Triangular carrier generation circuit, voltage conversion system, hydrogen production system by electrolysis of water

Abstract

This application discloses a triangular carrier wave generation circuit, a voltage conversion system, and a water electrolysis hydrogen production system. The triangular carrier wave generation circuit includes a square wave generating branch, a triangular wave generating branch, a signal following branch, and an inverting branch. The square wave generating branch receives a first square wave signal output from a controller and outputs a second square wave signal based on the first square wave signal. The triangular wave generating branch generates a triangular wave signal based on the second square wave signal. The signal following branch generates a first discontinuous triangular wave signal based on the triangular wave signal. When the voltage of the triangular wave signal is greater than or equal to zero, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the triangular wave signal; when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is less than zero, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero. The inverting branch superimposes the inverted result of the triangular wave signal with the first discontinuous triangular wave signal to generate a triangular carrier wave signal. The inverted result of the triangular wave signal is the second discontinuous triangular wave signal. Through the above method, the desired triangular carrier wave signal can be obtained from the square wave signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a triangular carrier wave generation circuit, a voltage conversion system, and an electrolytic water hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, current loops are typically used in the software control strategies of voltage conversion circuits such as DC-DC converters. Current loops can be implemented in software or hardware. However, software-implemented current loops suffer from slow dynamic response and cannot directly limit peak current for transient overcurrent protection. Therefore, hardware-implemented current loops are more commonly used.

[0003] For hardware-implemented current loops, a triangular carrier signal is required, while microcontroller units (MCUs) can typically only output pulse width modulation (PWM) signals or square wave signals directly. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a triangular carrier generation circuit, a voltage conversion system, and an electrolytic water hydrogen production system, which can obtain the required triangular carrier signal based on a square wave signal.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a triangular carrier wave generation circuit, comprising: a square wave generating branch configured to input a first square wave signal output by a controller and output a second square wave signal based on the first square wave signal, wherein the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is greater than the positive voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than the negative voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, and the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than zero; and a triangular wave generating branch electrically connected to the square wave generating circuit, configured to generate a triangular wave signal based on the second square wave signal, wherein when the second square wave signal corresponds to a positive voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal increases from the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal, and when the second square wave signal corresponds to a negative voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal increases from the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal, and the voltage of the triangular wave signal increases from the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal. The voltage decreases to the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal; the signal follower branch, electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch, is configured to generate a first discontinuous triangular wave signal based on the triangular wave signal, wherein the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the triangular wave signal when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is greater than or equal to zero, and the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is less than zero; the inverting branch, electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch and the signal follower branch respectively, is configured to generate a triangular carrier signal by superimposing the inverted result of the triangular wave signal with the first discontinuous triangular wave signal, wherein the inverted result of the triangular wave signal is the second discontinuous triangular wave signal, the second discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is greater than or equal to zero, and the second discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the inverted signal of the triangular wave signal when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is less than zero.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, the square wave generating branch includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first comparator; the first end of the first resistor is used to input a first square wave signal, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the first comparator, the second resistor is electrically connected between the second power supply and the inverting input of the first comparator, the third resistor is electrically connected between the first power supply and the output of the first comparator, and the output of the first comparator is electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the triangular wave generating branch includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first capacitor, and a first operational amplifier; the fourth resistor is electrically connected between the square wave generating branch and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, the fifth resistor is electrically connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and ground, the sixth resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first capacitor and the sixth resistor are connected in parallel, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the signal following branch and the inverting branch, respectively.