electrically connected to the control output terminal of the controller.

[0008] The oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate includes a hydraulic drive mechanism, a gate main cylinder, a gate plate, a wear-resistant metal scraper, a flexible sealing lip, a material collection trough, and a discharge port. The hydraulic drive mechanism is installed on the outside of the gate main cylinder, the gate plate is located inside the gate main cylinder, the wear-resistant metal scraper is located at the movable end of the gate plate, the flexible sealing lip is located at the end of the wear-resistant metal scraper, a material collection trough is provided at the bottom of the gate main cylinder, and a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the material collection trough.

[0009] The oblong coal chute, oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate, and oblong coal feeder inlet short section all have the same oblong cross-section.

[0010] The inner wall of the inlet short section of the elongated coal feeder is lined with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel plate.

[0011] The wing rod is connected to the drive cylinder by a flange, and a sealing structure is provided at the penetration point of the wing rod through the coal hopper wall.

[0012] Multiple pressure sensors are provided, and the multiple pressure sensors are distributed along the axial direction of the elongated coal chute.

[0013] The oblong coal chute, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3), and the oblong coal feeder inlet section (4) are connected in sequence by flanges.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This device, through a combination of systematic structural optimization and intelligent control, significantly improves the continuity and reliability of raw coal transportation. Its integrated design of a hyperbolic transition coal hopper and an elongated oval coal chute effectively optimizes the coal flow path, greatly reducing the frictional resistance between coal particles and the wall surface, and avoiding coal accumulation and bridging phenomena caused by traditional square cross-sections. The consistent elongated oval flow cross-section structure ensures the smoothness and stability of the coal flow throughout the entire descent process, fundamentally reducing the probability of coal blockage.

[0015] The elongated oval bidirectional hydraulic gate is hydraulically driven, with a compact structure and excellent sealing performance. Its internal wear-resistant scraper, combined with a flexible sealing lip, ensures reliable shut-off while avoiding the jamming problems caused by structural interference in traditional electric gates. The externally mounted long-winged loosening machine, deployed in areas prone to coal blockage, can be intelligently activated via a controller in the early stages of blockage, disrupting the coal arch to form support points and achieving preventative unblocking, significantly reducing the frequency of manual intervention and maintenance intensity.

[0016] Furthermore, by deploying pressure and vibration sensors at multiple key locations and integrating them with a controller for real-time monitoring and intelligent linkage, the system possesses early coal blockage identification and automatic handling capabilities, further enhancing its operational intelligence and reliability. The overall structural design balances wear resistance, blockage prevention, and ease of maintenance, significantly extending equipment lifespan and reducing overall operation and maintenance costs. It is suitable for CFB boiler coal feeding systems using high-humidity, high-viscosity coal and has broad engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the present utility model; Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elongated oval coal chute structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elongated oval bidirectional hydraulic gate structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inlet short section structure of the elongated oval coal feeder of this utility model; In the diagram: 1 is a hyperbolic transition coal hopper, 2 is an oblong coal drop pipe, 201 is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner, 202 is an activated liner module, 203 is a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, 3 is an oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate, 301 is a hydraulic drive mechanism, 302 is the gate main cylinder, 303 is a gate plate, 304 is a wear-resistant metal scraper, 305 is a flexible sealing lip, 306 is a collection trough, 307 is a discharge port, 4 is an oblong coal feeder inlet section, 401 is a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel liner, 5 is a coal feeder, 6 is an external long-winged loosening machine, 601 is a drive cylinder, 602 is a wing, 7 is a controller, 8 is a pressure sensor, and 9 is a vibration sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, an integrated anti-clogging raw coal hopper device suitable for CFB boilers includes a hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1, an oblong coal hopper pipe 2, an oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3, an oblong coal feeder inlet section 4, a coal feeder 5, an external long-winged loosening machine 6, a controller 7, a pressure sensor 8, and a vibration sensor 9. The hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1 has a top-to-bottom connected structure and is installed at the bottom of the raw coal bunker steel silo. The oblong coal hopper pipe 2 is located below the hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1. The oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3 is located directly below the oblong coal hopper pipe 2. The oblong coal feeder inlet section 4 is located below the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3. The lower end of the oblong coal feeder inlet section 4 is vertically... Inserted inside the coal feeder 5, the externally mounted long-winged loosening machine 6 includes a drive cylinder 601 and a wing 602. The drive cylinder 601 is installed outside the hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1, and the wing 602 passes through the outer wall of the hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1 and extends into the inlet area of ​​the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3. The control output terminal of the controller 7 is electrically connected to the drive cylinder 601. The pressure sensor 8 is attached to the wall of the oblong coal chute 2, and the vibration sensor 9 is located on the outer wall of the oblong coal chute 2. The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor 8 and the vibration sensor 9 are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 7. The hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1 is connected to the bottom of the raw coal silo steel bin by welding to ensure structural continuity and sealing. The oblong coal chute 2, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3, and the oblong coal feeder inlet section 4 are connected from top to bottom by flanges. The drive cylinder 601 is fixed to the reinforcing rib plate on the platform or the outer wall of the coal hopper via a base. The opening where the wing rod 602 passes through the hopper wall is dynamically sealed with a stuffing box to prevent coal dust from escaping and allow the wing rod to reciprocate. The signal cables of the pressure sensor 8 and the vibration sensor 9 are protected by conduits and connected to the corresponding interfaces of the controller 7.

