Fire-fighting assembly and nickel-hydrogen energy storage system using the same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fire-fighting assembly and nickel hydrogen energy storage system of application this component, including compound detector, fire extinguisher body, fire-fighting delivery pipe and shower nozzle, compound detector with fire extinguisher body electric connection, fire-fighting delivery pipe connects fire extinguisher body with shower nozzle, compound detector installs in the outside of battery pack, and the shower nozzle points to battery pack, and the fire-fighting delivery pipe is covered or has the branch pipe and is wound, and the branch pipe is a part of liquid cooling assembly. Compared with prior art, the utility model can realize the cooling of fire-fighting pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire protection technology, and in particular to a fire protection component and a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system using the component. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of fire protection for energy storage systems, the cooling and protection of fire-fighting components is a key challenge to ensure fire extinguishing effectiveness. In existing technologies, fire-fighting delivery pipes, as the core transmission path for fire extinguishing agents, directly face the test of high-temperature environments during a fire: the high temperatures generated by the thermal runaway of the battery pack are rapidly conducted to the fire-fighting delivery pipes, causing the pipe material to deform, age, or even rupture due to the high temperature, resulting in leakage of fire extinguishing agents and failure to deliver them to the nozzles; at the same time, high temperatures may change the physicochemical properties of the fire extinguishing agents, reducing their fire extinguishing efficiency or even rendering them ineffective.

[0003] Conventional fire suppression systems lack dedicated cooling mechanisms for delivery pipes, relying solely on the pipes' inherent heat resistance, which is insufficient to handle the instantaneous high temperatures of energy storage systems, especially in high-rate charging and discharging scenarios. Even when some systems attempt to add insulation layers, they can only passively delay heat transfer, failing to actively cool the system and increasing pipe weight and installation complexity.

[0004] These cooling-related defects significantly reduce the reliability of fire suppression components under high-temperature conditions, becoming a major bottleneck restricting the fire safety of energy storage systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire suppression component design that can effectively cool the fire suppression delivery pipes and ensure their stable operation in high-temperature environments. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire-fighting component and a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system using the component, in order to solve the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A fire-fighting assembly includes a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a fire delivery pipe, and a nozzle. The composite detector and the fire extinguisher body are electrically connected. The fire delivery pipe connects the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle. The composite detector is installed on the outside of a battery pack. The nozzle points towards the battery pack. A branch pipe is wrapped or wound around the fire delivery pipe, and the branch pipe is part of a liquid-cooled assembly.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the fire extinguisher body is a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the composite detector integrates four detection elements: CO, VOC, temperature, and smoke.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the branch pipe includes a plurality of sub-pipes, which are arranged in a straight line.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the fire-fighting delivery pipe is a high-pressure flame-retardant hose.

[0011] A nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, including the aforementioned fire-fighting components.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the fire-fighting component of this utility model has the following beneficial effects: On the one hand, the composite detector, installed on the outside of the battery pack, can accurately capture early safety hazard signals (such as CO, VOC, temperature, smoke, etc.) and form an electrical linkage with the fire extinguisher body to ensure a rapid response when a fire occurs, buying time for timely fire suppression. On the other hand, the nozzle design, pointing towards the battery pack, allows the extinguishing agent to act directly on the core risk area, improving the targeting and efficiency of fire suppression and effectively curbing the spread of fire.