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the signal following branch includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a second operational amplifier; the seventh resistor is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch and the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier, the eighth resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input and the output of the second operational amplifier, and the output of the second operational amplifier is electrically connected to the inverting branch.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the inverting branch includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a third operational amplifier; the ninth resistor is electrically connected between the signal following branch and the non-inverting input of the third operational amplifier, the tenth resistor is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch and the inverting input of the third operational amplifier, the eleventh resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input and the output of the third operational amplifier, and the output of the third operational amplifier outputs a triangular carrier signal.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a voltage conversion system, including a voltage conversion circuit, a switch driving circuit, and a triangular carrier generation circuit as described above. The voltage conversion circuit includes a first switching transistor. The switch driving circuit is electrically connected to the triangular carrier generation circuit and the voltage conversion circuit, respectively. The voltage conversion circuit is electrically connected to an input power supply. The switch driving circuit is configured to generate a first driving signal based on the output current of the voltage conversion circuit and the triangular carrier signal to drive the first switching transistor to turn on or off, thereby enabling the voltage conversion circuit to boost or buck the voltage of the input power supply.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the switch driving circuit includes: a current sensor electrically connected to a voltage conversion circuit, configured to sample the output current of the voltage conversion circuit to output a sampled current; a current loop control signal generation circuit electrically connected to the current sensor, configured to input a triangular carrier signal and the sampled current to the current loop to generate a first driving signal; a controller configured to output a second driving signal; and a logic control circuit electrically connected to the controller, the current loop control signal generation circuit, and the first switch, respectively, configured to output a third driving signal based on the logical AND result of the first driving signal and the second driving signal to drive the first switch.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit is a Buck converter.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a water electrolysis hydrogen production system, including N electrolyzer modules and the voltage conversion system described above, wherein N is a positive integer; the N electrolyzer modules are connected in series, and the voltage conversion system is electrically connected between the input power supply and the electrolyzer modules, and the voltage conversion system is configured to generate a voltage to supply power to the electrolyzer modules based on the voltage of the input power supply.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes N switching circuits, each of which is electrically connected to an electrolyzer module; the switching circuits are configured to short-circuit the electrolyzer module in the event of an overvoltage or undervoltage fault, wherein, after at least one electrolyzer module is short-circuited, the switching transistor drive circuit adjusts the duty cycle of the output third drive signal so that the output current of the voltage conversion circuit is less than or equal to the upper limit of the output current of the voltage conversion circuit.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The triangular carrier generation circuit of this application embodiment includes a square wave generating branch, a triangular wave generating branch, a signal following branch, and an inverting branch. The square wave generating branch is configured to input a first square wave signal output by the controller and output a second square wave signal based on the first square wave signal. The positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is greater than the positive voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than the negative voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, and the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than zero. The triangular wave generating branch is configured to generate a triangular wave signal based on the second square wave signal. When the second square wave signal corresponds to a positive voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal increases from the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal; when the second square wave signal corresponds to a negative voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal decreases from the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal. The signal following branch is configured to generate a first discontinuous triangular wave signal based on the triangular wave signal. The first discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the triangular wave signal when its voltage is greater than or equal to zero, and is zero when its voltage is less than zero. The inverting branch is configured to generate a triangular carrier signal by superimposing the inverted result of the triangular wave signal with the first discontinuous triangular wave signal. The inverted result of the triangular wave signal is a second discontinuous triangular wave signal. The second discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero when its voltage is greater than or equal to zero, and is equal to the inverted signal of the triangular wave signal when its voltage is less than zero. Through this process, the corresponding triangular carrier signal can be obtained from the first square wave signal output by the controller. Attached Figure Description

