Battery pack and energy storage system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a battery pack and an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The battery pack comprises a battery box, a plurality of battery modules and a plurality of separators. The battery box comprises a box cover and a lower box body. The box cover is covered on the lower box body along a first direction to form a battery compartment. The plurality of battery modules are arranged in the battery compartment, and at least part of the battery modules are arranged along a second direction. Each battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries arranged along a third direction. Each separator is located between the battery module and the box cover along the first direction, and is located on two adjacent battery modules along the second direction. The battery pack provided by the present disclosure improves safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a battery pack and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Secondary batteries, also known as rechargeable batteries or storage batteries, are batteries that can be recharged after being discharged, allowing the active materials to be reactivated and reused. The recyclable nature of secondary batteries has made them a primary power source for electrical equipment.

[0003] Battery packs typically contain multiple battery modules. During transportation or use, the battery pack casing is prone to deformation or damage under mechanical forces such as collision, compression, and vibration, which affects the safety of the battery pack.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a battery pack and energy storage system that improves the safety of the battery pack.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a battery pack is provided, the battery pack comprising: A battery housing, comprising a cover and a lower housing, wherein the cover is fitted onto the lower housing along a first direction to form a battery compartment; Multiple battery modules are disposed in the battery compartment, and at least some of the battery modules are arranged along a second direction. Each battery module includes multiple individual batteries arranged along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction and the third direction intersect each other. Multiple spacers are provided, each spacer being located between the battery module and the case cover along the first direction and on two adjacent battery modules along the second direction.

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the spacer is bonded to the lid and / or two adjacent battery modules.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the spacer is provided with adhesive layers on its upper and lower sides along the first direction, and the adhesive layers protrude from the edge of the spacer along the second direction and the third direction.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the cover has a recessed portion recessed toward the battery module side along the first direction, and at least a portion of the spacer is located between the battery module and the recessed portion.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the cover is provided with a plurality of recesses, and the plurality of spacers are located between the battery module and the corresponding recesses.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a plurality of the recesses extend along the third direction and are spaced apart along the second direction, and a plurality of spacers on two adjacent battery modules are located in the same recess.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the first direction, the thickness of the spacer is less than or equal to the distance between the recess and the battery module.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the recess on the box cover is a stamped structure.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of spacers are arranged in an array.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery module further includes an integrated busbar, which is disposed along the first direction on the side of the plurality of individual batteries facing the cover; the spacer is located along the first direction between the integrated busbar and the cover, and along the second direction on the integrated busbars of two adjacent battery modules.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery module further includes a plurality of electrical connectors, wherein two adjacent individual cells are electrically connected via the electrical connectors; along the second direction, the spacer is located between the electrical connectors on two adjacent battery modules.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the spacer is made of an elastic material.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the spacer comprises neoprene foam material.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery pack further includes: Multiple heat insulation components are provided on one side of the box cover facing the battery module along the first direction, and are respectively provided in correspondence with the multiple battery modules; Each of the plurality of individual battery cells is provided with an explosion-proof valve on the side facing the box cover along the first direction; the heat insulation component on each battery module, along the orthogonal projection of the component onto the battery module along the first direction, covers the explosion-proof valve on the plurality of individual battery cells in the battery module.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the cover has a recessed portion recessed toward the battery module side along the first direction, and the spacer is located between the battery module and the recessed portion; in the second direction, the heat insulation member and the recessed portion are alternately arranged.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, in the first direction, the distance between the heat insulation member and the battery module is greater than the distance between the recess and the battery module.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, along the second direction, electrical connectors are provided on both sides of the explosion-proof valve of the individual battery; along the third direction, adjacent individual batteries are electrically connected through the electrical connectors; the orthographic projection of the heat insulation member onto the battery module along the first direction covers at least a portion of the electrical connectors on both sides of the explosion-proof valve on the plurality of individual batteries in the battery module.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat insulation element is bonded to the box cover.

[0024] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat insulation element is mica paper.

[0025] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide an energy storage system including the battery pack described above.

[0026] The battery pack disclosed herein features a spacer between the cover and the battery modules, forming a support structure. The cover is prone to deformation and collapse under its own weight or external pressure. The spacer fills the gap between the cover and the battery modules, providing upward support to the cover through its structural strength. This effectively disperses the stress on the cover, preventing collapse caused by concentrated localized stress, and thus avoiding the cover hitting the battery modules. This improves the flatness of the cover and enhances the safety of the battery pack. Furthermore, the spacer is positioned along a second direction on adjacent battery modules, forming a connection and buffer structure across the battery modules. It utilizes the empty space on adjacent battery modules without occupying additional space and will not interfere with components such as explosion-proof valves.