[0021] Preferably, the oblong coal chute 2 includes an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner 201, an activated liner module 202, and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 203. The activated liner modules 202 are spaced apart on one side of the UHMWPE liner 201, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 203 is located on the back of the activated liner module 202. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 203 is electrically connected to the control output terminal of the controller 7. The UHMWPE liner 201 is first fully fixed to the inner wall of the oblong coal chute 2 using countersunk bolts. The activated liner module 202 is pre-assembled, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 203 is fixed to the back of the module using high-temperature adhesive or mechanical clamps. Its power supply and control cables are led out from the reserved holes in the liner and connected to the corresponding output terminal of the controller 7. During routine maintenance, the activated liner module 202 can be removed separately for inspection or replacement without affecting other liners.

[0022] Preferably, the elongated oval bidirectional hydraulic gate 3 includes a hydraulic drive mechanism 301, a gate main cylinder 302, a gate plate 303, a wear-resistant metal scraper 304, a flexible sealing lip 305, a collection trough 306, and a discharge port 307. The hydraulic drive mechanism 301 is installed on the outside of the gate main cylinder 302, the gate plate 303 is disposed inside the gate main cylinder 302, the wear-resistant metal scraper 304 is disposed at the movable end of the gate plate 303, the flexible sealing lip 305 is located at the end of the wear-resistant metal scraper 304, and a collection trough 306 is provided at the bottom of the gate main cylinder 302. The bottom of the trough 306 is provided with a discharge port 307. The hydraulic drive mechanism 301 is fixed to the outside of the gate main cylinder 302 by a bracket. Its cylinder piston rod is connected to the gate plate 303 through a coupling. The gate plate is driven to move linearly on the guide rail inside the gate main cylinder 302. When the gate is closed, the wear-resistant metal scraper 304 on the edge of the gate plate 303 first scrapes off the coal particles attached to the cylinder wall. Then the flexible sealing lip 305 presses the contact surface to form a seal. The scraped coal powder falls into the bottom collection trough 306, which can be cleaned by periodically opening the cover of the discharge port 307.

[0023] Preferably, the flow sections of the elongated oval coal chute 2, the elongated oval bidirectional hydraulic gate 3, and the elongated oval coal feeder inlet section 4 are all elongated oval. During manufacturing and installation, it is necessary to ensure that the flange interfaces of the three are aligned and that the elongated oval sealing grooves on the flange surfaces are continuously aligned.

[0024] Preferably, the inner wall of the inlet section 4 of the elongated coal feeder is provided with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel liner 401. The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel liner 401 is fixed to the inner wall of the inlet section 4 of the elongated coal feeder by plug welding. The butt weld of the liner is ground flat and the inner surface is polished to further reduce frictional resistance and prevent coal from sticking.

[0025] Preferably, the wing rod 602 and the drive cylinder 601 are connected by a flange. A sealing structure is provided at the penetration point of the wing rod 602 through the coal hopper wall. A flange is machined at one end of the wing rod 602 and is connected to the mating flange at the piston rod end of the drive cylinder 601 by high-strength bolts, which facilitates disassembly and replacement.

[0026] Preferably, multiple pressure sensors 8 are provided, and the multiple pressure sensors 8 are distributed along the axial direction of the elongated coal chute 2. The multiple pressure sensors 8 are arranged alternately up and down along the axial direction of the coal chute 2, and are respectively installed at the outlet, middle and other positions where material blockage is likely to occur.

[0027] Preferably, the oblong coal chute 2, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3, and the oblong coal feeder inlet section 4 are connected sequentially by flanges to ensure that the outlet flange of the oblong coal chute 2 is leveled. Then, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3 is hoisted so that its inlet flange is aligned with it. After adding a sealing gasket, bolts are inserted and tightened in a diagonal sequence. Finally, its outlet flange is connected to the inlet flange of the oblong coal feeder inlet section 4 in the same way to ensure the verticality and coaxiality of the entire connection.

[0028] The operator first conducts a comprehensive inspection before startup to confirm that there is no coal accumulation or mechanical jamming at the hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1, the oblong coal drop pipe 2, the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3, and all connecting flanges. At the same time, the operator checks the oil level and sealing status of the drive cylinder 601 of the external long wing loosening machine 6 to ensure that the controller 7 is powered normally and that the signals from all sensors are transmitted smoothly.