[0016] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the embodiments, and elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are designated as similar elements.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the triangular carrier generation circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of each signal in the triangular carrier generation circuit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the triangular carrier generation circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage conversion system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the voltage conversion circuit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage conversion system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0019] It should be noted that when an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more intermediate elements between them.

[0020] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the block diagram of the triangular carrier generation circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the triangular carrier generation circuit 100 includes a square wave generation branch 110, a triangular wave generation branch 120, a signal following branch 130, and an inverting branch 140.

[0022] Among them, the square wave generating branch 110 is electrically connected to the controller 200, the triangular wave generating branch 120 is electrically connected to the square wave generating branch 110, the signal following branch 130 is electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch 120, and the inverting branch 140 is electrically connected to both the triangular wave generating branch 120 and the signal following branch 130.

[0023] Specifically, the square wave generating branch 110 is configured to input the first square wave signal SW1 output by the controller 200, and output a second square wave signal SW2 based on the first square wave signal SW1. The positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 is greater than the positive voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal SW1, the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 is less than the negative voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal SW1, and the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 is less than zero. The waveforms of the first square wave signal SW1 and the second square wave signal SW2 are shown below. Figure 2 As shown. The triangular wave generating branch 120 is configured to generate a triangular wave signal S2 based on the second square wave signal SW2, wherein when the second square wave signal SW2 corresponds to a positive voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 increases from the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 to the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 (e.g., ...). Figure 2 The waveform diagram shown is from time T3 to time T5. When the second square wave signal SW2 corresponds to a negative voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 decreases from the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 to the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal SW2 (e.g., Figure 2 The waveform diagram shown is for the period from time T1 to time T3. The signal follower branch 130 is configured to generate a first discontinuous triangular wave signal S2 based on the triangular wave signal S2, wherein the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S2 is equal to the triangular wave signal S2 when the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 is greater than or equal to zero (e.g., ...). Figure 2 The waveforms shown are from time T1 to time T2, and from time T4 to time T5. When the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 is less than zero, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S2 is zero (as shown). Figure 2 The waveform diagram shown is for the period from time T2 to time T4. The inverting branch 140 is configured to generate a triangular carrier signal S1 by superimposing the inverted result of the triangular wave signal S2 with the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S2. The inverted result of the triangular wave signal S2 is the second discontinuous triangular wave signal (denoted as S4). The second discontinuous triangular wave signal S4 is zero when the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 is greater than or equal to zero (e.g., ...). Figure 2 The waveforms shown are from time T1 to time T2, and from time T4 to time T5. When the voltage of the triangular wave signal S2 is less than zero, the second discontinuous triangular wave signal S4 is equal to the inverted signal of the triangular wave signal S2 (e.g., Figure 2 The waveform diagram shown is for the period from time T2 to time T4. Figure 2 In the vertical direction, from top to bottom, are the triangular carrier signal S5, the first pulse signal SW1, the second pulse signal SW2, the triangular wave signal S2, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3, the second discontinuous triangular wave signal S4, and the triangular carrier signal S1, which are set inside the controller 200.

[0024] Therefore, in practical applications, the triangular carrier signal S5 set inside the controller 200 can be configured according to requirements to configure the first pulse signal SW1, thereby obtaining the required triangular carrier signal S1.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 An exemplary circuit structure of a triangular carrier generation circuit 100 is shown. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the square wave generating branch 110 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a first comparator U1.

[0026] Wherein, the first end of the first resistor R1 is used to input the first square wave signal SW1, the second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the first comparator U1, the second resistor R2 is electrically connected between the second power supply VC2 and the inverting input of the first comparator U1, the third resistor R3 is electrically connected between the first power supply VC1 and the output of the first comparator U1, and the output of the first comparator U1 is electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch 120.

[0027] Specifically, in controller 200, the frequency of its internal triangular carrier signal (i.e., triangular carrier signal S5) is set to fr1, and the level of the signal output by controller 200 is flipped at the peak point of triangular carrier signal S2 to obtain a first square wave signal SW1 with a frequency of fr2, and fr1 = 2fr2. Since the square wave signal requires two flips (i.e., switching from high level to low level and then from low level to high level) to complete one cycle, while the triangular carrier signal only provides two flip opportunities every two cycles, the frequency fr2 of the first square wave signal SW1 is half the frequency fr1 of the triangular carrier signal, i.e., fr1 = 2fr2.

[0028] The first square wave signal SW1 is input to the non-inverting input of the first comparator U1 through a current-limiting resistor (i.e., the first resistor R1), and the second power supply VC2 is input to the inverting input of the first comparator U1 through a second resistor R2. The first comparator U1 is powered by a dual power supply consisting of the first power supply VC1 and a negative first power supply VC1 (i.e., -VC1). When the first square wave signal SW1 is high, the voltage at the non-inverting input of the first comparator U1 is higher than the voltage at its inverting input, and the output of the first comparator U1 is pulled up to the voltage of the first power supply VC1 through a pull-up current-limiting resistor (i.e., the third resistor R3). When the first square wave signal SW1 is low, the voltage at the non-inverting input of the first comparator U1 is lower than the voltage at its inverting input, and the output of the first comparator U1 is pulled down to -VC1, thus obtaining a second square wave signal SW2 with a frequency of fr2 and a maximum value of VC1 and a minimum value of -VC1.

[0029] In some embodiments, the triangular wave generating branch 120 includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a first capacitor C1, and a first operational amplifier U1.

[0030] The fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected between the square wave generating branch 110 and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1; the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 and ground GND; the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1; the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the sixth resistor R6; and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the signal following branch 130 and the inverting branch 140, respectively.

