Electronic tag

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electronic tag. Electronic tag includes: solar cell, solar cell includes transparent conductive layer and metal electrode layer, antenna, the antenna includes radiating patch layer, and the radiating patch layer is metal electrode layer, chip, the chip has direct current feeding port and radio frequency feeding port, and radio frequency feeding port is connected with metal electrode layer, and first direct current feeding line and second direct current feeding line, first direct current feeding line is connected with metal electrode layer and direct current feeding port all, and second direct current feeding line is connected with transparent conductive layer and direct current feeding port all. The utility model discloses electronic tag has antenna radiation efficiency high, gain, whole thickness is small, and electric energy collection efficiency is high, and work stability is good and the like advantage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of communications, specifically to electronic tags. Background Technology

[0002] To increase the power supply for passive IoT chips, a solar cell integrated antenna design was proposed. One approach involves placing a transparent antenna stack on top of the solar cell. However, this design, by replacing the antenna's dielectric substrate with ITO glass and the radiating patch from a non-transparent copper structure to a transparent copper mesh, ultimately reduces the antenna's radiation efficiency and gain, affecting the normal operation of the original passive IoT chip. Furthermore, the stacked design increases the overall thickness of the chip.

[0003] Another design option is to insert solar cells into the gaps in the antenna's radiating structure. However, in passive IoT applications, the area available for solar cells is small due to limitations in the chip's operating frequency and overall size, resulting in negligible additional energy supply from the solar cells. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, this utility model proposes an electronic tag.

[0005] The electronic tag of this utility model includes: a solar cell, the solar cell comprising a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode layer; an antenna, the antenna comprising a radiating patch layer, the radiating patch layer being the metal electrode layer; a chip, the chip having a DC feed port and an RF feed port, the RF feed port being connected to the metal electrode layer; and a first DC feed line and a second DC feed line, the first DC feed line being connected to both the metal electrode layer and the DC feed port, and the second DC feed line being connected to both the transparent conductive layer and the DC feed port.

[0006] The electronic tag of this invention has the advantages of high antenna radiation efficiency, high gain, small overall thickness, high energy collection efficiency, and good working stability.

[0007] Optionally, the antenna is a patch antenna, and the antenna further includes a dielectric layer and a metal ground layer, wherein the dielectric layer is located between the radiating patch layer and the metal ground layer in its thickness direction.

[0008] Optionally, the metal electrode layer is connected to the radio frequency feed port via a coaxial cable.

[0009] Optionally, the coaxial cable is connected to the RF feed port via a first connecting microstrip line, and the chip further includes a DC blocking capacitor located on the first connecting microstrip line.

[0010] Optionally, the first DC feeder line is provided with a first inductor, and the second DC feeder line is provided with a second inductor.

[0011] Optionally, the metal electrode layer has a gap that extends through the metal electrode layer along its thickness direction, and the gap extends through the metal electrode layer along either its length direction or its width direction. The gap divides the metal electrode layer into at least two independent metal electrode portions, and each metal electrode portion is connected to the DC feed port via the first DC feed line.

[0012] Optionally, the gap is serrated.

[0013] Optionally, there are multiple slits, and the multiple slits are spaced apart along the other of the length direction and width direction of the metal electrode layer.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of the slits are spaced apart along the length direction of the metal electrode layer, and each slit penetrates the metal electrode layer along the width direction of the metal electrode layer. The metal electrode portion has a first side and a second side opposite to each other in the width direction of the metal electrode layer. The electronic tag includes two first DC feed lines, one of which is connected to the first side of each metal electrode portion, and the other of which is connected to the second side of each metal electrode portion.

[0015] Optionally, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a partial side view of an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial top view of an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a port return loss diagram of the antenna of an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is the E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna of the electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna of the electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] The electronic tag 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-3 As shown, the electronic tag 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a solar cell, an antenna 2, a chip 3, a first DC feed line 4, and a second DC feed line (not shown in the figure).

[0024] The solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode layer 1. The antenna 2 includes a radiating patch layer 21, which is the same as the metal electrode layer 1. That is, the metal electrode layer 1 of the solar cell is reused as the metal radiating part (radiating patch layer 21) of the antenna 2.