[0029] When the system starts, the operator issues a command through the control platform. The controller 7 first drives the hydraulic drive mechanism 301 to open the gate 303, establishing a coal flow channel, and then starts the coal feeder 5. Under the action of gravity, the raw coal flows smoothly into the oblong coal drop pipe 2 through the hyperbolic transition coal hopper 1. Thanks to the consistent design of its overall oblong flow section, the coal flow can stably pass through the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate 3 and the oblong coal feeder inlet section 4, and finally enter the coal feeder 5.

[0030] During normal operation, pressure sensors 8 and vibration sensors 9, installed on the coal chute wall, continuously monitor the coal flow status and transmit the data to controller 7 in real time. Once the monitoring data shows an abnormal trend, controller 7 can automatically activate the preventive unblocking program, controlling the wing 602 to extend into the high-incidence area of ​​coal blockage to swing and disturb, breaking potential material arches; if coal blockage is determined to have occurred, controller 7 will immediately activate the emergency unblocking mode, simultaneously starting the loosening machine and the high-frequency vibrating piezoelectric ceramic transducer 203 to work together to clear the blockage, and issuing an alarm signal to alert the operator.

[0031] When maintenance or isolation is required, operators can remotely close the elongated, bidirectional hydraulic gate 3. Its wear-resistant metal scraper 304 and flexible sealing lip 305 effectively scrape off adhering coal and ensure a seal. The collected coal dust is cleaned through the bottom collection trough 306 and discharge port 307. The entire modular design and external drive scheme allow major maintenance operations to be performed outside the equipment, significantly improving maintenance safety and work efficiency.

[0032] The above description only details the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model, and all such changes should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers, characterized in that: The system includes a hyperbolic transition coal hopper (1), an oblong coal drop pipe (2), an oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3), an oblong coal feeder inlet section (4), a coal feeder (5), an external long-winged loosening machine (6), a controller (7), a pressure sensor (8), and a vibration sensor (9). The hyperbolic transition coal hopper (1) is a top-to-bottom connected structure and is installed at the bottom of the raw coal bunker steel silo. The oblong coal drop pipe (2) is located below the hyperbolic transition coal hopper (1). The oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3) is located directly below the oblong coal drop pipe (2). The oblong coal feeder inlet section (4) is located below the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3). The lower end of the oblong coal feeder inlet section (4) is vertical. Inserted inside the coal feeder (5), the external long-wing loosening machine (6) includes a drive cylinder (601) and a wing (602). The drive cylinder (601) is installed outside the hyperbolic transition coal hopper (1). The wing (602) passes through the outer wall of the hyperbolic transition coal hopper (1) and extends into the inlet area of ​​the elongated bidirectional hydraulic gate (3). The control output terminal of the controller (7) is electrically connected to the drive cylinder (601). The pressure sensor (8) is attached to the wall of the elongated coal drop pipe (2). The vibration sensor (9) is set on the outer wall of the elongated coal drop pipe (2). The signal output terminals of the pressure sensor (8) and the vibration sensor (9) are electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller (7).

2. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elongated coal chute (2) includes an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner (201), an activated liner module (202), and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (203). The activated liner module (202) is spaced apart on one side of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner (201). The piezoelectric ceramic transducer (203) is provided on the back of the activated liner module (202). The piezoelectric ceramic transducer (203) is electrically connected to the control output terminal of the controller (7).

3. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal hopper device for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3) includes a hydraulic drive mechanism (301), a gate main cylinder (302), a gate plate (303), a wear-resistant metal scraper (304), a flexible sealing lip (305), a material collection trough (306), and a discharge port (307). The hydraulic drive mechanism (301) is installed on the outside of the gate main cylinder (302). The gate plate (303) is located inside the gate main cylinder (302). The wear-resistant metal scraper (304) is located at the movable end of the gate plate (303). The flexible sealing lip (305) is located at the end of the wear-resistant metal scraper (304). A material collection trough (306) is provided at the bottom of the gate main cylinder (302), and a discharge port (307) is provided at the bottom of the material collection trough (306).

4. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oblong coal chute (2), the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3), and the oblong coal feeder inlet section (4) all have the same oblong cross-section.

5. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inlet short section (4) of the elongated coal feeder is provided with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel lining plate (401).

6. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wing rod (602) and the drive cylinder (601) are connected by a flange, and a sealing structure is provided at the penetration point of the wing rod (602) through the coal hopper wall.

7. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple pressure sensors (8) are provided, and the multiple pressure sensors (8) are distributed along the axial direction of the elongated coal chute (2).

8. The integrated anti-clogging raw coal bunker hopper device suitable for CFB boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oblong coal chute (2), the oblong bidirectional hydraulic gate (3), and the oblong coal feeder inlet section (4) are connected in sequence by flanges.

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