Concrete conditioning system integrating heat recovery, spraying and gradient control

Abstract

The present application provides a concrete regulation system integrating heat recovery, spraying and gradient control, and relates to the technical field of concrete curing, which comprises a temperature sensing element, a humidity sensing element, a reinforcing bar installed in layers along the depth direction inside a concrete structure; a cooling water circulation system comprising a water pump and a cooling water pipe, the cooling water pipe being arranged inside the mass concrete structure and being connected to a variable frequency circulating pump; a double water tank system cooperating with a heater to realize hierarchical regulation of water temperature; an automatic spraying system connected to an integrated electric heating module; a heat recovery and circulation assembly connected to the outlet of the cooling water pipe inside the concrete, which recovers the hydration heat of the concrete carried out by the cooling water pipe, and transfers the heat of the cooling water above 50 DEG C to a phase change heat storage tank; a central control unit continuously receiving and recording the monitoring data of the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor and analyzing in real time, and automatically triggering a gradient field control instruction to realize maximum energy efficiency when the temperature gradient exceeds the limit or the humidity gradient exceeds the limit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of concrete curing technology, and more specifically, relates to a concrete control system that integrates heat recovery, spraying and gradient control. Background Technology

[0002] Mass concrete is widely used in large building foundations, bridge abutments, and equipment foundations. Due to its large volume, significant internal and external temperature differences arise during the hardening process due to the heat of hydration. The internal humidity gradient exacerbates shrinkage stress and affects the distribution of the temperature gradient, leading to temperature cracks and drying shrinkage cracks. Therefore, effective temperature control measures must be taken during construction to eliminate the risk of cracking.

[0003] Traditional curing methods, using a single cooling water pipe or surface spraying, have certain limitations. Firstly, there's the issue of stable cooling and heat dissipation within the structure after large-volume concrete pouring. While technologies like circulating water cooling exist, these still rely on manual management and lack a system for monitoring the internal temperature of the large-volume concrete. Construction workers must rely on experience to circulate the cooling water, making it difficult to achieve real-time, stable cooling of the concrete's internal temperature. Furthermore, existing curing techniques ignore the contribution of internal humidity gradients to crack formation, which further influences temperature gradients. Secondly, large-volume concrete curing has strict temperature requirements. Standards stipulate that the surface temperature difference between the large-volume concrete and the ambient temperature should be less than 25°C, and the temperature difference between the curing water and the concrete surface should not exceed 15°C. Current curing techniques, such as spraying water, do not adjust the temperature based on the ambient temperature, leading to frequent exceedances of the 25°C limit. Additionally, the high-temperature water in the cooling pipes is mostly cooled naturally, resulting in inefficient utilization of residual heat. While existing patents propose distributed temperature monitoring, they fail to address the issues of humidity gradient quantification and waste heat recycling. For example, Chinese patent CN117661873 discloses a large-volume concrete curing system and its construction method. This system achieves automated and intelligent curing of large-volume concrete through the combination of control switches, temperature detection elements, composite layers, cooling water circulation systems, and humidity compensation systems. However, it lacks a clear waste heat recovery mechanism, resulting in limited energy efficiency improvements and failing to mention a temperature and humidity gradient collaborative control model. Furthermore, the crack risk function is not quantified. Chinese patent CN216920343U discloses a curing structure for ultra-high-rise, ultra-thick raft slab concrete, addressing the problem of excessively high central temperatures in ultra-high-rise, ultra-thick raft slab concrete, thereby controlling the generation and development of concrete cracks. However, it lacks integrated temperature and humidity sensors, making it impossible to dynamically adjust spraying and cooling strategies. Waste heat is only used for surface insulation, and no heat recovery device (such as a plate heat exchanger) is designed.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a system that integrates temperature and humidity gradient control with energy recovery. Addressing the problems of single temperature and humidity control, waste of waste heat, and reliance on manual adjustment in existing large-volume concrete curing technologies, this paper designs a gradient control system for large-volume concrete based on heat recovery and intelligent spraying. This system uses distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor the internal temperature and humidity gradient of the concrete in real time, combined with an infrared thermal imager to capture the surface temperature field, achieving three-dimensional dynamic data fusion. Simultaneously, waste heat from the cooling water is recovered in stages through a plate heat exchanger (high-temperature water is stored in a phase change heat storage tank, and medium- and low-temperature water is used for preheating spraying). Based on a multi-objective optimization model (crack risk function R = αΔT + β(dT / dt) + γΔH), the cooling water flow rate and spraying strategy are dynamically adjusted, ultimately forming a closed-loop control of temperature and humidity dual gradients. This system can be widely applied to large-volume concrete structures such as dams and high-rise building foundations, significantly reducing the crack incidence rate (estimated reduction ≥30%), improving energy utilization (waste heat recovery rate ≥40%), while reducing manual intervention and resource waste, demonstrating significant economic benefits and engineering practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a concrete control system integrating heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control.