[0027] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the battery pack case cover being opened according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4 An exploded view of a battery pack provided for one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a top view of a battery module with spacers provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a spacer provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a box lid provided for one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated busbar provided for one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 9 An exploded view of an integrated busbar provided for one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a box cover and a heat insulation component provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Energy storage device; 20. High-voltage cable; 30. First power conversion device; 40. Second power conversion device; 100. Battery pack; 110. Battery housing; 111. Lower housing; 112. Housing cover; 1120. Recess; 113. Battery compartment; 120. Battery module; 121. Individual battery cell; 122. Explosion-proof valve; 123. Integrated busbar; 1231. Plastic structural component; 1232. Electrical connector; 1233. Information acquisition component; 124. End plate; 125. Cable tie; 130. Spacer; 140. Thermal insulation component; X, third direction; Y, second direction; Z, first direction. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0041] Because the energy people need is highly time- and space-dependent, in order to make rational use of energy and improve energy efficiency, it is necessary to use a medium or device to store one form of energy in the same way or by converting it into another form of energy, and then release it in a specific form of energy based on future application needs.

[0042] Currently, the generation of green electricity generally relies on solar, wind, and hydropower. However, wind and solar power are generally characterized by strong intermittency and large fluctuations, which can cause grid instability, insufficient power during peak demand periods, and excessive power during off-peak periods. Unstable voltage can also damage the power grid. Therefore, insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid capacity may lead to the problem of "wind and solar curtailment." Solving these problems requires energy storage. This involves converting electrical energy into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and storing it. When needed, this energy can be converted back into electrical energy and released. Simply put, energy storage is like a large "power bank," storing electrical energy when solar and wind power are abundant and releasing the stored electricity when needed.

[0043] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, this solution provides an energy storage device for use in energy storage systems. The energy storage device is equipped with a set of chemical batteries, which mainly use the chemical elements in the batteries as energy storage media. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by the chemical reaction or change of the energy storage media. Simply put, the electrical energy generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical batteries. When the use of external electrical energy reaches its peak, the stored electricity is released for use, or transferred to places with a shortage of electricity for use.

[0044] Current energy storage applications are quite widespread, including generation-side energy storage, grid-side energy storage, and consumption-side energy storage. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include: (1) Large-scale energy storage power stations (including multiple prefabricated energy storage modules) applied to wind power and photovoltaic power stations can help renewable energy power generation meet grid connection requirements and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, energy storage power stations can achieve load matching of power in time and space, enhance the renewable energy absorption capacity, reduce instantaneous power changes, reduce the impact on the power grid, improve the absorption of new energy power generation, and are of great significance in power grid system backup, alleviating peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation and frequency regulation. (2) The energy storage prefabricated cabin applied on the grid side mainly functions as peak regulation, frequency regulation and grid congestion relief. In terms of peak regulation, it can realize peak shaving and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is low and releasing the stored electricity during the peak electricity load period, thereby achieving a balance between power production and consumption. (3) Small energy storage cabinets applied to the electricity consumption side mainly function as self-consumption of electricity, peak-valley price arbitrage, capacity cost management, and improvement of power supply reliability. Depending on the application scenario, electricity consumption side energy storage can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, household energy storage devices, energy storage charging piles, etc., which are generally used in conjunction with distributed photovoltaics. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley pricing, by charging the energy storage system when the electricity price is low and discharging the energy storage system when the electricity price is high, peak-valley price arbitrage can be achieved, reducing electricity costs. In addition, industrial enterprises subject to two-part tariffs can use energy storage systems to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge during peak loads, thereby reducing peak power and the maximum demand declared, achieving the goal of reducing capacity costs. Household photovoltaics with energy storage can improve the level of self-consumption of electricity. Due to high electricity prices and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installations is driven. Given that photovoltaic power generation occurs during the day, while user load is generally higher at night, configuring energy storage can better utilize photovoltaic power, improve self-consumption levels, and reduce electricity costs. Furthermore, energy storage is needed in areas such as communication base stations and data centers for backup power.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated using a shared energy storage scenario on the generation / distribution side as an example, but the energy storage device disclosed herein is not limited to a prefabricated energy storage module in a generation / distribution energy storage scenario.

[0046] This disclosure provides an energy storage system, comprising: a high-voltage cable 20, a first power conversion device 30, a second power conversion device 40, and the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 40 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 10 through grid connection. The energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, achieving peak shaving and frequency regulation, and ensuring stable grid operation; or, the wind power conversion device is always connected to the high-voltage cable 20. High-voltage cable 20 connects the wind power conversion device to the power consumption side of the distribution network under normal power generation conditions. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in energy storage device 10 to reduce wind and solar curtailment rates and improve the problem of new energy power generation consumption. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in energy storage device 10 together with high-voltage cable 20 in grid-connected mode to supply power to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving role of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid.