[0013] The branch pipes wrapped or coiled around the fire-fighting delivery pipe, as part of the liquid-cooling assembly, actively cool the delivery pipe through the flow of coolant during a fire. This prevents leakage of extinguishing agents due to high-temperature deformation or rupture of the delivery pipe, while also preventing high temperatures from altering the properties of the extinguishing agents and reducing their effectiveness. This ensures the stability of the fire-fighting delivery channel and the effectiveness of the extinguishing agents. This design, which combines fire-fighting functionality with cooling protection, enhances the fire detection and extinguishing capabilities of the battery pack, while also improving operational reliability in extreme environments through cooling protection of the fire-fighting components themselves, thus comprehensively optimizing the fire safety performance of the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the main pipe and branch pipes of a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0015] Figure 2 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a branch pipe in a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0016] Figure 3 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the structure of a small cabinet for implementing a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0017] Figure 4 This invention relates to a structural schematic diagram of an outdoor cabinet for implementing a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0018] Figure 5 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the main regulating section of a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid-cooled unit for a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, which relates to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This invention relates to a communication topology diagram of one embodiment of a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a fire-fighting component according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 This invention relates to a single-line electrical diagram of one embodiment of a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system.

[0023] 1. Battery pack; 2. Main pipe; 3. Adjustment section; 4. Adjustment opening; 5. Gravity block; 6. Connecting ring; 7. Sealing cover; 8. Branch pipe; 9. Sub-pipe; 10. Capacitive sensor; 11. First electrically controlled valve; 12. Second electrically controlled valve; 13. Gas storage container; 14. Gas transmission pipeline; 15. Third electrically controlled valve; 16. Fourth electrically controlled valve; 17. Unit water supply pipeline; 18. Unit water return pipeline; 19. Compressor; 20. Condenser; 21. Electronic expansion valve; 22. Condenser fan; 23. Plate heat exchanger; 24. Electric heater; 25. Circulating water pump; 26. Expansion tank; 27. Temperature sensor; 28. Pressure sensor; 29. ​​Quick-connect chuck. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present utility model, they are protected by patent law. Example

[0026] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, a fire-fighting assembly includes a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a fire delivery pipe, and a nozzle. The composite detector and the fire extinguisher body are electrically connected. The fire delivery pipe connects the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle. The composite detector is installed on the outside of a battery pack. The nozzle points towards the battery pack. A branch pipe 8 is wrapped or coiled around the fire delivery pipe. The branch pipe 8 is part of a liquid-cooled assembly.

[0027] The fire-fighting component of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: On the one hand, the composite detector, installed on the outside of the battery pack, can accurately capture early safety hazard signals (such as CO, VOC, temperature, smoke, etc.) and form an electrical linkage with the fire extinguisher body to ensure a rapid response when a fire occurs, buying time for timely fire suppression. On the other hand, the nozzle design, pointing towards the battery pack, allows the extinguishing agent to act directly on the core risk area, improving the targeting and efficiency of fire suppression and effectively curbing the spread of fire.

[0028] The branch pipes 8, wrapped or coiled around the fire-fighting delivery pipe, serve as part of the liquid-cooling assembly. During a fire, the coolant flow actively cools the delivery pipe, preventing leakage of extinguishing agents due to high-temperature deformation or rupture. It also prevents high temperatures from altering the properties of the extinguishing agents and reducing their effectiveness, ensuring the stability of the fire-fighting delivery channel and the effectiveness of the extinguishing agents. This design, combining fire-fighting functionality with cooling protection, enhances the fire detection and extinguishing capabilities of the battery pack while improving operational reliability in extreme environments through cooling protection of the fire-fighting components themselves, comprehensively optimizing the fire safety performance of the energy storage system.

[0029] The fire extinguisher body is a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device. Perfluorohexanone has high fire extinguishing efficiency, can quickly suppress fires, and is environmentally friendly, causing no damage to the ozone layer and having a low greenhouse potential. The non-pressurized design eliminates the need for high-pressure storage, reducing the risk of device leakage and explosion, making storage and maintenance more convenient, and highly compatible with the safety requirements of energy storage systems, effectively ensuring the fire safety of battery pack 1.

[0030] In this embodiment, the composite detector integrates four detection elements: CO, VOC, temperature, and smoke, thereby enabling the detection of these four elements.