[0031] Specifically, the second square wave signal SW2 is input into the triangular wave generating branch 120. The first operational amplifier U1 is powered by a dual power supply of VC1 and -VC1. Therefore, by setting the values ​​of the fourth resistor R4, the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6 and the first capacitor C1 in the triangular wave generating branch 120, a triangular wave signal S2 with a frequency of fr2 can be obtained.

[0032] In some embodiments, the signal follower branch 130 includes a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, and a second operational amplifier U3.

[0033] Among them, the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch 120 and the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U3, the eighth resistor R8 is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U3, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the inverting branch 140.

[0034] Specifically, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is obtained from the input signal follower branch 130 of the triangular wave signal S2. Since the second operational amplifier U3 is powered by the single power supply of the first power supply VC1, when the triangular wave signal S2 is less than zero, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is equal to zero; when the triangular wave signal S2 is greater than or equal to zero, the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 = the triangular wave signal S2, and thus the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is obtained.

[0035] In some embodiments, the inverting branch 140 includes a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, and a third operational amplifier U4.

[0036] Among them, the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected between the signal follower branch 130 and the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4, the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch 120 and the inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U4, the eleventh resistor R11 is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the third operational amplifier U4, and the output terminal of the third operational amplifier U4 outputs the triangular carrier signal S1.

[0037] Specifically, the triangular wave signal S2 is input to the inverting input port of the third operational amplifier U4 via a current-limiting resistor (i.e., the tenth resistor R10), and the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is input to the non-inverting input port of the third operational amplifier U4 via a current-limiting resistor (i.e., the ninth resistor R9). This results in a triangular carrier signal S1 being output from the third operational amplifier U4. Because the third operational amplifier U4 is powered by a single power supply VC1, it can only output signals greater than zero. Therefore, when the triangular wave signal S2 is greater than or equal to zero, the output signal after passing through the inverting branch 140 is zero; when the triangular wave signal S2 is less than zero, the output signal after passing through the inverting branch 140 will be the second discontinuous triangular wave signal S4. Meanwhile, when the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is greater than zero, the output of the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 after passing through the inverting branch 140 will be a discontinuous triangular wave signal with a frequency of fr2 and a dead time of 1 / 2fr2; when the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is equal to zero, the output signal of the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 after passing through the inverting branch 140 will be zero. Because the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is greater than zero when the triangular wave signal S2 is greater than zero, and the first discontinuous triangular wave signal S3 is equal to zero when the triangular wave signal S2 is less than zero, the output of the inverting branch 140 will obtain a continuous triangular wave signal with a frequency of 2fr2 (i.e., triangular carrier signal S1). Furthermore, the triangular carrier signal S1 and the triangular carrier signal S2 have the same frequency, the same amplitude, and the same phase, that is, the waveforms of the triangular carrier signal S1 and the triangular carrier signal S2 are the same.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the block diagram of the voltage conversion system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the voltage conversion system 1000 includes a triangular carrier generation circuit 100, a voltage conversion circuit 200, and a switching transistor driving circuit 300 in any embodiment of this application. The voltage conversion circuit 200 includes a first switching transistor Q1.

[0039] The switching transistor drive circuit 300 is electrically connected to the triangular carrier wave generation circuit 100 and the voltage conversion circuit 200, respectively. The voltage conversion circuit 200 is electrically connected to the input power supply VIN. The switching transistor drive circuit 300 is configured to generate a first drive signal based on the output current of the voltage conversion circuit 200 and the triangular carrier wave signal S1, so as to drive the first switching transistor Q1 to turn on or off, thereby enabling the voltage conversion circuit 200 to boost or buck the voltage of the input power supply VIN.