[0025] Chip 3 has a DC power supply port 31 and an RF power supply port 32, with the RF power supply port 32 connected to the metal electrode layer 1. A first DC power supply line 4 is connected to both the metal electrode layer 1 and the DC power supply port 31, and a second DC power supply line is connected to both the transparent conductive layer and the DC power supply port 31.

[0026] According to this embodiment of the invention, the electronic tag 100 reuses the metal electrode layer 1 of the solar cell as the radiating patch layer 21 of the antenna 2, thus eliminating the need to stack the antenna 2 on top of the solar cell, and consequently eliminating the need to replace the metal radiating portion (radiating patch layer 21) of the antenna 2 with a transparent metal mesh. This ensures that the antenna 2 has high radiation efficiency and gain, thereby ensuring stable communication and normal operation of the electronic tag 100.

[0027] By reusing the metal electrode layer 1 of the solar cell as the radiating patch layer 21 of the antenna 2, the thickness of the electronic tag 100 can be reduced. Furthermore, by stacking the solar cell and the antenna 2, the solar cell has a larger area, allowing it to efficiently power the antenna 2 and the chip 3.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electronic tag 100, by providing a first DC feed line 4 connected to both the metal electrode layer 1 and the DC feed port 31, and a second DC feed line connected to both the transparent conductive layer and the DC feed port 31, can more effectively collect electrical energy from the solar cell using the first DC feed line 4 and the second DC feed line, so that the solar cell can more effectively power the antenna 2 and the chip 3. This not only further ensures the normal operation of the electronic tag 100, but also allows the chip 3 of the electronic tag 100 to have more functions (such as signal amplification, signal generation, etc.).

[0029] Therefore, the electronic tag 100 according to the present invention has advantages such as high antenna radiation efficiency, high gain, small overall thickness, high energy collection efficiency, and good working stability.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the electronic tag 100 includes a solar cell, an antenna 2, a chip 3, a first DC feed line 4, and a second DC feed line (not shown in the figure).

[0031] The solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode layer 1. Those skilled in the art will understand that the solar cell may also include structures such as an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. These structures are known and irrelevant to the inventive point of this application, and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0032] Alternatively, the solar cell can be a perovskite solar cell. Perovskite solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency and can improve energy capture efficiency in low-light indoor environments. Compared to silicon-based photovoltaic panels, perovskite solar cells have advantages such as good light transmittance, simple manufacturing and assembly processes, low cost, light weight, and easy installation.

[0033] To increase transparency and speed up device fabrication, perovskite solar cells can employ an inverted (pin) structure, with the transparent conductive layer (transparent conductive electrode) using conductive metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The perovskite layer of perovskite solar cells is prepared using solution-based processes such as spraying, blade coating, and spin coating, resulting in a thickness of less than 10 μm.

[0034] Taking medium to large-sized factories as an example, the average indoor light radiation is approximately 120W / m². 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is approximately 6%, and the light source loss is approximately 30%. Calculations show that for every 0.1m... 2 The perovskite solar cell generates approximately 12 Wh per day. The power output of the electronic tag 100 is less than 1.5 x 10⁻⁶. -6W(-28dBm). Therefore, even during periods of worst light conditions, the perovskite solar cell can power the electronic tag 100 to operate normally and effectively.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, antenna 2 is a patch antenna. Antenna 2 includes a radiating patch layer 21, a dielectric layer 22, and a metal ground layer 23. The dielectric layer 22 is located between the radiating patch layer 21 and the metal ground layer 23 in its thickness direction. That is, the dielectric layer 22 has a first end face and a second end face opposite each other in its thickness direction. The radiating patch layer 21 is disposed on the first end face of the dielectric layer 22, and the metal ground layer 23 is disposed on the second end face of the dielectric layer 22.

[0036] The radiating patch layer 21 radiates electromagnetic waves outward. The radiating patch layer 21 can be a square metal sheet, a rectangular metal sheet, a circular metal sheet, etc. Optionally, the radiating patch layer 21 is bonded to the first end face of the dielectric layer 22, and the metal ground layer 23 is bonded to the second end face of the dielectric layer 22, so as to make the structure of the antenna 2 more stable.