[0031] Furthermore, the branch pipe 8 wound around the fire-fighting delivery pipe includes multiple sub-pipes 9, which are arranged in a straight line. The branch pipe 8, composed of multiple sub-pipes 9 arranged in a straight line, offers significant advantages in both cooling effect and coolant discharge efficiency. From a cooling effect perspective, the slender nature of the sub-pipes 9 allows them to fit more closely to the surface of the object being cooled. Compared to a single, thicker branch pipe 8, this significantly increases the contact area with the object, allowing the coolant to exchange heat more fully with the object as it flows within the sub-pipes 9. This avoids the problems of insufficient heat exchange and poor localized fit that can occur with thicker pipes, thus significantly improving cooling efficiency. It ensures more uniform temperature distribution across the cooled parts, further strengthening the cooling protection of components such as the fire-fighting delivery pipe, and providing a more reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the fire-fighting system in high-temperature environments. From the perspective of coolant discharge, the smaller diameter of the micropipe 9 results in less residual space within the pipe when coolant is discharged using air pressure. This allows the air pressure to act more evenly and thoroughly on the coolant, propelling it along the inner wall of the micropipe 9 and effectively reducing the amount of coolant remaining in the pipe, achieving more complete and exhaustive discharge. This design not only optimizes cooling performance and ensures maximum cooling effect but also improves efficiency in the coolant recovery process, avoiding resource waste. Furthermore, the reduced residual amount lowers the potential risks of corrosion or freezing caused by coolant stagnation in the pipes, extending the service life of the pipes and making the entire system more efficient and stable in the cooling and drainage process. The fire-fighting delivery pipe uses a high-pressure flame-retardant hose to achieve good self-protection. Example

[0032] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a nickel-hydrogen energy storage system includes... Battery pack 1, wherein the battery pack 1 has a space for containing coolant; The fire-fighting assembly includes a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a fire delivery pipe, and a nozzle. The composite detector and the fire extinguisher body are electrically connected. The fire delivery pipe connects the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle. The composite detector is installed on the outside of the battery pack 1, and the nozzle points towards the battery pack 1. The liquid cooling assembly includes a liquid cooling unit and liquid cooling pipes. The liquid cooling pipes include a main pipe 2 and a branch pipe 8. The main pipe 2 connects the liquid cooling unit and the battery pack 1. The two ends of the branch pipe 8 are respectively connected to the main pipe 2. The branch pipe 8 is wrapped around or wrapped around the fire-fighting delivery pipe.

[0033] This embodiment of a string-type submerged nickel-metal hydride energy storage system achieves an organic integration of multiple technological effects through the collaborative design of its components. The liquid cooling component design breaks through the limitations of conventional liquid cooling plates. By directly introducing coolant into the battery pack 1, the cells are completely immersed in the coolant, achieving direct and uniform cooling of all cells. This design solves the problem of low heat exchange efficiency caused by traditional liquid cooling methods, which can only cool cells directly in contact with the liquid cooling plate and require indirect heat transfer between internal cells. It significantly reduces the temperature difference between cells within the battery pack, thereby avoiding phenomena such as inconsistent internal resistance and unbalanced charge-discharge performance caused by uneven temperature. This not only extends the battery's lifespan and reduces the long-term maintenance costs of the system, but also eliminates potential safety hazards caused by localized overheating.

[0034] Meanwhile, in the fire protection system, the composite detector can monitor the fire environment around the battery pack 1 in real time. Once a fire is detected, it can immediately form an electrical linkage with the fire extinguisher body and deliver the extinguishing medium to the nozzle pointing at the battery pack 1 through the fire delivery pipe, so as to quickly and accurately extinguish the fire on the battery pack 1, effectively curb the spread of the fire, and ensure the safety of the system operation.

[0035] The branch pipe 8 in the liquid cooling pipeline further enhances the functionality and reliability of the system. The two ends of the branch pipe 8 are connected to the main pipe 2. By wrapping or winding it around the fire-fighting delivery pipe, the fire-fighting delivery pipe can be efficiently cooled by the flow of coolant in the event of a fire, so as to avoid damage to the fire-fighting delivery pipe due to high temperature, ensure that the fire-fighting system can operate stably in emergency situations, and ensure the smooth delivery of fire-fighting media.

