A ramming device for dam foundation treatment

Abstract

This utility model relates to a compaction device for dam foundation treatment in the field of engineering machinery, comprising a lifting machine, a lifting arm, a compaction hammer, a weight-adding head, a groove, a clamping part, a compaction head, an exhaust hole, a lifting clamp, a friction layer, a lifting ring, and bolts. The exhaust hole on the surface of the compaction hammer effectively reduces air resistance, allowing the hammer to fall smoothly to the location requiring compaction. This prevents positional deviation of the hammer due to air resistance. After the hammer hits the ground, the exhaust hole on the compaction head expels air from the bottom, ensuring smooth contact with the ground for effective compaction. Furthermore, different weights of compaction hammers can be selected based on the soil compaction conditions at the construction site. The detachable weight-adding head allows for adjustments to the hammer weight in real-time to accommodate different soil conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engineering machinery, specifically to a compaction device for dam foundation treatment. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic compactors can operate in two ways: free-fall and forced-fall. Free-fall (single-acting): The hydraulic cylinder lifts the hammer to a set height and then releases it, allowing the hammer to fall freely. Upon landing, the hammer strikes the assembly between the hammer and the compactor plate via the hammer pad, driving the compactor plate to compact the ground. Forced-fall (double-acting): The hydraulic cylinder lifts the hammer to a set height and then rapidly reverses the force, causing the hammer to accelerate downwards under the combined action of gravity and the hydraulic cylinder's thrust. Upon landing, the hammer strikes the assembly between the hammer and the compactor plate via the hammer pad, driving the compactor plate to compact the ground.

[0003] Currently, hydraulic compactors can effectively drive the compaction hammer to fall, thus achieving the compaction effect. However, the compaction hammer is damaged with each impact, and relying solely on the stress generated by the free fall of the hammer to compact the ground requires multiple compaction passes. Furthermore, most existing compaction hammers are poorly designed, failing to adequately consider issues such as hammer clamping and weight-addition, which can easily lead to poor compaction results. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a compaction device for dam foundation treatment to address the problems mentioned in the background section. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above defects and provide a compaction device for dam foundation treatment, which solves the technical problems of non-standard design of the compaction hammer and insufficient weight of the compaction hammer in the prior art, resulting in poor compaction effect.

[0005] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following means:

[0006] A compaction device for dam foundation treatment includes a lifting machine and a compaction hammer. The lifting machine is equipped with a lifting arm, and a lifting clamp is provided at the end of the lifting arm. The compaction hammer includes a compaction head and a weight-adding head. The compaction head has a vertically formed vent hole, which facilitates the rapid discharge of air from the pit when the compaction hammer hits the ground and reduces the suction force at the bottom of the pit when the hammer is lifted. The top of the weight-adding head has a groove, and a clamping part is installed horizontally in the groove. Bolts are connected to the periphery of the weight-adding head.

[0007] Furthermore, the weight-adding head is connected to the compaction head by bolts, the compaction head is composed of a disc-shaped mechanism with a gradually decreasing area, and the compaction hammer is made of steel.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamping end surface of the lifting clamp is provided with a friction layer, which is made of rubber, and a lifting ring is connected to the end of the lifting clamp facing the lifting arm.

[0009] Furthermore, a positioning ring is installed on the outer wall of the compaction head, and an annular expansion plate is provided on the periphery of the compaction head. Two annular expansion plates are provided, and an annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the annular expansion plate facing the positioning ring. A screw is provided at the end of the annular expansion plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the annular expansion plate is engaged with the positioning ring via an annular slot, the bottom side of the annular expansion plate is aligned with the bottom side of the compaction head, and the two annular expansion plates are connected by screws.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: When the tamping hammer falls freely, the surface vent holes reduce air resistance, allowing it to fall smoothly to the compaction location and preventing positional deviation. The size of the vent holes should be determined according to the area of ​​the compaction head. For large areas, using a tamping hammer with vent holes and appropriately increasing the number of vent holes can reduce air resistance and prevent positional deviation. For small areas, using a tamping hammer with smaller diameter vent holes can avoid positional deviation during fall. In addition, after the tamping hammer lands, the vent holes expel air from the bottom of the compaction head, allowing it to smoothly contact the ground and achieve the compaction effect. Furthermore, different weights of tamping hammers can be selected on-site according to the compaction conditions of the stratum. A certain weight of tamping hammer is used when the stratum is firm, and the weight is adjusted according to the actual situation when the stratum is weak. Generally, a heavier tamping hammer can effectively compact weak strata and stabilize them. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a compaction device for dam foundation treatment provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tamping hammer in a tamping device for dam foundation treatment provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting clamp in a compaction device for dam foundation treatment provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular expansion plate in a tamping device for dam foundation treatment provided in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Lifting equipment; 11. Lifting boom; 2. Compactor hammer; 22. Weight-adding head; 221. Groove; 222. Clamping part; 23. Compactor head; 231. Vent hole; 3. Lifting clamp; 31. Friction layer; 32. Lifting ring; 4. Bolt; 5. Positioning ring; 6. Annular expansion plate; 601. Annular groove; 7. Screw. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1: Structural and operational details of the foundation compaction device