[0006] A concrete conditioning system integrating heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control includes:

[0007] Temperature-humidity gradient sensing network: It consists of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors and distributed fiber optic humidity sensors embedded in layers along the depth direction of concrete, infrared thermal imagers and surface humidity sensors arranged on the concrete surface, and is used to monitor the temperature field and humidity gradient inside and on the surface of concrete in real time.

[0008] Cooling water circulation system: includes a variable frequency water pump, a serpentine cooling water pipe installed inside the concrete, and a plate heat exchanger connected to the outlet of the cooling water pipe. The serpentine cooling water pipe is used to circulate cooling water to remove the heat of hydration of the concrete. The variable frequency water pump adjusts the water flow according to the instructions of the central control unit.

[0009] Intelligent spraying subsystem: includes electromagnetic nozzles in a ring-shaped partition and an electric heating module. The electromagnetic nozzles support switching between atomization and DC dual modes, and the spray water temperature is regulated by a heat recovery system.

[0010] Heat recovery circulation device: including plate heat exchanger and phase change heat storage tank, used for staged storage of waste heat of high temperature cooling water, and to provide preheated medium and low temperature water to the spray system;

[0011] Central control unit: Based on temperature and humidity gradient data, it dynamically adjusts cooling water flow, spray mode and waste heat distribution strategy. It has a built-in multi-objective optimization model with the ultimate goal of minimizing the crack risk function R=αΔT+β(dT / dt)+γΔH, where ΔT is the maximum temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete, ΔH is the internal humidity gradient, dT / dt is the rate of change of the maximum temperature difference, and α, β and γ are empirical coefficients.

[0012] Preferably, the mode switching logic of the intelligent sprinkler subsystem is as follows:

[0013] When the internal humidity gradient is greater than 15%RH / m or the internal temperature difference gradient ΔT / d is greater than 15℃ / m, start the atomized spray (particle size ≤50μm);

[0014] When the core temperature is >60℃ and the core layer humidity is <80%RH, switch to DC spray (flow rate ≥10L / min) and inject pre-cooled circulating water.

[0015] Preferably, the staged utilization strategy of the heat recovery cycle device includes:

[0016] High-temperature cooling water (>50℃) is preferably stored in a phase change heat storage tank. The phase change material is paraffin or inorganic salt, and the phase change temperature is 40-60℃.

[0017] Medium-low temperature water (30-50℃) is supplied to the spray electric heating module after secondary circulation through a plate heat exchanger.

[0018] Preferably, the distributed fiber optic humidity sensor uses a fiber grating array, with one humidity-sensitive unit arranged every 0.5m along the concrete depth direction, and the humidity measurement range is 20-100%RH with an accuracy of ±3%RH;

[0019] The humidity-sensitive unit is encapsulated in a porous ceramic sheath to directly contact the internal environment of the concrete.

[0020] Preferably, the multi-objective optimization model built into the central control unit uses the crack risk function:

[0021] R = αΔT + β(dT / dt) + γΔH is the objective function. By adjusting the speed of the variable frequency water pump, the mode of the electromagnetic nozzle, and the heat distribution of the phase change heat storage tank, the temperature and humidity gradient inside the concrete can be controlled in a coordinated manner.

[0022] Preferably, the cooling water pipes are made of 304 stainless steel with an inner diameter of 25mm. They are laid out in a serpentine pattern along the internal steel reinforcement mesh of the concrete, with a horizontal spacing of 0.8-1.2m and a vertical spacing of 0.6-1.0m. The outlet end is connected to the plate heat exchanger through a flange.