[0036] In addition, branch pipe 8 can be flexibly connected to other components with cooling requirements, further expanding the application range of the cooling system, improving the cooling efficiency and adaptability of the entire system, and enabling the energy storage system to form synergistic advantages in terms of performance, safety and function expansion, thus comprehensively optimizing the overall performance of the energy storage system.

[0037] Furthermore, a first electrically controlled valve 11 and a second electrically controlled valve 12 are respectively provided at both ends of the branch pipe 8 to control the on / off state of the branch pipe 8, thereby controlling whether coolant is introduced into the branch pipe 8 according to different alarm levels. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are two alarm levels: a first-level alarm and a second-level alarm. A first-level alarm indicates a safety hazard, and a second-level alarm indicates an actual fire. The first electrically controlled valve 11 and the second electrically controlled valve 12 at both ends of the branch pipe 8 can precisely control the on / off state of the branch pipe 8 to adapt to the coolant supply requirements under different alarm levels and achieve flexible allocation of cooling resources. When the system triggers a first-level alarm, that is, when a safety hazard is detected, the two electrically controlled valves are opened to pre-introduce coolant into the branch pipe 8 to prepare for possible emergencies and ensure that the fire-fighting delivery pipe is in a good pre-cooled state. If the alarm is subsequently cleared, the valves are closed and the coolant in the branch pipe 8 is drained, allowing the coolant to be used entirely for cooling the battery pack 1, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and improving the operating efficiency of the cooling system. When a level-two alarm is triggered, confirming a real fire, the fire extinguisher body is activated to spray fire extinguishing agent into the nozzles through the fire delivery pipe. Simultaneously, the first and second electrically controlled valves 11 and 12 remain open, ensuring a continuous flow of coolant through branch pipe 8. This continuously cools the fire delivery pipe, effectively preventing damage due to high temperatures during a fire, ensuring a stable supply of extinguishing agents, and guaranteeing efficient execution of the fire extinguishing action. This design, which dynamically adjusts the on / off state of branch pipe 8 based on the alarm level, meets the cooling needs under different emergency conditions, achieves rational resource utilization, and further enhances the safety and economy of the entire energy storage system.

[0038] To maintain the system's airtightness and achieve smooth internal circulation, the liquid cooling assembly also includes a gas storage device. This device comprises a gas storage container 13 and a gas delivery pipe 14. The gas storage container 13 is mounted on the gas delivery pipe 14, and both ends of the gas delivery pipe 14 are connected to the branch pipe 8. A third electrically controlled valve 15 and a fourth electrically controlled valve 16 are respectively installed at both ends of the gas delivery pipe 14. Through the coordinated action of the gas storage container 13, the gas delivery pipe 14, and the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16, a linkage mechanism is formed with the branch pipe 8 and the first and second electrically controlled valves 12, effectively ensuring the system's airtightness while simultaneously achieving precise control and efficient flow of the coolant within the branch pipe 8. Initially, the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 are open while the first and second electrically controlled valves 12 are closed, creating an annular channel between the branch pipe 8 and the gas delivery pipe 14, which communicates with the gas storage container 13, laying a sealed foundation for the subsequent entry and exit of the coolant. When a Level 1 alarm is triggered, the first, third, and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 open while the second electrically controlled valve 12 closes. Coolant enters the branch pipe 8 from the main pipe 2. With the help of the delivery pressure, the gas in the branch pipe 8 is squeezed into the gas delivery pipeline 14 and finally stored in the gas storage container 13. After the branch pipe 8 is filled with coolant, the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 16 are closed to seal the gas in the gas delivery pipeline 14. Then, the second electrically controlled valve 12 is opened to allow the coolant to flow in the branch pipe 8. This ensures the pre-cooling preparation of the fire-fighting delivery pipe during a Level 1 alarm and avoids coolant leakage through the closed channel design, maintaining the smooth circulation within the system. When the Level 1 alarm is cleared and does not escalate to Level 2, after a preset 10-minute period, the system controls the first electrically controlled valve 11 to close, while simultaneously opening the second, third, and fourth electrically controlled valves 16. Utilizing the gas pressure stored in the gas pipeline 14, the coolant in the branch pipe 8 is rapidly discharged. After the coolant is completely discharged, the second electrically controlled valve 12 is closed. This process not only achieves efficient coolant recovery through gas pressure, allowing the coolant to be reused for cooling the battery pack 1 and avoiding resource waste, but also simplifies the operation process through orderly valve control, eliminating the need for additional power devices to complete the coolant discharge and improving the convenience of system control. Overall, the coordination between the gas storage device and the various electrically controlled valves ensures system tightness to maintain smooth internal circulation while achieving precise control of the coolant flow in and out of the branch pipe 8 under different operating conditions. This meets the cooling requirements under different alarm levels and improves the system's operating efficiency and economy through gas pressure drive and valve regulation, further optimizing the stability and adaptability of the entire energy storage system.