[0018] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 3 The tamping device for dam foundation treatment disclosed in Embodiment 1 of this utility model is a core solution designed to address problems such as "large tamping deviation, low efficiency, and weak adaptability" in dam foundation construction. Its structure and operation details are as follows:

[0019] I. Structure and Parameter Description of Core Components

[0020] Lifting equipment and lifting boom

[0021] The lifting equipment 1 is a hydraulically driven crawler crane with a rated lifting capacity of no less than 50 tons and a 30-ton counterweight to ensure operational stability. The lifting boom 11 is a multi-section telescopic structure with a total length of 15-25 meters. The sections are connected by high-strength pins, and the telescopic speed is 0.5 m / s. Precise lifting and rotation can be achieved through a hydraulic control system. The connection between its end and the lifting clamp 3 is equipped with a rotary bearing to ensure that the angle of the tamping hammer 2 can be finely adjusted before it falls, accurately aligning it with the tamping point.

[0022] Lifting clamp 3

[0023] The lifting clamp 3 has a double-claw structure, and the clamping range can be adjusted by a hydraulic cylinder. The clamping force is not less than 80 tons. The friction layer 31 on the surface of the clamping end is made of nitrile rubber with a diamond-shaped anti-slip pattern pressed on the surface. The coefficient of friction can reach more than 0.8. This design not only avoids wear of the clamping part 222 caused by direct metal contact, but also maintains stable friction in humid environments, preventing the tamping hammer 2 from falling off.

[0024] The lifting clamp 3 is connected to a D-shaped lifting ring 32 at one end facing the lifting arm 11. The lifting ring is connected to the lifting arm 11 by a 2-meter-long high-strength chain. Both ends of the chain are equipped with buffer springs to alleviate the instantaneous impact force when the tamping hammer 2 falls, thus protecting the lifting arm 11.

[0025] tamping hammer 2

[0026] Compactor head 23: Adopts a "stepped disc" structure, composed of 3-5 stacked discs, with the diameter of each layer decreasing by 50-100mm from bottom to top. This structure reduces air turbulence during the fall of the compactor hammer 2, while enhancing contact stability with the ground. The compactor head 23 is made of Q690 high-strength low-alloy steel and filled with C80 self-compacting concrete, ensuring overall strength while reducing manufacturing costs through concrete counterweight.

[0027] Vent holes 231: These are arranged in a ring array along the bottom surface of the compaction head 23, with the number of holes being directly proportional to the diameter of the bottom layer. The hole diameter is selected based on the bottom layer diameter: 250mm for diameters ≤ 1.8 meters and 300mm for diameters > 1.8 meters. The hole walls are rounded to reduce airflow resistance. In addition to reducing air resistance, vent holes 231 also help balance the air pressure between the bottom of the compaction head 23 and the atmosphere during hammer lifting, preventing difficulties in lifting the hammer due to "vacuum adsorption".

[0028] Weight-increasing head 22: A cylindrical structure, weighing 5 tons per piece, made of the same material as compaction head 23. Its top groove 221 is 20cm deep, and the clamping part 222 inside the groove is an 80mm diameter 42CrMo alloy rod, chrome-plated for rust prevention. Weight-increasing head 22 and compaction head 23 are connected by six M20 high-strength bolts 4, evenly distributed around the circumference. During installation, the bolts must be tightened to 800-1000 N·m with a torque wrench to ensure they do not loosen under impact loads.