[0023] Preferably, the electromagnetic nozzles are installed at a height of 0.3-0.5m above the concrete surface, with an inclination angle of 15°-30°, arranged in a 5m×5m grid, and each nozzle covers an area of ​​8-12㎡.

[0024] Preferably, the capacity of the phase change thermal storage tank is determined based on the volume of concrete, with 0.1-0.2 m³ of tank capacity allocated per cubic meter of concrete. 3 The heat storage volume is equipped with a built-in spiral guide plate to improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In this invention, a three-dimensional monitoring network is constructed using distributed fiber optic temperature and humidity sensors to capture the internal temperature gradient (ΔT / d) and humidity gradient (ΔH) of the concrete in real time. Combined with a multi-objective optimization model built into the central control unit, the cooling water flow rate and spraying strategy are dynamically adjusted. When the internal temperature gradient exceeds 15℃ / m or the humidity gradient is >15%RH / m, atomized spraying or DC cooling is automatically activated to control the temperature gradient within 10℃ / m and the humidity gradient ≤10%RH / m. Compared to traditional single temperature control processes, this reduces the cracking rate and effectively solves the cracking problem of large-volume concrete caused by hydration heat and humidity shrinkage.

[0027] In this invention, the high-temperature water (>50℃) from the cooling water pipe outlet transfers heat to a phase change heat storage tank via a plate heat exchanger, while the medium-low temperature water (30-50℃) is used to preheat the spray system, achieving a waste heat recovery rate of ≥40%. Compared to the traditional method of directly discharging high-temperature cooling water, this invention reduces cooling energy consumption. Simultaneously, by utilizing the heat storage characteristics of phase change materials (paraffin / inorganic salts), it preheats the spray water at night or in low-temperature environments, reducing the energy consumption of the electric heating module. Overall energy efficiency is significantly improved, aligning with the concept of green construction.

[0028] In this invention, the electromagnetic nozzle supports dual-mode switching between atomization (particle size ≤ 50 μm) and direct current (flow rate ≥ 10 L / min). The spraying strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data: when the humidity gradient is high, atomization spraying is activated to evenly replenish surface moisture; when the core temperature > 60℃ and humidity is insufficient, the system switches to direct current mode and injects pre-cooled circulating water to precisely control the temperature and humidity environment. Simultaneously, the spray water temperature is regulated through a heat recovery system to ensure a temperature difference of ≤ 15℃ with the concrete surface, avoiding the risk of sudden temperature drops caused by traditional cold water spraying, thus improving the precision and intelligence of the curing process and reducing manual intervention.

[0029] In this invention, the system adopts a modular integrated design comprising four major components: a distributed fiber optic sensor network, cooling water circulation, intelligent spraying, and heat recovery. It is easy to install and can be flexibly adjusted according to the volume of concrete (e.g., 0.1-0.2 m³ per cubic meter of concrete). 3(Phase change thermal storage tank). The central control unit communicates in real time with equipment such as variable frequency water pumps and electromagnetic nozzles via PLC, performing monitoring, adjustment, and early warning tasks automatically throughout the entire lifecycle, reducing human error and shortening maintenance cycles. Meanwhile, sensors and actuators are designed to be high-temperature resistant and waterproof (e.g., stainless steel cooling water pipes and epoxy resin sealed terminals), adapting to harsh construction environments and improving system stability and safety.

[0030] This invention is applicable to various large-volume concrete structures such as dams, high-rise building foundations, and bridge abutments. Through a tiered temperature control and humidity compensation strategy, it can meet the curing needs of different seasons (e.g., high temperatures in summer, low temperatures in winter) and structural thicknesses. For example, in summer, pre-cooled circulating water and atomized spraying lower the core temperature, while in winter, a phase change heat storage tank preheats the sprayed water to maintain the surface temperature, avoiding the fluctuations in curing effectiveness caused by seasonal differences in traditional processes. The widespread application of this system can significantly improve concrete construction quality, reduce maintenance costs, and promote the upgrading of the civil engineering field towards intelligence and green practices. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a vertical schematic diagram of the cooling water pipe layout in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the horizontal arrangement of cooling water pipes in this invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the longitudinal arrangement of cooling water pipes in this invention;

[0036] Figure 6 A perspective view showing the arrangement of temperature and humidity sensors inside and on the surface of a large volume of concrete.

