Experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms

Abstract

This invention proposes an experimental device for the ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms. A water droplet particle swarm is generated by a water nozzle, and an ice crystal particle swarm is generated by an ice crystal particle generating device. The two are mixed in a controllable ratio to form an ice-water mixed phase, thus realizing the mixed-phase icing experiment. The experimental device includes a wind tunnel system, a water droplet atomization generation system, an ice crystal particle generation system, an impact surface system, and a measurement system. The wind tunnel system includes an axial flow fan, a wind tunnel, and an experimental chamber. The impact surface system includes an impact surface component. The water droplet atomization generation system and the ice crystal particle generation system provide water droplets and ice crystals, respectively. The axial flow fan provides a high-speed airflow, which transports the water droplets and ice crystals through the wind tunnel to impact the impact surface component at high speed, realizing the impact icing experiment of the mixed phase. The measurement system is used to measure the wind speed, temperature, and humidity within the wind tunnel, as well as the ice layer thickness and temperature on the impact surface component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an experimental device for the ground generation, impact, adhesion and mixed phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude ice crystals are a major cause of surge, shutdown, and even engine failure in commercial turbofan engines. After partial melting within the first few stages of the compressor, ice crystals form an "ice-water mixture," which, upon impacting the compressor blades, may either bounce off, break apart, or adhere to the airframe. Currently, there is no unified critical adhesion criterion, resulting in a lack of repeatable experimental evidence for airworthiness certification. While large facilities such as NASA-PSL and NRC-ICE-MACR have the capability to generate high-altitude ice crystals, their large size, high operating costs, and inability to independently adjust key parameters such as ice crystal size distribution, wet-bulb temperature, and impact kinetic energy make it difficult to systematically study the adhesion-icing coupling mechanism of ice crystal particle swarms.

[0003] Existing ice crystal experiments primarily focus on "single-particle impact on a static plate" or "continuous spray-wind tunnel icing," lacking ground-based facilities capable of simultaneously simulating "particle swarm-impacting surface-dynamic thermal environment." Due to the lack of controllable particle swarm generators, online synchronous measurement methods for particle size / velocity / temperature, and repeatable rapid de-icing / heating boundary conditions, the fragmentation, splashing, and refreezing processes of ice crystals within real compressor channels remain unmonitored quantitatively. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a ground-based ice crystal particle swarm experimental facility that can operate stably in a laboratory, with independently adjustable parameters, and capable of high spatiotemporal resolution measurements of the entire process from "generation-transport-impact-adhesion-icing," to support the development of airworthiness standards for engine ice crystal formation and the optimized design of anti-icing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this utility model proposes an experimental device for the ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms. The entire device is placed in an environmental chamber with controllable ambient temperature and humidity to ensure that the entire experimental environment is adjustable and controllable. In the air duct, water droplet particle swarms are generated by water nozzles, and ice crystal particle swarms are generated by ice crystal particle generation devices. The two are mixed in a controllable ratio to form an ice-water mixed phase, thereby realizing the mixed-phase icing experiment.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above problems is:

[0006] This invention proposes an experimental device for the ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms. Its special feature is that it includes a wind duct system, a water droplet atomization generation system, an ice crystal particle generation system, an impact surface system, and a measurement system; the wind duct system, water droplet atomization generation system, ice crystal particle generation system, impact surface system, and measurement system are located inside a constant temperature environment chamber.

[0007] The air duct system includes an axial flow fan, an air duct, and an experimental chamber; the axial flow fan and the experimental chamber are located at opposite ends of the air duct; the impact surface system is located inside the experimental chamber; the impact surface system includes impact surface components.

[0008] The ice crystal particle generation system includes a quick-freezing chamber, a liquid nitrogen source, and a high-pressure nitrogen source. The quick-freezing chamber is an insulated cavity, and a replaceable gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is installed in the upper part of the chamber. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is connected to both the high-pressure nitrogen source and water through a pipeline. The high-pressure nitrogen and water are jointly delivered to the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle. With the assistance of high-pressure nitrogen, the water sprayed from the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is atomized into a group of tiny water droplets. The quick-freezing chamber also has a liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle. Both the liquid nitrogen source and the high-pressure nitrogen source are connected to the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle through a reversing valve. The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle is used to provide liquid nitrogen spray to rapidly freeze the water droplet group and form an ice crystal particle group.