[0047] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 30 can be a photovoltaic panel, and the energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 20 between the user load and the photovoltaic power conversion device. The electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 10, which can respond in a timely manner to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails; or, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line congestion when the high-voltage cable 20 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0048] Optionally, the first power conversion device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic panel, and the second power conversion device 40 may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device. The first power conversion device 30 and the second power conversion device 40 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0049] Optionally, the energy storage device 10 may include, but is not limited to, energy storage applications such as energy storage power stations, hydropower / thermal / wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, smart home systems, or temporary power supply systems, and may also be applied in multiple fields such as data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, and electric vehicles.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, taking the energy storage device 10 as an example, the battery pack 100 includes a battery box 110 and multiple battery modules 120. The battery box 110 includes a lower box 111 and a box cover 112. The box cover 112 and the lower box 111 are fixedly / detachably connected along the height direction (first direction Z) to form a battery compartment 113. Multiple battery modules 120 are located in the battery compartment 113.

[0051] The battery compartment 113 of the battery housing 110 can hold at least one battery module 120, such as one, two, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more. The more battery modules 120 there are, the higher the capacity of the battery pack 100, thus making it easier to meet market demands. For example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the battery compartment 113 of the battery housing 110 contains four battery modules 120 arranged along the width direction (second direction Y) of the battery housing 110.

[0052] Each battery module 120 may include a pair of end plates 124 arranged opposite each other along the cell arrangement direction, and a plurality of individual cells 121 located between the pair of end plates 124. The plurality of individual cells 121 and the end plates 124 at both ends may be fixed by binding tools such as cable ties 125. The plurality of individual cells 121 are arranged along the length direction (third direction X) of the battery box 110, and the plurality of individual cells 121 are connected to each other by electrical connectors 1232 to realize series / parallel electrical connection between the plurality of individual cells 121.

[0053] In this configuration, multiple individual cells 121 are connected in series, and each electrical connector 1232 is connected to the electrode terminals of different polarities on two individual cells 121 respectively; or, the multiple individual cells 121 are connected in parallel in pairs and then connected in series between the groups, in which case each electrical connector 1232 is first connected to the electrode terminals of the same polarity on two individual cells 121 respectively, and then connected to the electrode terminals of opposite polarity on two other individual cells 121.

[0054] Among them, the two individual batteries 121 adjacent to the end plate 124 are respectively provided with output electrode connectors, so as to be electrically connected to other battery modules 120 or to the output end of the battery pack 100 through the output electrode connectors.

[0055] It is understood that the energy storage device 10 is not limited to a battery pack. The energy storage device 10 can be a single battery cell, or a battery module, battery cluster, power bank, energy storage cabinet / prefabricated energy storage compartment, or other battery integrated system composed of single batteries. The actual application form of the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure embodiment can be, but is not limited to, the listed products, and can also be other application forms. This disclosure embodiment does not strictly limit the application form of the energy storage device 10.

[0056] Optionally, the single cell 121 can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a single cell 121 that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The single cell 121 can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0057] Optionally, the single cell 121 can be, but is not limited to, at least one of cylindrical, prismatic, prismatic, or other shaped batteries. The prismatic single cell 121 includes a casing, an electrode assembly, and a top cover assembly. The casing forms an accommodating space with an opening, and the top cover assembly covers the opening of the casing. It should be noted that the prismatic single cell 121 can also be a tetragonal prism-shaped battery, which is convenient for assembly into groups. A tetragonal prism-shaped battery refers to a prism shape, but it is not strictly limited that each side of the prism must be a straight line; the corners between the sides can be right angles, rounded corners, or chamfers. The casing and top cover assembly cooperate to form a tetragonal prism-shaped outer shell. The prismatic single cell 121 includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte located within the casing. The electrode assembly includes a cell, a positive tab, and a negative tab. The battery cell has positive and negative electrode plates stacked on top of each other, and a separator sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrode plates. The positive and negative electrode plates and the separator sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrode plates are wound together to obtain a wound battery cell. Optionally, the battery cell can be a stacked battery cell.

[0058] The top cover assembly includes a top cover, a first electrode post, a second electrode post, and a lower plastic layer. The top cover has through holes for the first and second electrode posts, with the first electrode post passing through the first hole and the second electrode post passing through the second hole. The lower plastic layer is stacked on the back of the top cover to insulate the top cover from the electrode assembly. The first and second electrode posts have opposite polarities; for example, the first electrode post can be a negative electrode post, and the second electrode post can be a positive electrode post.