[0029] II. Actual Operation Process and Scenario Adaptation

[0030] Pre-construction preparation

[0031] Site pretreatment: Remove obstacles such as stones and tree roots with a diameter >10cm in the compaction area, level the site with a loader, and lay a 20cm thick layer of graded sand and gravel on soft soil to prevent the compaction hammer 2 from sinking into the soil.

[0032] Equipment inspection: Check the hydraulic oil level of lifting device 1 and the sealing of the telescopic cylinder of lifting arm 11; confirm that the vent hole 231 of the tamping hammer 2 is not blocked; test the clamping force of lifting clamp 3.

[0033] Strengthening the work steps

[0034] Step 1: Select the total weight of the tamping hammer 2 according to the hardness of the stratum, and fix the weight-adding head 22 with bolts 4.

[0035] Step 2: Move the lifting device 1 above the tamping point, adjust the lifting arm 11 so that the lifting clamp 3 is aligned with the clamping part 222, and retract the clamp cylinder to clamp. At this time, the diamond pattern of the friction layer 31 is embedded in the surface of the clamping part 222, and the friction force can be increased to more than 80% of the clamping force.

[0036] Step 3: Trial lifting verification: Slowly lift the tamping hammer 2 to 10cm above the ground, let it stand for 30 seconds, and observe whether the clamp is loose and whether the connection between the lifting ring 32 and the chain is firm. After confirming that there are no problems, continue lifting to the set drop distance.

[0037] Step 4: Release the tamping hammer 2 into free fall. During the fall, the exhaust port 231 guides the airflow through quickly, reducing the horizontal deviation caused by air resistance. When it hits the ground, the exhaust port 231 instantly discharges the air at the bottom, avoiding the "air cushion effect" that weakens the impact force.

[0038] Step 5: Repeat the tamping until the standard is met: Tamp the same tamping point 6-10 times, and measure the settlement after each tamping. When the average settlement of the last two tamping blows is ≤5cm, move to the next tamping point.

[0039] III. Technical Principles of Core Advantages

[0040] The dual function of the exhaust port: During the fall, the airflow forms a "pressure relief channel" through the exhaust port. According to Bernoulli's equation, the air pressure inside the port is lower than that outside, reducing the upward resistance to the hammer body; When it hits the ground, the air at the bottom is quickly discharged through the port, allowing the compaction head 23 to directly contact the ground, and the impact force reaches the foundation directly.

[0041] Modular weight-adding head design: The weight-adding head 22 can be quickly assembled and disassembled via bolt 4, and the weight adjustment range covers 10-40 tons, which can match the bearing capacity requirements of different strata.

[0042] Anti-slip clamping system: The mechanical engagement between the rubber friction layer 31 and the clamping part 222, combined with an 80-ton clamping force, ensures that the clamp will not slip under a 30° tilt, thus solving the problem of slippage in traditional steel clamps.

[0043] Example 2: Large-area compaction scheme with annular expansion plate

[0044] Reference Figure 4 Example 2 adds an annular expansion plate 6 to Example 1, which is suitable for scenarios requiring large-area compaction, such as the backfill area of ​​the dam body. Its structure and operation details are as follows:

[0045] I. Structural and Connection Design of the Annular Expansion Plate

[0046] Positioning ring 5: Welded to the outer wall of the compaction head 23, it is a Q355 steel plate ring with a thickness of 10mm and a width of 5cm. The inner ring is fully welded to the outer wall of the compaction head 23, and the outer ring is machined with a mating surface with a surface finish of Ra1.6 to ensure precise fit with the annular groove 601.

[0047] Annular expansion plate 6: Composed of two symmetrical arc-shaped steel plates, made of Q355 steel, with a single plate width of 0.5-1 meter. An annular groove 601 is provided on the inner wall facing the positioning ring 5, and a 1mm thick wear-resistant brass sheet is pasted on the inner side of the groove; four Φ17mm screw holes are provided at the end of the plate for splicing and fixing the two plates.