[0039] To maintain system stability, during the coolant entry into branch pipe 8, the opening of the first electrically controlled valve 11 is gradually increased, allowing the coolant to flow into branch pipe 8 smoothly. This avoids the impact on the pipeline caused by a sudden surge of large amounts of coolant, effectively reducing the risk of pipeline damage due to sudden stress and providing good pipeline protection. Simultaneously, this gradual opening adjustment makes the coolant flow from the main pipe 2 to branch pipe 8 more gradual, preventing abrupt fluctuations in flow rate from interfering with the overall stability of the cooling system. This ensures a smooth transition of parameters such as pressure and flow rate within the cooling system, avoiding large fluctuations that could affect normal cooling performance. During the coolant discharge from branch pipe 8, the openings of the third and fourth electrically controlled valves 15 and 16 are gradually increased, allowing the gas pressure in the gas delivery pipe 14 to gradually intervene. This makes the process of gas pressure driving the coolant out more smooth, avoiding sudden pressure changes in the pipeline caused by a large release of gas pressure, thus effectively reducing system fluctuations. This precise control of valve opening ensures a smooth transition during both the inflow and outflow of coolant. This not only protects the pipelines and related components, extending their service life, but more importantly, it ensures the stable operation of the entire energy storage system during coolant regulation. It also prevents adverse effects on the charging and discharging performance of the nickel-metal hydride batteries, the cooling effect, and the response reliability of the fire-fighting components caused by system fluctuations, further enhancing the overall stability and safety of the system.

[0040] In this embodiment, nitrogen is stored in the gas storage container 13. Nitrogen has good stability, which prevents it from mixing with the coolant or producing harmful substances during the coolant discharge process. This ensures that the purity of the coolant is not affected, facilitates coolant recycling, and maintains the high-efficiency cooling performance of the cooling system. Furthermore, even in high-temperature environments that may occur in the system, nitrogen will not decompose or expand abnormally due to temperature increases, maintaining a stable pressure. This ensures the controllability and continuity of the pressure during coolant discharge, guaranteeing that the coolant can be smoothly and completely discharged from the branch pipe 8, avoiding problems such as incomplete drainage or pipe impact caused by unstable pressure.