[0059] The electrode assembly includes at least one battery cell and multiple tabs connected to the battery cell, the multiple tabs including at least one positive tab and at least one negative tab; the top cover assembly includes multiple adapter pieces, the multiple adapter pieces including at least one positive adapter piece and at least one negative adapter piece; the positive tab of each battery cell is electrically connected to the positive terminal through the positive adapter piece, and the negative tab of each battery cell is electrically connected to the negative terminal through the negative adapter piece.

[0060] Among them, such as Figure 5As shown, the top cover is provided with an explosion-proof hole, and an explosion-proof valve 122 is provided on the explosion-proof hole. The explosion-proof valve 122 can be installed on the explosion-proof hole by welding or other means, or by forming a groove on the top cover, with the part surrounded by the groove serving as the explosion-proof valve 122; when the gas pressure inside the single cell 121 exceeds a set critical value, the explosion-proof valve 122 opens to release gas, so as to prevent the gas pressure inside the single cell 121 from becoming too high and causing an explosion.

[0061] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown, the battery module 120 also includes an information acquisition unit 1233, which extends along the direction of the individual battery stack (third direction X) and is located above the explosion-proof valve 122 of each individual battery 121. The information acquisition unit 1233 can acquire at least one of the voltage, current, and temperature information of the individual batteries and transmit the acquired voltage, current, and temperature information to the control unit of the battery pack 100. When the control unit determines that the temperature is too high, it will control the cooling system to cool the individual battery 121; if the temperature is too low, it can also transmit the information to the heating device to heat the individual battery 121. The voltage information can be used to determine whether the voltage value of the individual battery 121 is too low or too high, thereby controlling the operating state of the individual battery 121. The current information can be used to determine whether the current value of the individual battery 121 is too low or too high, thereby controlling the operating state of the individual battery 121 and ensuring the safety of the battery module 120. Among them, FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) can be used as information acquisition device 1233. The FPC board is electrically connected to each electrical connector 1232 and output terminal connector to stably acquire at least one of the voltage information, current information and temperature information of the single cell 121.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as 4, Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, each battery module 120 includes an integrated busbar 123 (CellsContact System, CCS component), which is disposed along the first direction Z on the side of multiple individual cells 121 facing the cover 112. The CCS component mainly consists of information acquisition components (e.g., flexible printed circuit board, printed circuit board, flexible flat cable, flexible die-cut circuit board, etc.) 1233, plastic structural components 1231, copper and aluminum busbars, etc. The above components are connected into a whole through hot pressing, riveting, bonding and other processes to realize the series and parallel connection of battery cells and to collect the temperature and voltage of each individual cell 121. That is, flexible printed circuit board or printed circuit board is used instead of wire harness connection method. The information acquisition component 1233 can be an integrated structure, for example, by using a flexible circuit board (FPC) to collect the temperature and voltage of the individual battery cells 121 of the battery module 120; the information acquisition component 1233 can also be a separate structure, for example, by using multiple flexible circuit boards (FPCs) to collect the temperature and voltage of the individual battery cells 121 of the battery module 120 separately. This disclosure does not limit the specifics, and those skilled in the art can configure it according to actual needs.

[0063] Typically, to improve the energy density of the battery pack 100, the battery compartment 113 of the battery box usually houses multiple battery modules 120. Because the cover 112 needs to encapsulate all the battery modules 120 within the battery compartment simultaneously, the area of ​​the cover 112 is relatively large. When the area of ​​the cover 112 is large, it may exhibit poor flatness or even collapse; when the battery modules 120 vibrate, the cover 112 may slap against the battery modules 120, seriously affecting the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0064] In response, embodiments of this disclosure provide a battery pack 100, such as... Figures 2-5 As shown, the battery pack 100 includes: a battery housing 110, a plurality of battery modules 120 and a plurality of spacers 130. The battery housing 110 includes a cover 112 and a lower housing 111. The cover 112 covers the lower housing 111 along a first direction Z to form a battery compartment 113. The plurality of battery modules 120 are disposed in the battery compartment 113, and at least some of the battery modules 120 are arranged along a second direction Y. Each battery module 120 includes a plurality of individual batteries 121 arranged along a third direction X. Each spacer 130 is located between the battery module 120 and the cover 112 along the first direction Z, and is located on two adjacent battery modules 120 along the second direction Y.