[0009] The water droplet atomization generation system and the ice crystal particle generation system are used to provide water droplets and ice crystals, respectively. The axial flow fan provides high-speed airflow, which transports water droplets and ice crystals through the air duct to impact the surface components at high speed, realizing the impact icing experiment of the mixed phase. The measurement system is used to measure the wind speed, temperature and humidity in the air duct, as well as to measure the ice layer thickness and temperature of the impact surface components.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is equipped with a heating structure to increase the temperature of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle and prevent the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle from freezing due to excessively low local temperatures.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating structure described above includes a heating wire and a wire. The heating wire is wound around the outer layer of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, and the heating wire is connected to a power source via the wire.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the aforementioned quick-freezing chamber is equipped with a valve, and below the valve is a multi-layer vibrating screen to screen ice crystal particles.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower part of the above-mentioned multi-layer vibrating screen is provided with a movable sampling window, and the lower part of the movable sampling window is provided with a collection chamber. The bottom of the collection chamber is connected to a solenoid valve. By controlling the opening degree of the solenoid valve, the content of ice crystal particles conveyed into the pipeline can be controlled.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle is located below the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle; the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is connected to a high-pressure nitrogen source via a pipe, and the pipe is equipped with a gas supply valve.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned ice crystal particle cluster preparation device also includes a water storage tank and a water pump. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is connected to the water pump through a pipe, and the water pump is located inside the water storage tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned water droplet atomization generation system includes a gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, which is connected to a water source and a high-pressure nitrogen source, respectively, and sprays out a group of tiny water droplet particles.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned impact surface system includes an impact surface assembly and an impact angle control device; the impact surface assembly comprises a three-layer structure, consisting of a top aluminum plate, an adjustable constant heat flow heating film, and a bottom heat-insulating bakelite layer. The surface temperature of the top impact aluminum plate can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the heating film.

[0018] Furthermore, the aforementioned measurement system includes two aspects: first, it uses temperature and humidity sensors and wind speed sensors installed in the air duct to measure the wind speed, temperature, and humidity inside the air duct; second, it uses a light source, a high-speed camera, and an infrared camera to measure the thickness and temperature of the ice layer on the impact surface components.

[0019] Advantages of this utility model:

[0020] 1. The ice crystal particle generation system of this utility model can realize the large-scale, rapid, continuous and stable generation of ice crystal particle groups. By using liquid nitrogen spray to quickly freeze water spray, a large number of ice crystal particles can be prepared in a short time.

[0021] 2. The ice crystal particle generation system of this utility model achieves controllable generation of ice crystal particle clusters through two-stage control. First-stage control is achieved by adjusting the model of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, enabling control over a large particle size range; second-stage control is achieved by using a multi-layer vibrating screen, enabling control over the particle cluster size distribution.

[0022] 3. The ice crystal particle generation system in this utility model can realize the sampling and measurement of ice crystal particle groups. By using the moving sampling window, ice crystal subgroups can be sampled and obtained, and the particle size, quantity and shape of the ice crystal particle group can be measured.

[0023] 4. The ice crystal particle generation system in this invention exhibits high stability under extreme low-temperature conditions. A heating wire is used to heat the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle to prevent freezing at low temperatures. An electromagnetic reversing valve (B→C mode) is used to prevent freezing and clogging of the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle at low temperatures.

[0024] 5. This utility model proposes a closed experimental device with adjustable and controllable experimental environment temperature, humidity and wind speed. It can be coupled with a water spray and ice crystal particle generation device to realize multi-condition freezing experiments of ice crystal particles / ice-water mixed phase.

[0025] 6. The experimental apparatus proposed in this utility model has adjustable and controllable icing conditions, and can strictly control icing conditions such as the content of ice crystal particles, liquid water content, and ice-water ratio in the airflow.