[0040] The voltage conversion circuit 200 is used to convert electrical energy of one voltage level to another voltage level. In a specific embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit 200 is a DC-DC converter, such as a buck converter. Figure 5 An exemplary circuit structure for a voltage conversion circuit 200 is shown. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the voltage conversion circuit 200 includes a first switching transistor Q1, capacitors CA1 and CA2, resistor RA1, diodes DA1 and DA2, and inductor Lr. Capacitor CA1 is electrically connected between the positive terminal DC_IN+ of the input power supply and ground GND. The drain of the first switching transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal DC_IN+ of the input power supply. The gate of the first switching transistor Q1 receives a fourth driving signal GH. The fourth driving signal GH is the signal output by the driver chip after the third driving signal P3 output by the switching transistor driver circuit 100 is input to the driver chip. The fourth driving signal GH is the same as the third driving signal P3, but its driving capability is stronger. Signal HS is a reference ground relative to the fourth driving signal GH. Resistor RA1 is electrically connected between the gate and source of the first switching transistor Q1. Both the anodes of diodes DA1 and DA2 are grounded to GND. The cathode of diode DA1 is electrically connected to the cathode of diode DA2 and the source of the first switching transistor Q1. The first terminal of inductor Lr is electrically connected to the source of the first switching transistor Q1, and the second terminal of inductor Lr is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor CA2. The first terminal of capacitor CA2 is the positive terminal DC_OUT+ of the output power supply, and the second terminal of capacitor CA2 is grounded to GND. The second terminal of capacitor CA2 is the negative terminal DC_OUT- of the output power supply. The output power supply is electrically connected to the load to supply power to the load. The first switching transistor Q1 is controlled by the fourth drive signal GH (which can also be understood as being controlled by the third drive signal P3) to turn on or off, thereby reducing the voltage of the input power supply and supplying power to the load.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the switch drive circuit 300 includes a current sensor 310, a current loop control signal generation circuit 320, a logic control circuit 330, and a controller 200.

[0042] The current sensor 310 is electrically connected to the voltage conversion circuit 200, the current loop control signal generation circuit 320 is electrically connected to the current sensor 310, and the logic control circuit 330 is electrically connected to the controller 200, the current loop control signal generation circuit 320, and the first switching transistor Q1, respectively.

[0043] Specifically, the current sensor 310 is configured to sample the output current of the voltage conversion circuit 200 to output a sampled current. The current loop control signal generation circuit 320 is configured to input the sampled current and a triangular carrier signal S1 into the current loop to generate a first drive signal P1. The controller 200 is configured to output a second drive signal P2. In a specific embodiment, the controller 50 performs PI regulation on the difference between the sampled voltage (the sampled voltage is output by the sampling circuit based on the load voltage) and a preset voltage to generate a voltage regulation signal, and performs pulse width modulation (PWM) operation on the voltage regulation signal and the triangular carrier signal (denoted as S5) to output the second drive signal P2. The specific implementation process of pulse width modulation (PWM) of the voltage regulation signal and the triangular carrier signal S5 is as follows: the voltage regulation signal (i.e., the modulation wave) and the triangular carrier signal S5 are compared in real time. When the voltage of the modulation wave is greater than the voltage of the triangular carrier signal S5, the comparison result is high; when the voltage of the modulation wave is less than or equal to the voltage of the triangular carrier signal S5, the comparison result is low. This converts a continuous analog signal (i.e., the modulation wave) into a discrete, variable-width square wave signal, i.e., a PWM signal. The logic control circuit 330 is configured to output a third drive signal P3 based on the logical AND result of the first drive signal P1 and the second drive signal P2, to drive the first switch Q1.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 10000 includes N electrolyzer modules EM and a voltage conversion system 1000 as described in any embodiment of this application, where N is a positive integer. Each electrolyzer module EM is formed by encapsulating an electrolyzer with a fixed number of membrane electrodes connected in series.

[0045] N electrolytic cell modules EM are connected in series. A voltage conversion system 1000 is electrically connected between the input power supply VIN and the electrolytic cell modules EM. The voltage conversion system 1000 is configured to generate a voltage to power the electrolytic cell modules EM based on the voltage of the input power supply VIN.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 10000 also includes N switching circuits 2000, each of which is electrically connected to an electrolyzer module EM.

[0047] The switching circuit 2000 is configured to short-circuit the electrolytic cell module EM when an overvoltage or undervoltage fault occurs. After at least one electrolytic cell module EM is short-circuited, the switching tube drive circuit 300 adjusts the duty cycle of the output third drive signal P3 so that the output current of the voltage conversion circuit 200 is less than or equal to the upper limit value.