[0065] The battery pack 100 disclosed herein includes a spacer 130 between the cover 112 and the battery module 120, forming a support structure. The cover 112 is prone to deformation and collapse under its own weight or external pressure. The spacer 130 fills the gap between the cover 112 and the battery module 120, providing upward support to the cover 112 through its own structural strength. This effectively disperses the stress on the cover 112, preventing collapse caused by localized stress concentration, and thus preventing the cover 112 from hitting the battery module 120. This improves the flatness of the cover 112 and enhances the safety of the battery pack 100. Simultaneously, the spacer 130 is located along the second direction Y on two adjacent battery modules 120, forming a connection and buffer structure across the battery modules 120. It utilizes the empty space on the two adjacent battery modules 120 without occupying additional space and will not interfere with components such as the explosion-proof valve 122.

[0066] It should be noted that at least some of the battery modules 120 are arranged along the second direction Y, i.e., as shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, the battery compartment 113 can accommodate four battery modules 120 arranged in four rows along the second direction Y and one column along the third direction X; or, the battery compartment 113 can accommodate eight battery modules 120 arranged in four rows along the second direction Y and two columns along the third direction X. The battery compartment 113 only needs to have two rows of battery modules 120 arranged adjacently along the second direction Y. This disclosure does not limit the specific arrangement and number of multiple battery modules 120 in the battery compartment 113.

[0067] In some embodiments, the spacer 130 is bonded to the cover 112 and / or two adjacent battery modules 120. During long-term use of the battery pack 100, factors such as vibration and temperature changes can easily cause the spacer 130 to shift or fall off. If the spacer 130 only has simple contact with the surrounding structure, its support and cushioning effect will gradually weaken with displacement, and may even exacerbate the collapse of the cover 112 or the impact of the modules due to the displacement of the spacer 130. By bonding, the spacer 130 can be tightly connected to the cover 112 and the battery modules 120 to form a whole, which enhances the fixation reliability of the spacer 130 and ensures that it plays a stable supporting role in the long term.

[0068] The spacer 130 has adhesive layers on its upper and lower sides along the first direction Z, which are used to bond to the cover 112 and / or two adjacent battery modules 120. When installing the spacer 130, adhesive layers can be pre-installed on the upper and lower sides of the incoming material. The adhesive layers are, for example, double-sided adhesive, and release paper can be placed on the double-sided adhesive. After the material arrives, the release paper on the spacer 130 can be removed, and the cover plate can be bonded with double-sided adhesive. Then, the cover plate can be closed onto the casing.

[0069] The adhesive layer protrudes beyond the edge of the spacer 130 along the second direction Y and the third direction X. This protruding adhesive layer forms a flange-type adhesive structure, significantly increasing the adhesive area. It includes not only the contact area corresponding to the spacer 130 body but also extends to the surface of the cover 112 and the battery module 120 surrounding the spacer 130. The larger adhesive area allows the adhesive layer to generate stronger adhesive force, effectively resisting external forces such as vibration and tension, greatly reducing the risk of the spacer 130 detaching, and significantly enhancing the positional stability of the spacer 130.

[0070] In some embodiments, the spacer 130 may be made of an elastic material. The elastic spacer 130 utilizes its own elastic modulus to possess adaptive support characteristics. Since the collapse of the cover 112 is usually localized and non-uniform, the elastic spacer 130 can generate differentiated elastic support forces according to the degree of deformation in different areas of the cover 112. In areas with severe collapse, the spacer 130 has a greater compression and stronger support force; in areas with slight collapse, the support force is relatively smaller, achieving adaptive support for the cover 112 and effectively improving the flatness of the cover 112. Simultaneously, when the cover 112 is subjected to external force, it undergoes elastic deformation. The elastic spacer 130 can convert the mechanical energy generated by the deformation of the cover 112 into elastic potential energy for storage. After the external force disappears, the spacer 130 returns to its original shape and releases the elastic potential energy, efficiently absorbing vibration energy and solving the problems of the cover 112 hitting the battery module 120 and the cover 112 collapsing.

[0071] Among them, the spacer 130 can be CR foam, that is, the material of the spacer 130 includes chloroprene rubber foam. Chloroprene rubber foam is a closed-cell elastic foam material made of chloroprene rubber as the base material through high-temperature mixing, foaming and other processes. It has good resistance to compression deformation, long-lasting elasticity, slow aging speed, and can provide long-term shock protection. At the same time, it has excellent flame retardant properties and can maintain stable performance in the range of -40℃ to 90℃ or even 105℃. In addition, the surface is easy to bond and is easy to process such as punching, hot pressing and lamination.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as 4, Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the battery module 120 also includes an integrated busbar 123, which is disposed along the first direction Z on the side of the multiple individual batteries 121 facing the cover 112. A spacer 130 is located along the first direction Z between the integrated busbar 123 and the cover 112, and along the second direction Y on the integrated busbars 123 of two adjacent battery modules 120. When the cover 112 deforms and collapses, the spacer 130 first bears the pressure, preventing the cover 112 from directly squeezing the integrated busbar 123, protecting the information acquisition component 1233, plastic structural component 1231, copper and aluminum busbars, etc., from physical damage. When the battery module 120 vibrates, the spacer 130 absorbs the vibration energy, reducing the relative friction between the integrated busbar 123 and the cover 112, solving the problem of the integrated busbar 123 being susceptible to mechanical damage, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the electrical connection of the battery pack 100.