[0026] 7. The experimental device proposed in this utility model is a visualization experimental device that can directly observe various micro-dynamic behaviors of ice crystal particle groups, such as impact, adhesion, freezing and erosion.

[0027] 8. The experimental device proposed in this utility model has the functions of mixing, moving, colliding, adhering and freezing ice and water particles, and can realize basic research on various ice crystals.

[0028] 9. The experimental apparatus proposed in this utility model can realize the large-scale, rapid, continuous and stable generation of ice crystal particle groups. By using liquid nitrogen spray to quickly freeze water spray, a large number of ice crystal particles can be prepared in a short time and long-term freezing experiment observation can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental device for ground generation, impact, adhesion and mixed phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms proposed in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ice crystal particle generation system;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the impact surface system.

[0032] Among them, 1-Quick freezing chamber, 2-Gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, 3-Liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle, 4-Heating wire, 5-Power supply, 6-Valve, 7-Multi-layer vibrating screen, 8-Moving sampling window, 9-Collection chamber, 10-Reversing valve, 11-Gas supply valve, 12-Water storage tank, 13-Water pump, 14-Liquid nitrogen tank, 15-Nitrogen cylinder, 16-Liquid supply valve, 17-Axial flow fan, 18-Air duct, 19-Experimental chamber, 20-Impact gauge Surface assembly, 21-Top aluminum plate, 22-Heating film, 23-Bottom heat-insulating bakelite, 24-Temperature and humidity sensor, 25-Wind speed sensor, 26-High-speed camera, 27-Infrared camera, 28-Water storage tank, 29-Submersible pump, 30-Control valve I, 31-Control valve II, 32-Control valve, 33-Solenoid valve, 34-Light source, 35-Impact angle control device, 37-Constant temperature environment chamber, 38-Fan frequency converter. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely to represent selected embodiments of this utility model.

[0034] See Figure 1 This invention proposes an experimental apparatus for the ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms, comprising a wind duct system, a water droplet atomization generation system, an ice crystal particle generation system, an impact surface system, and a measurement system. The wind duct system, water droplet atomization generation system, ice crystal particle generation system, impact surface system, and measurement system are located within a constant-temperature environmental chamber 37. The wind duct system includes an axial flow fan 17, a wind duct 18, a fan and frequency converter 38, and an experimental chamber 19. The axial flow fan 17 and the experimental chamber 19 are located at opposite ends of the wind duct 18. The wind duct is an open-loop system within the environmental chamber. The circulating airflow is controlled by the constant-temperature environmental chamber 37, and the impact wind speed is controlled by the fan and frequency converter 38. The impact surface system is located within the experimental chamber 19 and includes an impact surface assembly 20.

[0035] Specifically, see Figure 2 The ice crystal particle generation system includes a quick-freezing chamber 1, a liquid nitrogen source, and a high-pressure nitrogen source. The quick-freezing chamber 1 is a double-layered vacuum insulated cavity. A replaceable gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is installed in the upper part of the quick-freezing chamber 1. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is simultaneously connected to high-pressure nitrogen and water through pipes. Both high-pressure nitrogen and water are jointly delivered to the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2. With the assistance of high-pressure nitrogen, the water sprayed from the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is atomized into a cluster of tiny water droplets. The quick-freezing chamber 1 also contains a liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3, which provides liquid nitrogen spray. Due to the liquid nitrogen spray, the quick-freezing chamber 1 maintains a low-temperature environment, rapidly freezing the water droplet clusters to form ice crystal particle clusters and preventing the ice particles from sticking together due to melting.

[0036] The water droplet atomization system and the ice crystal particle generation system provide water droplets and ice crystals to the air duct 18, respectively. The axial flow fan 17 provides high-speed airflow, which transports the water droplets and ice crystals through the air duct 18 to impact the surface component 20 at high speed, thereby realizing the impact icing experiment of the mixed phase. The measurement system is used to measure the wind speed, temperature and humidity in the air duct 18, as well as to measure the ice layer thickness and temperature of the impact surface component 20.