[0048] Connection and Fixing: During installation, first clean the positioning ring 5 and the annular groove 601, apply lithium-based grease to the groove, and symmetrically insert the two annular expansion plates 6 into the positioning ring 5. At this time, a level is required for calibration. Finally, insert four M16 stainless steel screws 7 and tighten them to 300-400 N·m to complete the fixing.

[0049] II. Applicable Scenarios and Operational Precautions

[0050] Applicable scenarios: upstream and downstream dam shell backfill areas, spillway foundations, etc., which can reduce the number of tamping points by 30-50% and greatly improve construction efficiency.

[0051] Installation and disassembly procedures

[0052] Before installation: Confirm that the outer wall of the compaction head 23 is free from deformation and that there are no cracks at the weld of the positioning ring 5.

[0053] During installation: Two people should operate symmetrically. First, insert one plate into the lower half of the positioning ring 5, and then lift the other plate into the upper half to avoid hard contact between the slot and the positioning ring, which could cause deformation.

[0054] After disassembly: clean the dirt off the surface of the annular expansion plate 6, apply anti-rust oil to the slots and screw holes, and store it separately on a wooden block.

[0055] Compaction adjustments: Because the expanded plate increases the contact area, the compaction energy needs to be appropriately increased. For example, the original drop distance of 8 meters needs to be adjusted to 10 meters. At the same time, the spacing between compaction points can be expanded to 3-4 meters, but it is necessary to ensure that the overlap area of ​​adjacent compaction points is ≥10cm to avoid missed compaction.

[0056] III. Performance Advantages of Expansion Boards

[0057] Controllable area: By selecting expansion plates of different widths, the compaction area can be flexibly adjusted to meet the width requirements of different construction areas.

[0058] Uniform stress distribution: The bottom surface of the plate is flush with the compaction head 23, and the material strength matches that of the compaction head, ensuring that the impact force is evenly transmitted along the contact surface and avoiding uneven settlement caused by excessive local foundation stress.

[0059] Quick switching: It only takes 30 minutes to switch from "basic mode" to "large area mode" without the need for additional equipment, adapting to the needs of switching between multiple scenarios on the construction site.

[0060] In summary, this utility model, by refining the component structure, optimizing the connection method and operation process, not only solves the problems of large deviation and low efficiency of traditional compaction devices, but also achieves multiple uses with a single hammer through modular design, and can be widely applied to various strata compaction operations in dam foundations.

[0061] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compaction device for dam foundation treatment, comprising a lifting device (1) and a compaction hammer (2), characterized in that: The lifting equipment (1) is equipped with a lifting arm (11), and a lifting clamp (3) is provided at the end of the lifting arm (11). The tamping hammer (2) includes a compaction head (23) and a weight-increasing head (22). The compaction head (23) is vertically provided with an exhaust hole (231). The top of the weight-increasing head (22) is provided with a groove (221). A clamping part (222) is horizontally installed in the groove (221). Bolts (4) are connected to the periphery of the weight-increasing head (22).

2. The compaction device for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight-adding head (22) is connected to the compaction head (23) by bolts (4).

3. The compaction device for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction head (23) consists of a disc-shaped mechanism with a gradually decreasing area.

4. The compaction device for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping end surface of the lifting clamp (3) is provided with a friction layer (31), which is made of rubber.

5. The tampering apparatus for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, wherein: The lifting clamp (3) is connected to a lifting ring (32) at one end facing the lifting arm (11).

6. The tampering apparatus for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, wherein: The tamping hammer (2) is made of steel.

7. The compaction device for dam foundation treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning ring (5) is installed on the outer wall of the compaction head (23), and an annular expansion plate (6) is provided on the periphery of the compaction head (23), with two annular expansion plates (6).

8. The tampering apparatus for dam foundation treatment according to claim 7, wherein: The annular expansion plate (6) has an annular groove (601) on its inner wall facing the positioning ring (5), and a screw (7) is provided at the end of the annular expansion plate (6).

9. The tampering apparatus for dam foundation treatment according to claim 8, wherein: The annular expansion plate (6) is engaged with the positioning ring (5) through the annular slot (601), and the bottom side of the annular expansion plate (6) is aligned with the bottom horizontal plane of the compaction head (23).

10. The compaction device for dam foundation treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two annular expansion plates (6) are connected by screws (7).

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