[0037] In the figure, the correspondence between the component names and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: 1. Distributed fiber optic temperature sensor; 2. Infrared thermal imager; 3. Surface humidity sensor; 4. Electromagnetic nozzle; 5. Electric heating module; 6. Variable frequency water pump; 7. Plate heat exchanger; 8. Phase change heat storage tank; 9. Central control unit; 10. Distributed fiber optic humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0039] Please see Figures 1-6This invention provides a concrete control system integrating heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control, as detailed below:

[0040] 1. System hardware deployment and installation:

[0041] 1.1 Construction of Temperature and Humidity Gradient Sensing Network:

[0042] Distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 1: It is buried in layers at 0.5m intervals along the depth direction of the large-volume concrete structure. It uses high-temperature resistant optical fiber (operating temperature -40℃~80℃) and is fixed to the nodes of the steel reinforcement skeleton with binding straps. Each optical fiber is connected in series with 10-20 temperature-sensitive units (accuracy ±0.5℃) and covers the core layer (center) of the concrete to the surface layer (within 0.3m of the surface).

[0043] Distributed fiber optic humidity sensor 10: It adopts a fiber optic grating array, with each humidity-sensitive unit encapsulated in a porous ceramic sheath (pore size 5-10μm), in direct contact with concrete. One is arranged every 0.5m along the depth direction, with a measurement range of 20-100%RH and an accuracy of ±3%RH. It is integrated with the temperature sensor on the same transmission bus through a fiber optic fusion splicer.

[0044] Surface monitoring equipment: Capacitive surface humidity sensors 3 are arranged in a 5m×5m grid on the concrete surface, and the terminals are sealed with epoxy resin; an infrared thermal imager 2 is installed simultaneously, with the bracket fixed inside the template, the field of view covering the entire surface to be measured, the resolution is 0.1℃, and the two-dimensional temperature field is captured in real time.

[0045] 1.2 Cooling water circulation system installation:

[0046] Cooling water pipe layout: 304 stainless steel serpentine pipe (inner diameter 25mm, wall thickness 2mm) is used. It is welded and fixed along the internal steel reinforcement mesh of the concrete with a transverse spacing of 0.8-1.2m and a longitudinal spacing of 0.6-1.0m. The inlet and outlet ends are connected to the plate heat exchanger 7 through flanges. The surface of the pipe is coated with thermally conductive silicone grease to enhance the heat exchange efficiency.

[0047] Variable frequency water pump 6: Model selection Grundfos CRN5-10, flow range 5-50m³ / h 3 / h, head 30m, rubber vibration dampers are installed at the inlet and outlet, and it communicates with the central control unit 9 through the PLC control module.

[0048] 1.3 Deployment of the intelligent sprinkler subsystem:

[0049] Electromagnetic nozzle 4: Arranged in a ring-shaped partition, installed at a height of 0.3-0.5m from the concrete surface, with an inclination angle of 20°. Each nozzle covers an area of ​​10㎡ and supports both atomization (particle size ≤50μm) and direct current (flow rate 15L / min) modes. It is connected to the ring-shaped spray network through a DN20 stainless steel pipe.

[0050] Electric heating module 5: power 30kW, built-in temperature sensor (accuracy ±1℃), input end connects to phase change heat storage tank 8 and plate heat exchanger 7, output end water temperature control accuracy ±2℃.

[0051] 1.4 Construction of the heat recovery circulation device:

[0052] Plate heat exchanger 7: Model APVM10-B, heat exchange area 15㎡, independent circulation of cooling water and spray water, high temperature cooling water (>50℃) is cooled to 30-40℃ after heat exchange, and medium and low temperature water (30-50℃) is supplied to the spray system.

[0053] Phase change thermal storage tank 8: Capacity is configured according to the volume of concrete (0.15m³ per cubic meter of concrete). 3 The heat storage volume is built-in with paraffin phase change material (phase change temperature 45-55℃), and the outside of the tank is covered with a 50mm thick rubber and plastic insulation layer (thermal conductivity ≤0.034W / (m·K)).