[0037] By replacing the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle with model 2, 1 to 10 can be achieved. 2 The wide particle size range distribution of μm is controlled at the primary level.

[0038] The liquid nitrogen source and the high-pressure nitrogen source are connected to the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3 via a reversing valve 10. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is connected to the high-pressure nitrogen source via a pipeline, and the pipeline is equipped with a gas supply valve 11.

[0039] Specifically, see Figure 2 The liquid nitrogen source is a liquid nitrogen tank 14, the high-pressure nitrogen source is a nitrogen cylinder 15, the reversing valve 10 is an electromagnetic reversing valve, and the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzles consist of two pressure atomizing liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzles. The high-pressure liquid nitrogen tank and high-pressure nitrogen gas are used to deliver liquid nitrogen to the nozzles and atomize it. The electromagnetic reversing valve automatically switches between two modes (A→C and B→C). When the electromagnetic valve is in mode A→C, liquid nitrogen spray rapidly cools the quick-freezing chamber. When the spray is closed, the electromagnetic reversing valve switches to mode B→C, and a slightly positive pressure airflow flows into the quick-freezing chamber through the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3. This prevents water vapor in the quick-freezing chamber from flowing back into the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3, and thus prevents it from condensing into ice. The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzles are installed on the side wall of the chamber, forming a certain angle with the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, facilitating sufficient and efficient freezing of water droplets.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle is located in a low-temperature quick-freezing chamber. To prevent the nozzle from freezing, the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is equipped with a heating structure. The heating structure increases the temperature of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 and prevents the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 from freezing due to excessively low local temperature.

[0041] Specifically, the heating structure includes a heating wire 4, a wire, and a power supply. The heating wire 4 is wound around the outer layer of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2, and the heating wire 4 is connected to the power supply 5 through the wire, thereby appropriately increasing the temperature of the water spray. The power supply 5 is a DC power supply.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The quick-freezing chamber 1 has a valve 6 at its bottom, and a multi-layer vibrating screen 7 below the valve 6 to screen ice crystal particles. By changing the multi-layer vibrating screen, two-stage control of the ice crystal particle size can be achieved. A movable sampling window 8 is located at the bottom of the multi-layer vibrating screen 7, and a collection chamber 9 is located below the movable sampling window 8. The bottom of the collection chamber 9 is connected to a solenoid valve 33, and the amount of ice crystal particles conveyed is controlled by controlling the opening of the solenoid valve 33. The collection chamber 9 is a heat-insulated chamber, which can collect and store the generated ice crystal particles at a constant temperature. The multi-layer vibrating screen 7 is powered by a power supply 17.

[0043] For example, by using a combination of 75-mesh and 150-mesh sieves, two-stage separation of ice crystal particle groups with a particle size distribution of 100-200μm can be achieved. A movable sampling window is installed below the vibrating screen, which can be opened to sample ice crystal particles, enabling sampling and detection of particle morphology, number, and size. The movable sampling window 8 is similar to a drawer structure, from which ice crystal particles can be extracted.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3 is located below the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2. The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle is installed on the side wall of the cavity, forming a certain angle with the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle, which facilitates sufficient and efficient freezing of water droplets.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The ice crystal particle generation system also includes a water storage tank 12 and a water pump 13. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is connected to a high-pressure nitrogen source through a pipeline. The pipeline is equipped with a gas supply valve 11. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is connected to the water pump 13 through a pipeline. The water pump 13 is located inside the water storage tank 12. The pipeline is also connected to a liquid supply valve 16.

[0046] The working principle of the ice crystal particle generation system is as follows:

[0047] 1) Before starting the preparation, replace the corresponding gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 and multi-layer vibrating screen 7 in advance according to the ice crystal particle size and quantity requirements;

[0048] 2) To prevent the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 from freezing, first turn on the nozzle heating wire 4 and adjust the heating voltage to make the nozzle temperature higher than the freezing point of water (0℃).

[0049] 3) Turn on the electromagnetic reversing valve and adjust it to A→C mode. Open valve 6 and use liquid nitrogen spray to precool the quick-freezing chamber 1, the moving sampling window 8 and the collection chamber 9.