[0073] The integrated busbar 123 is equipped with electrical connectors 1232, and two adjacent individual cells 121 are electrically connected through the electrical connectors 1232. Along the second direction Y, spacers 130 are located between the electrical connectors 1232 on two adjacent battery modules 120. By placing the spacers 130 between the electrical connectors 1232 of adjacent modules, safety protection is enhanced without occupying additional space in the battery modules 120. That is, safety issues can be solved while maintaining a compact module layout, thus balancing the energy density and safety of the battery pack 100.

[0074] In some embodiments, multiple spacers 130 are arranged in an array, that is, the spacers 130 are regularly distributed in both the second direction Y and the third direction X. This distribution can evenly distribute the weight and vibration impact of the lid 112 to each spacer 130, avoiding stress concentration caused by insufficient local support; it is equivalent to forming a multi-point support matrix on the inside of the lid 112, with each support point bearing equal pressure, effectively avoiding local collapse of the lid 112 caused by excessive force on a single support point.

[0075] Among them, such as Figure 6 The spacer 130 can be rectangular to facilitate its placement on two adjacent battery modules and to provide sufficient bonding area on both the top and bottom sides, thereby improving the reliability of the bonded assembly. Of course, the spacer 130 can also be circular, elliptical, trapezoidal, or irregular in shape when viewed from above; this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0076] Among them, such as Figure 5As described above, on the third direction X, four spacers 130 are provided between two adjacent battery modules 120, and a total of twelve spacers 130 are provided on the four battery modules 120. Of course, multiple spacers 130 can also be arranged in a non-array manner, and three, five or more spacers 130 can be provided between two adjacent battery modules 120. This disclosure does not limit this arrangement.

[0077] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 The cover 112 has a recessed portion 1120 recessed along the first direction Z toward the battery module 120, and at least a portion of the spacer 130 is located between the battery module 120 and the recessed portion 1120. The recessed portion 1120 recesses along the first direction Z toward the battery module 120, effectively forming a raised reinforcing rib structure on the cover 112 (viewed from the inside of the cover 112). This reinforcing rib structure increases the moment of inertia of the section by changing the cross-sectional shape of the cover 112. This structure effectively improves the bending stiffness and deformation resistance of the cover 112, reduces the risk of collapse, and improves the flatness of the cover 112. Furthermore, the depth of the recessed portion 1120 can be adjusted according to the thickness and cushioning requirements of the spacer 130, ensuring that the spacer 130 maintains appropriate compression after installation. This balances support rigidity while retaining sufficient elastic deformation space to absorb vibration energy, achieving a balance between support and cushioning performance.

[0078] The cover 112 has multiple recesses 1120, and multiple spacers 130 are located between the battery module 120 and the corresponding recesses 1120. The multiple recesses 1120 are adapted to the arrangement of the battery modules 120. A recess 1120 is provided in the area of ​​the cover 112 corresponding to each module, ensuring that the cover 112 has sufficient strength at each module support point and preventing overall collapse due to insufficient local reinforcement. When the cover 112 is subjected to external impact or internal pressure, the stress can be dispersed to a wider area through the multiple recesses 1120, further reducing the risk of deformation of the cover 112 and improving the flatness of the cover 112 throughout its entirety.

[0079] Among them, such as Figures 4-7As shown, multiple recesses 1120 extend along a third direction X and are spaced apart along a second direction Y. Multiple spacers 130 on two adjacent battery modules 120 are located in the same recess 1120. The continuously extending recesses 1120 are equivalent to forming a reinforcing beam extending along a third direction X on the cover 112, improving bending stiffness and deformation resistance. In addition, when bonding the spacers 130 to the cover 112, multiple spacers 130 only need to be laid along the length of the recesses 1120. The extended structure of the recesses 1120 forms an assembly guide, allowing operators to quickly align the spacers 130 through the edges of the recesses 1120, avoiding multiple calibrations during the assembly of individual recesses 1120, and further improving assembly speed and accuracy.