[0054] 2. System Operation and Control Flow:

[0055] 2.1 Data Acquisition and Preprocessing:

[0056] After the concrete pouring is completed, the central control unit 9 receives data from the distributed fiber optic sensors at a frequency of 1 time per second and performs real-time calculations:

[0057] Internal temperature gradient ΔT / d (temperature difference between core layer and surface layer / structural thickness);

[0058] Humidity gradient ΔH (humidity difference between core layer and surface layer / structural thickness);

[0059] The rate of change of temperature difference dT / dt (unit: °C / h).

[0060] The infrared thermal imager 2 generates a surface temperature cloud map every 5 minutes, which is then fused with the internal temperature data to form a three-dimensional temperature and humidity field model.

[0061] 2.2 Cooling water circulation control:

[0062] Start-up conditions: When the core layer temperature > 60℃ or ΔT / d > 15℃ / m, the central control unit 9 sends a command to the variable frequency water pump 6, starting with an initial flow rate of 30m³ / m. 3 / h injection of 5-25℃ pre-cooled circulating water (water temperature is adjusted by plate heat exchanger 7).

[0063] Dynamic adjustment:

[0064] If ΔT / d > 20℃ / h, the flow rate is increased to 50m³. 3 / h;

[0065] If 10℃ / m ≤ ΔT / d ≤ 15℃ / m, the flow rate drops to 20m³. 3 / h;

[0066] When ΔT / d≤10℃ / m and core temperature<50℃, the cooling water circulation will automatically stop.

[0067] Waste heat recovery: High-temperature water (>50℃) from the outlet of the cooling water pipe transfers heat to the phase change heat storage tank 8 via the plate heat exchanger 7, while medium-low temperature water (30-50℃) enters the spray electric heating module 5 for preheating.

[0068] 2.3 Intelligent Sprinkler Strategy:

[0069] Atomized spray mode: Triggering conditions: internal humidity gradient > 15% RH / m or ΔT / d > 15℃ / m; Execution parameters: nozzle atomization particle size ≤ 50μm, single spray duration 5 minutes, interval 30 minutes, spray water temperature 35-50℃ (preheated by phase change heat storage tank).

[0070] DC spray mode: Triggering conditions: core temperature > 60℃ and core layer humidity < 80%RH; Execution parameters: flow rate 15L / min, add 1-3% concrete curing agent (composed of acrylic resin emulsion) to the spray water until the core layer humidity ≥ 85%RH.

[0071] 2.4 Waste heat utilization in stages:

[0072] High-temperature water storage: When the cooling water outlet temperature is >50℃, the heat is preferentially stored in the phase change heat storage tank 8, and the heat exchange is accelerated by the spiral guide plate (the heat storage efficiency is increased by 20%).

[0073] Medium and low temperature water utilization: Cooling water at 30-50℃ is circulated twice through plate heat exchanger 7 to preheat the spray electric heating module 5, reducing electric heating energy consumption by more than 40%.

[0074] Construction steps and parameters:

[0075] Sensor installation:

[0076] 24 hours before pouring, mark the sensor positions on the steel reinforcement cage according to the design drawings. The distributed fiber optic temperature / humidity sensors are fixed to the steel reinforcement nodes with binding straps, and the humidity sensor sheath faces the inside of the concrete.

[0077] Cooling water pipe installation:

[0078] The serpentine water pipes are welded to the steel mesh with a horizontal spacing of 1.0m and a vertical spacing of 0.8m. Flange interfaces are reserved at the inlet and outlet ends. The pipe surface is coated with thermal conductive silicone grease and then wrapped with an aluminum foil reflective layer.

[0079] Sprinkler system commissioning:

[0080] The electromagnetic nozzle angle was calibrated to 20°. The pressure in atomization mode was adjusted to 0.3 MPa (atomized particle size ≤ 50 μm) using a pressure tester, and the pressure in DC mode was adjusted to 0.5 MPa (flow rate 15 L / min).

[0081] System calibration:

[0082] The temperature sensor was calibrated in a blackbody furnace (accuracy ±0.5℃), the humidity sensor was calibrated in a saturated salt solution (error ±3%RH), and the infrared thermal imager was calibrated using a standard temperature plate.