[0050] 4) Once the pre-cooling temperature is reached, turn on the water pump 13 and the nitrogen supply valve 11. The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 starts working, generating a group of water droplets. The water droplets freeze rapidly under the action of liquid nitrogen spray and fall to the bottom of the quick-freezing chamber 1.

[0051] 5) Once a sufficient number of ice crystal particles have been generated, close the gas supply valve 11, liquid supply valve 16 and water pump 13, switch the electromagnetic reversing valve connection mode to B→C, and allow the slightly positive pressure airflow to flow into the quick-freezing chamber through the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3, so that the water vapor in the quick-freezing chamber cannot flow back into the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle 3, and it is even less likely to condense into ice here. Open the valve 6 and use the multi-layer vibrating screen 7 to screen the ice crystal particles.

[0052] 6) During the screening process, the moving sampling window 8 can be used to observe and sample the shape and size of ice crystals;

[0053] 7) Collect the ice crystal particle clusters and store them in collection chamber 9 for later use.

[0054] See Figure 1 The water droplet atomization generation system includes a water tank 28, a submersible pump 29, water pipes, control valve I30, control valve II31, a nitrogen cylinder 15, a reversing valve 10, and gas-assisted atomizing water nozzles 2. The submersible pump 29 and control valve I30 work together to regulate the water supply, while the nitrogen cylinder 15 and control valve II31 regulate the nitrogen supply. When water droplet particles are needed, control valve I30 is opened, and the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzles 2 form a cluster of tiny water droplets. By changing the nozzle type, a wide particle size range can be controlled. When the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzles 2 are closed, control valve II31 is opened to introduce nitrogen, preventing the pipes from freezing and clogging. Control valve 32 can distribute and regulate the water volume of multiple gas-assisted atomizing water nozzles 2.

[0055] In this invention, the surface of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle 2 is also equipped with a heating wire, thereby appropriately increasing the temperature of the water spray and preventing the nozzle from freezing due to excessively low local temperatures.

[0056] Specifically, see Figure 1 The impact surface system includes an impact surface assembly 20 and an impact angle control device 35; see also Figure 3 The impact surface assembly 20 comprises a three-layer structure, consisting of a top aluminum plate 21, an adjustable constant heat flow heating film 22, and a bottom heat-insulating bakelite 23. The surface temperature of the top aluminum plate 21 can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the heating film 22. The impact surface assembly 20 is located on the impact angle control device 35, which can control the rotation of the impact surface assembly 20.

[0057] Specifically, see Figure 1 The measurement system mainly includes two aspects: first, it uses the temperature and humidity sensor 24 and wind speed sensor 25 installed in the air duct 18 to measure the wind speed, wind temperature and humidity in the duct; second, it uses the light source 34, high-speed camera 26 and infrared camera 27 to measure the thickness and temperature of the ice layer on the impact surface.

[0058] An experimental method for impact, adhesion, freezing, and erosion of ice crystal particles / ice-water mixed phases, based on the aforementioned experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and freezing of ice crystal particle swarms, mainly includes the following steps:

[0059] 1) Pre-open the constant temperature environment chamber 37 and set the preset environment temperature (the temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, such as -5℃, to prevent ice crystal particles from melting);

[0060] 2) Turn on the axial flow fan (17), set the wind speed value, and run it continuously for more than 10 minutes to make the entire environment in the constant temperature environment chamber 37 reach a steady state.

[0061] 3) Turn on the ice crystal particle generation system to quickly prepare an appropriate amount of ice crystal particle clusters and store them in the collection chamber 9;

[0062] 4) Turn on the heating film 22 of the impact surface system and set the impact surface temperature;

[0063] 5) Start the measurement system and control the solenoid valve 33 to achieve uniform and stable delivery of ice particles into the pipeline and carry out ice crystal particle impact, adhesion and icing test.

[0064] 6) To conduct an ice-water mixed phase freezing experiment, ice particles need to be introduced while water spray is turned on, and the ice and water particles will be impacted and frozen in a certain proportion.