[0080] In the first direction Z, the thickness of the spacer 130 is less than or equal to the distance between the recess 1120 and the battery module 120. For example, when the distance between the recess 1120 and the battery module 120 is 10mm, the thickness of the spacer 130 can be 9mm to 10mm. When the thickness is equal to the distance, the spacer 130 fills the gap, forming a rigid support and effectively resisting the collapse of the cover 112. When the thickness is less than the distance, the reserved gap provides space for the spacer 130 to deform elastically. When the battery module 120 vibrates, the spacer 130 can fully absorb the vibration energy through the compression and rebound process, while avoiding excessive compression of the module. At the same time, the battery pack 100 will experience large temperature changes during use. As an elastic component, the spacer 130 will expand and contract with temperature. The reserved appropriate gap can provide space for thermal expansion and avoid the spacer 130 from exerting direct pressure on the module surface components.

[0081] The recess 1120 on the cover 112 is a stamped structure. The stamping process allows the entire extended recess 1120 to be processed in one operation, improving processing efficiency and structural consistency. Simultaneously, the high strength of the stamped structure enhances the cross-module support capacity of the extended recess 1120, better dispersing vibration energy from adjacent modules. Of course, the recess 1120 on the cover 112 can also be a separate reinforcing rib located on the inner surface of the cover 112, for example, connected together by welding; this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4The battery pack 100 also includes multiple heat insulation components 140, which are disposed on the side of the cover 112 facing the battery module 120 along the first direction Z, and are arranged one-to-one with the multiple battery modules 120. The orthographic projection of the heat insulation component 140 on each battery module 120 along the first direction Z covers the explosion-proof valves 122 on multiple individual batteries 121 in the battery module 120. By setting the heat insulation components 140 and ensuring that the orthographic projection of the heat insulation components 140 covers the explosion-proof valves 122 of all individual batteries 121 in the corresponding battery module 120, a flame interception layer is formed. When any explosion-proof valve 122 in the battery module 120 opens and emits flame, the heat insulation component 140 can block the impact of the flame and high-temperature airflow. Through its high-temperature resistance and heat insulation properties, the heat is blocked on the side of the heat insulation component 140 facing the module, preventing the cover 112 from being directly burned through by high temperature.

[0083] Among them, such as Figure 10 As shown, in the second direction Y, the heat insulation element 140 and the recess 1120 are alternately arranged. Along the second direction Y, a heat insulation element 140 is arranged between two adjacent recesses 1120, so that the spacers 130 and the heat insulation elements 140 are evenly distributed along the width direction of the battery box 110 and do not overlap. For example, when four battery modules 120 are arranged along the second direction Y, three recesses 1120 (each covering the spacers 130 of two adjacent modules) and four heat insulation elements 140 can be arranged alternately to form a stable support-heat insulation-support structure, which ensures that the explosion-proof valve 122 of each module is covered by the heat insulation element 140 and that the support points of the box cover 112 are evenly distributed.

[0084] The heat insulation component 140, projected along the first direction Z onto the battery module 120, covers at least a portion of the electrical connectors 1232 on both sides of the explosion-proof valve 122 on multiple individual cells 121 within the battery module 120. Mica paper is positioned above the cell explosion-proof valve 122, directly below the non-recessed area of ​​the battery pack 100 cover, opposite the electrical explosion-proof valve 122, increasing the width of the heat insulation component 140. When the explosion-proof valve 122 opens and emits flame, the wider heat insulation component 140 can completely cover the flame, preventing the flame from directly impacting the cover 112 and further enhancing the heat insulation protection of the cover 112.

[0085] In the first direction Z, the distance between the heat insulation component 140 and the battery module 120 is greater than the distance between the recessed portion 1120 and the battery module 120. When the explosion-proof valve 122 of the single battery 121 opens and sprays flame, a high-temperature gas flow and flame jet will be generated. If the heat insulation component 140 is too close to the module, the flame will directly impact the surface of the heat insulation component 140. The larger distance between the heat insulation component 140 and the battery module 120 provides a sufficient exhaust channel for the high-temperature gas, allowing the high-temperature gas to diffuse and be discharged fully.

[0086] In some embodiments, the heat insulation component 140 is bonded to the cover 112. The protective effect of the heat insulation component 140 is highly dependent on its relative position to the explosion-proof valve 122. If the heat insulation component 140 is displaced, the explosion-proof valve 122 may be exposed, losing its thermal protection function. A uniform adhesive force can be formed across the entire contact surface between the heat insulation component 140 and the cover 112, ensuring a tight fit without any localized loosening or gaps. This effectively resists the risk of displacement caused by factors such as vibration and temperature changes in the battery pack 100. For example, the heat insulation component 140 may have an adhesive backing for easy bonding to the cover 112.