[0048] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

[0049] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Within the framework of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and the steps can be implemented in any order. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A triangular carrier wave generation circuit, characterized in that, include: The square wave generating branch is configured to input the first square wave signal output by the controller, and output a second square wave signal according to the first square wave signal. The positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is greater than the positive voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than the negative voltage corresponding to the first square wave signal, and the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal is less than zero. A triangular wave generating branch, electrically connected to the square wave generating circuit, is configured to generate a triangular wave signal based on the second square wave signal. When the second square wave signal corresponds to a positive voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal increases from the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal. When the second square wave signal corresponds to a negative voltage, the voltage of the triangular wave signal decreases from the positive voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal to the negative voltage corresponding to the second square wave signal. The signal follower branch is electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch and is configured to generate a first discontinuous triangular wave signal based on the triangular wave signal, wherein the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the triangular wave signal when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is greater than or equal to zero, and the first discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero when the voltage of the triangular wave signal is less than zero. An inverting branch, electrically connected to the triangular wave generating branch and the signal following branch respectively, is configured to generate a triangular carrier signal by superimposing the inverted result of the triangular wave signal with the first discontinuous triangular wave signal. The inverted result of the triangular wave signal is a second discontinuous triangular wave signal. When the voltage of the triangular wave signal is greater than or equal to zero, the second discontinuous triangular wave signal is zero. When the voltage of the triangular wave signal is less than zero, the second discontinuous triangular wave signal is equal to the inverted signal of the triangular wave signal.

2. The triangular carrier generation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The square wave generating branch includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first comparator; The first end of the first resistor is used to input the first square wave signal, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the first comparator, the second resistor is electrically connected between the second power supply and the inverting input of the first comparator, the third resistor is electrically connected between the first power supply and the output of the first comparator, and the output of the first comparator is electrically connected to the branch of the triangular wave.

3. The triangular carrier generation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triangular wave generating branch includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first capacitor, and a first operational amplifier; The fourth resistor is electrically connected between the square wave generating branch and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier. The fifth resistor is electrically connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and ground. The sixth resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. The first capacitor is connected in parallel with the sixth resistor. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the signal following branch and the inverting branch, respectively.

4. The triangular carrier generation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal follower branch includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a second operational amplifier; The seventh resistor is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch and the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier, the eighth resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is electrically connected to the inverting branch.

5. The triangular carrier generation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverting branch includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a third operational amplifier; The ninth resistor is electrically connected between the signal follower branch and the non-inverting input of the third operational amplifier; the tenth resistor is electrically connected between the triangular wave generating branch and the inverting input of the third operational amplifier; the eleventh resistor is electrically connected between the inverting input and the output of the third operational amplifier; and the output of the third operational amplifier outputs the triangular carrier signal.

6. A voltage conversion system, characterized in that, It includes a voltage conversion circuit, a switch driving circuit, and a triangular carrier generation circuit as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the voltage conversion circuit includes a first switching transistor; The switch driving circuit is electrically connected to the triangular carrier generation circuit and the voltage conversion circuit, respectively, and the voltage conversion circuit is electrically connected to the input power supply. The switch driving circuit is configured to generate a first driving signal based on the output current of the voltage conversion circuit and the triangular carrier signal to drive the first switch to turn on or off, thereby enabling the voltage conversion circuit to boost or buck the voltage of the input power supply.

7. The voltage conversion system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The switch driving circuit includes: A current sensor, electrically connected to the voltage conversion circuit, is configured to sample the output current of the voltage conversion circuit to output a sampled current; A current loop control signal generation circuit, electrically connected to the current sensor, is configured to input the triangular carrier signal and the sampled current into the current loop to generate a first drive signal; The controller is configured to output a second drive signal; The logic control circuit is electrically connected to the controller, the current loop control signal generation circuit and the first switching transistor, respectively, and is configured to output a third driving signal based on the logical AND result of the first driving signal and the second driving signal to drive the first switching transistor.

8. The voltage conversion system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit is a Buck converter.

9. A water electrolysis hydrogen production system, characterized in that, It includes N electrolytic cell modules and a voltage conversion system as described in any one of claims 6-8, wherein N is a positive integer; N electrolytic cell modules are connected in series, and the voltage conversion system is electrically connected between the input power supply and the electrolytic cell modules. The voltage conversion system is configured to generate a voltage to supply power to the electrolytic cell modules based on the voltage of the input power supply.

10. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes N switching circuits, each of which is electrically connected to an electrolytic cell module; The switching circuit is configured to short-circuit the electrolytic cell module when an overvoltage or undervoltage fault occurs. After at least one electrolytic cell module is short-circuited, the switching transistor drive circuit adjusts the duty cycle of the output third drive signal so that the output current of the voltage conversion circuit is less than or equal to the upper limit of the output current of the voltage conversion circuit.

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