[0037] By setting up a metal ground layer 23, electromagnetic isolation between the radiating patch layer 21 and the metal surface can be better achieved, so as to prevent the radiation pattern and circuit matching of the antenna 2 from being affected when the electronic tag 100 is deployed on the metal surface, further ensuring that the electronic tag 100 can work normally and effectively expanding the application range of the electronic tag 100.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the edge of the radiating patch layer 21 is located inside the edge of the dielectric layer 22, and the edge of the metal ground layer 23 is flush with the edge of the dielectric layer 22. The edge of the radiating patch layer 21 is located inside the edge of the metal ground layer 23. In other words, the first plane is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22, and the edge of the radiating patch layer 21 projected along the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22 onto the first plane is located inside the edge of the projection of the dielectric layer 22 along its thickness direction onto the first plane; the edge of the radiating patch layer 21 projected along the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22 onto the first plane is located inside the edge of the projection of the metal ground layer 23 along the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22 onto the first plane.

[0039] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the metal electrode layer 1 is connected to the radio frequency feed port 32 via a coaxial cable 5, so that the chip 3 can receive the radio frequency signal from the antenna 2 via the coaxial cable 5. This avoids the microstrip line malfunctioning when the electronic tag 100 is deployed on a metal surface, thus ensuring the normal operation of the electronic tag 100 and further expanding its applicability.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the metal electrode layer 1 has a gap 11. The gap 11 extends through the metal electrode layer 1 along its thickness direction. The thickness direction of the metal electrode layer 1 is consistent with the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22. The metal electrode layer 1 and the transparent conductive layer are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22, meaning that the thickness direction of the solar cell is also consistent with the thickness direction of the dielectric layer 22.

[0041] The slit 11 extends through the metal electrode layer 1 along either its length or width. The slit 11 divides the metal electrode layer 1 into at least two independent metal electrode portions 12, each of which is connected to a DC power supply port 31 via a first DC power supply line 4.

[0042] By providing gaps 11 in the metal electrode layer 1, the metal electrode layer 1 can be divided into at least two independent metal electrode portions 12, thereby forming a multi-patch radiating structure. This not only adapts to the multi-patch structure of the solar cell itself but also increases the radiation modes of the antenna 2, thus effectively expanding the operating bandwidth of the antenna 2, especially when the dielectric layer 22 is relatively thin. Therefore, the electronic tag 100 can possess the advantages of both small thickness and large operating bandwidth of the antenna 2.

[0043] Furthermore, by providing a gap 11 in the metal electrode layer 1, the equivalent capacitance of the antenna 2 can be increased, thereby reducing the operating frequency of the antenna 2. In other words, by providing a gap 11 in the metal electrode layer 1, the operating frequency of the antenna 2 can be reduced while keeping the size of the metal electrode layer 1 (radiating patch layer 21) unchanged.

[0044] Therefore, when the antenna 2 operates at the same frequency, the size of the metal electrode layer 1 with the slot 11 is smaller than the size of the metal electrode layer 1 without the slot 11. By providing the slot 11 in the metal electrode layer 1, the size of the antenna 2 can be reduced, achieving miniaturization of the antenna 2, and consequently reducing the size of the electronic tag 100, thereby reducing the space occupied by the electronic tag 100 and making the electronic tag 100 easier to use.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the slot 11 is serrated. This effectively increases the length of the slot 11, thereby further increasing the equivalent capacitance of the antenna 2 and further reducing the operating frequency of the antenna 2. This allows for a further reduction in the size of the antenna 2 and the electronic tag 100, thus further reducing the space occupied by the electronic tag 100 and making the electronic tag 100 easier to use.

[0046] like Figure 2As shown, there are multiple slots 11, which are spaced apart along either the length or width direction of the metal electrode layer 1. This can further increase the number of radiation modes of the antenna 2, thereby further expanding the operating bandwidth of the antenna 2, especially when the thickness of the dielectric layer 22 is small.

[0047] Furthermore, by setting multiple gaps 11, the equivalent capacitance of the antenna 2 can be further increased, thereby further reducing the operating frequency of the antenna 2. This allows for a further reduction in the size of the antenna 2 and the electronic tag 100, thereby further reducing the space occupied by the electronic tag 100 and making the electronic tag 100 easier to use.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of slits 11 are spaced apart along the length direction of the metal electrode layer 1, and each slit 11 penetrates the metal electrode layer 1 along the width direction of the metal electrode layer 1, thereby dividing the metal electrode layer 1 into a plurality of independent metal electrode portions 12, which are spaced apart along the length direction of the metal electrode layer 1.