[0087] Among them, the heat insulation component 140 can be made of mica paper. Mica paper can withstand short-term temperatures exceeding 1000℃, enabling it to directly withstand the high-temperature impact of the explosion-proof valve 122's flame; simultaneously, mica paper has extremely low thermal conductivity (typically 0.05-0.1 W / (m²)). The mica paper effectively blocks heat from the explosion-proof valve 122 from being transferred through the mica paper, creating a significant temperature gradient across the insulation component 140 and efficiently preventing heat diffusion. Furthermore, the mica paper can be processed into any shape and size using simple processes such as die-cutting and stamping, precisely adapting to the layout of the explosion-proof valve 122 and the position of the electrical connector 1232 in different modules. The insulation component 140 can also be a mica sheet; this disclosure does not limit the specific material of the insulation component 140.

[0088] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized by, include: A battery housing (110) includes a cover (112) and a lower housing (111), wherein the cover (112) is fitted onto the lower housing (111) along a first direction (Z) to form a battery compartment (113); Multiple battery modules (120) are disposed in the battery compartment (113), and at least some of the battery modules (120) are arranged along a second direction (Y). Each battery module (120) includes multiple single cells (121) arranged along a third direction (X). The first direction (Z), the second direction (Y), and the third direction (X) intersect each other. Multiple spacers (130) are located between the battery module (120) and the cover (112) along the first direction (Z) and on two adjacent battery modules (120) along the second direction (Y).

2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The spacer (130) is bonded to the cover (112) and / or two adjacent battery modules (120).

3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein, The spacer (130) has adhesive layers on its upper and lower sides along the first direction (Z), and the adhesive layers protrude from the edge of the spacer (130) along the second direction (Y) and the third direction (X).

4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The cover (112) has a recessed portion (1120) recessed along the first direction (Z) toward the side of the battery module (120), and at least part of the spacer (130) is located between the battery module (120) and the recessed portion (1120).

5. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein, The cover (112) is provided with a plurality of recesses (1120), and a plurality of spacers (130) are located between the battery module (120) and the corresponding recesses (1120).

6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, Multiple recesses (1120) extend along the third direction (X) and are spaced apart along the second direction (Y), and multiple spacers (130) on two adjacent battery modules (120) are located in the same recess (1120).

7. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein, In the first direction (Z), the thickness of the spacer (130) is less than or equal to the distance between the recess (1120) and the battery module (120).

8. The battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that, The recess (1120) on the box cover (112) is a stamped structure.

9. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of spacers (130) are arranged in an array.

10. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The battery module (120) further includes an integrated busbar (123), which is disposed along the first direction (Z) on the side of the plurality of individual batteries (121) facing the cover (112); the spacer (130) is located along the first direction (Z) between the integrated busbar (123) and the cover (112), and along the second direction (Y) on the integrated busbar (123) of two adjacent battery modules (120).

11. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The battery module (120) also includes a plurality of electrical connectors (1232), and two adjacent individual cells (121) are electrically connected through the electrical connectors (1232); along the second direction (Y), the spacer (130) is located between the electrical connectors (1232) on two adjacent battery modules (120).

12. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The spacer (130) is made of an elastic material.

13. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The spacer (130) comprises neoprene foam material.

14. The battery pack of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The battery pack (100) also includes: Multiple heat insulation components (140) are provided on the side of the cover (112) facing the battery module (120) along the first direction (Z), and are provided one-to-one with the multiple battery modules (120); Each of the plurality of individual battery cells (121) is provided with an explosion-proof valve (122) on the side facing the cover (112) along the first direction (Z); the heat insulation component (140) on each battery module (120) has its orthographic projection along the first direction (Z) onto the battery module (120) covering the explosion-proof valve (122) on the plurality of individual battery cells (121) in the battery module (120).

15. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein, The cover (112) is provided with a recessed portion (1120) recessed towards the battery module (120) in the first direction (Z), and the spacer (130) is located between the battery module (120) and the recessed portion (1120); in the second direction (Y), the heat insulation member (140) and the recessed portion (1120) are alternately arranged.

16. The battery pack of claim 15, wherein, In the first direction (Z), the distance between the heat insulation member (140) and the battery module (120) is greater than the distance between the recess (1120) and the battery module (120).

17. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein, Along the second direction (Y), electrical connectors (1232) are provided on both sides of the explosion-proof valve (122) of the single cell (121); along the third direction (X), adjacent single cells (121) are electrically connected through the electrical connectors (1232); the heat insulation member (140) along the first direction (Z) on the battery module (120) has its orthographic projection covering at least a portion of the electrical connectors (1232) on both sides of the explosion-proof valve (122) of the plurality of single cells (121) in the battery module (120).

18. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein, The heat insulation component (140) is bonded to the box cover (112).

19. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein, The heat insulation component (140) is mica paper.

20. An energy storage system characterized by, Includes the battery pack (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 19.

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