[0065] 7) By using a high-speed camera (26) and an infrared camera (27) to obtain information on the collision, adhesion, freezing and erosion of the top aluminum plate (21) of ice crystal particles / ice-water mixture, the freezing phenomenon and thermodynamic behavior can be observed.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can still adjust the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of the present utility model fall within the scope of the claims of the present utility model and their equivalents, the present utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for the ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms, characterized in that: It includes an air duct system, a water droplet atomization generation system, an ice crystal particle generation system, an impact surface system, and a measurement system; the air duct system, the water droplet atomization generation system, the ice crystal particle generation system, the impact surface system, and the measurement system are located inside a constant temperature environment chamber (37); The air duct system includes an axial flow fan (17), an air duct (18), and an experimental chamber (19); the axial flow fan (17) and the experimental chamber (19) are located at opposite ends of the air duct (18); the impact surface system is located inside the experimental chamber (19); the impact surface system includes an impact surface assembly (20); The ice crystal particle generation system includes a quick-freezing chamber (1), a liquid nitrogen source, and a high-pressure nitrogen source; The quick-freezing chamber (1) is an insulated cavity. The upper part of the quick-freezing chamber (1) is equipped with a replaceable gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2). The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) is connected to a high-pressure nitrogen source and water through a pipeline. The high-pressure nitrogen and water are transported to the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2). With the assistance of high-pressure nitrogen, the water sprayed by the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) is atomized into liquid water to form a group of tiny water droplets. The quick-freezing chamber (1) is also equipped with a liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle (3). The liquid nitrogen source and the high-pressure nitrogen source are connected to the liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle (3) through a reversing valve (10). The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle (3) is used to provide liquid nitrogen spray to rapidly freeze the water droplet group to form a group of ice crystals. The water droplet atomization system and the ice crystal particle generation system provide water droplets and ice crystals to the air duct (18) respectively. The axial flow fan (17) provides high-speed airflow, which transports water droplets and ice crystals through the air duct (18) to impact the surface component (20) at high speed, thereby realizing the impact icing experiment of the mixed phase. The measurement system is used to measure the wind speed, temperature and humidity in the air duct (18), as well as to measure the ice layer thickness and temperature of the impact surface component (20).

2. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) is provided with a heating structure to increase the temperature of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) and prevent the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) from freezing due to local low temperature.

3. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating structure includes a heating wire (4) and a wire. The heating wire (4) is wound around the outer layer of the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2). The heating wire (4) is connected to a power source (5) through the wire.

4. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The quick-freezing chamber (1) is equipped with a valve (6) at the bottom, and a multi-layer vibrating screen (7) is provided below the valve (6) to screen ice crystal particles.

5. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower part of the multi-layer vibrating screen (7) is provided with a collection chamber (9), and the bottom of the collection chamber (9) is connected to a solenoid valve (33). By controlling the opening degree of the solenoid valve (33), the amount of ice crystal particles conveyed can be controlled.

6. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid nitrogen atomizing nozzle (3) is located below the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2); the gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) is connected to a high-pressure nitrogen source through a pipe, and a gas supply valve (11) is provided on the pipe.

7. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a water storage tank (12) and a water pump (13). The gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2) is connected to the water pump (13) through a pipe. The water pump (13) is located inside the water storage tank (12).

8. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The water droplet atomization generation system includes a gas-assisted atomizing water nozzle (2), which is connected to a water source and a high-pressure nitrogen source respectively, and sprays out a group of tiny water droplet particles.

9. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 8, characterized in that: The impact surface system includes an impact surface assembly (20) and an impact angle control device (35); the impact surface assembly (20) includes a three-layer structure, namely a top aluminum plate (21), an adjustable constant heat flow heating film (22) and a bottom heat-insulating bakelite (23), and the surface temperature of the top aluminum plate (21) can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the heating film (22).

10. The experimental apparatus for ground generation, impact, adhesion, and mixed-phase icing of ice crystal particle swarms according to claim 9, characterized in that: The measurement system includes a temperature and humidity sensor (24) and a wind speed sensor (25) installed in the air duct (18), as well as a light source (34), a high-speed camera (26) and an infrared camera (27).

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