[0049] The metal electrode portion 12 has a first side portion 121 and a second side portion 122 opposite to each other in the width direction of the metal electrode layer 1. The electronic tag 100 includes two first DC feed lines 4, one first DC feed line 4 is connected to the first side portion 121 of each metal electrode portion 12, and the other first DC feed line 4 is connected to the second side portion 122 of each metal electrode portion 12.

[0050] This allows for more efficient collection of electrical energy from the solar cell using the first DC feed line 4, enabling the solar cell to more effectively power the antenna 2 and the chip 3. This not only further ensures the normal operation of the electronic tag 100 but also allows the chip 3 of the electronic tag 100 to have more functions.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the coaxial cable 5 is connected to the RF feed port 32 via the first connecting microstrip line. The chip 3 also includes a DC blocking capacitor 33, which is located on the first connecting microstrip line. By placing the DC blocking capacitor 33 on the first connecting microstrip line, DC signals can be blocked.

[0052] Optionally, a first inductor 34 is provided on the first DC feed line 4, and a second inductor is provided on the second DC feed line. This allows the first inductor 34 and the second inductor to block radio frequency AC signals, thus preventing interference between DC signals and radio frequency AC signals.

[0053] The specific performance of antenna 2 (including its port return loss, E-plane radiation performance, and H-plane radiation performance) is as follows: Figures 4-6As shown. Antenna 2 operates in the frequency band of 890MHz-910MHz. At the center frequency of 900MHz, antenna 2 has a lateral radiation pattern, a gain of approximately 4.4dBi, and good cross-polarization.

[0054] The electronic tag 100 of this application enables the chip 3 to receive more energy (including radio frequency energy and solar energy), better meeting the power supply needs of increasingly complex passive IoT chips. In addition, the antenna 2, which integrates a solar cell, avoids the shortcomings of existing technology solutions, is suitable for application in passive IoT tags, and is more conducive to the application of passive IoT AIoT systems.

[0055] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0059] In this utility model, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0060] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic tag, characterized by include: A solar cell, comprising a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode layer; The antenna includes a radiating patch layer, which is the metal electrode layer; The chip has a DC power supply port and an RF power supply port, the RF power supply port being connected to the metal electrode layer; as well as A first DC feed line and a second DC feed line, wherein the first DC feed line is connected to both the metal electrode layer and the DC feed port, and the second DC feed line is connected to both the transparent conductive layer and the DC feed port.

2. The electronic tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna is a patch antenna, and the antenna further includes a dielectric layer and a metal ground layer, wherein the dielectric layer is located between the radiating patch layer and the metal ground layer in its thickness direction.

3. The electronic tag of claim 1, wherein, The metal electrode layer is connected to the radio frequency feed port via a coaxial cable.

4. The electronic tag according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coaxial cable is connected to the RF feed port via a first connecting microstrip line. The chip also includes a DC blocking capacitor located on the first connecting microstrip line.

5. The electronic tag of claim 1, wherein, The first DC feeder line is provided with a first inductor, and the second DC feeder line is provided with a second inductor.

6. The electronic tag of claim 1, wherein, The metal electrode layer has a gap that extends through the metal electrode layer along its thickness direction. The gap also extends through the metal electrode layer along either its length or width direction. The gap divides the metal electrode layer into at least two independent metal electrode portions. Each metal electrode portion is connected to the DC power supply port via the first DC power supply line.

7. The electronic tag according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gap is serrated.

8. The electronic tag according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, There are multiple slits, and the multiple slits are spaced apart along the other of the length direction and width direction of the metal electrode layer.

9. The electronic tag of claim 8, wherein, The plurality of slits are spaced apart along the length direction of the metal electrode layer, and each slit penetrates the metal electrode layer along the width direction of the metal electrode layer. The metal electrode portion has a first side and a second side opposite to each other in the width direction of the metal electrode layer. The electronic tag includes two first DC feed lines, one of which is connected to the first side of each metal electrode portion, and the other of which is connected to the second side of each metal electrode portion.

10. The electronic tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

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