[0083] Full-cycle monitoring:

[0084] Real-time monitoring is performed after pouring. A temperature gradient warning is activated when the first hydration heat peak occurs (approximately 12-36 hours). When ΔT / d ≤ 10℃ / m and ΔH ≤ 10%RH / m for 72 consecutive hours, the system enters a low-power mode (monitoring frequency is reduced to once per 10 minutes).

[0085] 4. Key Component Parameter Table:

[0086] Distributed fiber optic temperature sensor Accuracy ±0.5℃, temperature measurement range -40℃~80℃ Real-time monitoring of internal temperature gradient of concrete Distributed fiber optic humidity sensor Accuracy ±3%RH, measurement range 20-100%RH Quantifying the internal humidity gradient Variable frequency water pump Flow 5-50 m 3 / h, head 30 m Adjusting the cooling water circulation rate Phase change heat storage tank Phase change temperature 40-60℃, heat storage efficiency ≥40% Storing waste heat from high-temperature cooling water electromagnetic nozzle Atomized particle size ≤50μm, DC flow rate 15L / min Achieve differentiated spray curing

[0087] This invention achieves the following through coordinated control of temperature and humidity gradients and waste heat recovery:

[0088] Reduced risk of cracks: With temperature gradient controlled within 10℃ / m and humidity gradient ≤10%RH / m, the crack incidence rate is reduced by 35% compared to traditional methods;

[0089] Improved energy efficiency: Waste heat recovery rate reaches 45%, spray system energy consumption is reduced by 60%, and cooling water consumption is reduced by 40%;

[0090] Intelligent construction: Full-cycle automated control reduces manual intervention by more than 80%, meeting the requirements of the "Code for Construction of Mass Concrete" (GB50496-2018).

[0091] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A concrete control system integrating heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control, characterized in that, include: Temperature-humidity gradient sensing network: It consists of distributed optical fiber temperature sensors (1), distributed optical fiber humidity sensors (10) embedded in layers along the depth direction of concrete, infrared thermal imager (2) and surface humidity sensor (3) arranged on the concrete surface, and is used to monitor the temperature field and humidity gradient inside and on the surface of concrete in real time. Cooling water circulation system: includes a variable frequency water pump (6), a serpentine cooling water pipe installed inside the concrete, and a plate heat exchanger (7) connected to the outlet of the cooling water pipe. The serpentine cooling water pipe is used to circulate cooling water to remove the heat of hydration of the concrete. The variable frequency water pump (6) adjusts the water flow according to the instructions. Intelligent spraying subsystem: includes electromagnetic nozzles (4) in a ring-shaped partition and an electric heating module (5). The electromagnetic nozzles (4) support switching between atomization and DC dual modes, and the spray water temperature is regulated by a heat recovery system. Heat recovery circulation device: including plate heat exchanger (7) and phase change heat storage tank (8), used for graded storage of waste heat of high temperature cooling water and to provide preheated medium and low temperature water to the spray system.

2. The integrated heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control concrete regulation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed fiber optic humidity sensor (10) uses a fiber optic grating array, with a humidity-sensitive unit arranged every 0.5m along the concrete depth direction. The humidity measurement range is 20-100%RH, and the accuracy is ±3%RH. The humidity-sensitive unit is encapsulated in a porous ceramic sheath to directly contact the internal environment of the concrete.

3. The integrated heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control concrete regulation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling water pipe is made of 304 stainless steel with an inner diameter of 25mm. It is laid out in a serpentine pattern along the steel reinforcement mesh inside the concrete, with a horizontal spacing of 0.8-1.2m and a vertical spacing of 0.6-1.0m. The outlet end is connected to the plate heat exchanger (7) through a flange.

4. The integrated heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control concrete regulation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic nozzle (4) is installed at a height of 0.3-0.5m from the concrete surface, with an inclination angle of 15°-30°, and is arranged in a 5m×5m grid. The coverage area of ​​a single nozzle is 8-12㎡.

5. The concrete control system integrating heat recovery, spraying, and gradient control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The capacity of the phase change heat storage tank (8) is determined according to the volume of concrete. Each cubic meter of concrete is equipped with a heat storage volume of 0.1-0.2 m³, and a built-in spiral guide plate is used to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

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