[0041] The branch pipe 8 includes multiple sub-pipes 9 arranged in a straight line. This design, consisting of multiple sub-pipes 9 arranged in a straight line, offers significant advantages in both cooling effect and coolant discharge efficiency. From a cooling effect perspective, the slender nature of the sub-pipes 9 allows them to fit more closely to the surface of the object being cooled. Compared to a single, thicker branch pipe 8, this significantly increases the contact area with the object, allowing for more thorough heat exchange between the coolant and the object as it flows within the sub-pipes 9. This avoids the problems of insufficient heat exchange and poor localized contact that can occur with thicker pipes, thus significantly improving cooling efficiency. It ensures more uniform temperature distribution across the cooled components and further strengthens the cooling protection of components such as fire-fighting delivery pipes, providing a more reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the fire-fighting system in high-temperature environments. From the perspective of coolant discharge, the smaller diameter of the micropipe 9 results in less residual space within the pipe when coolant is discharged using air pressure. This allows the air pressure to act more evenly and thoroughly on the coolant, propelling it along the inner wall of the micropipe 9 and effectively reducing the amount of coolant remaining in the pipe, achieving more complete and exhaustive discharge. This design not only optimizes cooling performance and ensures maximum cooling effect but also improves efficiency in the coolant recovery process, avoiding resource waste. Furthermore, the reduced residual amount lowers the potential risks of corrosion or freezing caused by coolant stagnation in the pipes, extending the service life of the pipes and making the entire system more efficient and stable in the cooling and drainage process.

[0042] A capacitive sensor 10 is installed at the end of the branch pipe 8 to sense the state of the substance in the branch pipe 8. The capacitive sensor 10 at the end of the branch pipe 8 can accurately sense the presence of coolant in the branch pipe 8 and monitor the substance's state in real time. This feature provides timely feedback on the coolant's fullness or emptying, providing accurate data for the opening and closing of the electronically controlled valves, ensuring precise and controllable coolant flow and discharge.

[0043] Furthermore, the main pipe 2 is provided with an adjustment section 3, and the adjustment section 3 has at least one adjustment opening 4, in which a gravity block 5 is provided. When coolant enters the branch pipe 8, the gravity block 5 gradually descends, occupying more of the internal space of the main pipe 2, thereby reducing the effective capacity of the main pipe 2 and avoiding pressure imbalance caused by a sudden decrease in coolant flow in the main pipe 2 due to the branch pipe 8 diverting the flow, thus ensuring the stability of coolant delivery from the main pipe 2 to the battery pack 1. When coolant is discharged from the branch pipe 8, the gravity block 5 gradually rises, reducing its occupation of the internal space of the main pipe 2 and increasing the effective capacity of the main pipe 2 to adapt to the flow changes caused by coolant backflow, thus avoiding excessive pressure in the main pipe 2. This design of the gravity block 5, which automatically adjusts according to the coolant flow state, can achieve adaptive adjustment of the capacity of the main pipe 2 through the balance of its own gravity and liquid flow pressure without the need for additional power drive. It effectively buffers the fluctuations in flow and pressure of the main pipe 2 caused by the coolant entering and exiting the branch pipe 8, ensuring the stable operation of the entire liquid cooling system.

[0044] To achieve a closed opening, a connecting ring 6 is provided on the adjusting opening, and a sealing cap 7 is provided on the connecting ring 6. The sealing cap 7 is threadedly connected to the connecting ring 6. The threaded connection between the connecting ring 6 and the sealing cap 7 on the adjusting opening reliably seals the opening, effectively preventing coolant leakage from the adjusting opening during flow within the main pipe 2. This ensures the airtightness of the liquid cooling system, guarantees smooth coolant circulation along the designed path, and maintains stable system pressure. Simultaneously, the threaded connection facilitates the disassembly and installation of the sealing cap 7, providing convenience for maintenance operations such as inspection and replacement of the gravity block 5. This ensures both the reliability of the sealing effect and the ease of system maintenance.

[0045] In this embodiment, the fire extinguisher body is a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device. Perfluorohexanone has high fire extinguishing efficiency, can quickly suppress fires, and is environmentally friendly, causing no damage to the ozone layer and having a low greenhouse potential. The non-pressurized design eliminates the need for high-pressure storage, reducing the risk of device leakage and explosion, making storage and maintenance more convenient, and highly compatible with the safety requirements of energy storage systems, effectively ensuring the fire safety of battery pack 1.

[0046] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling unit includes a unit water supply pipe 17, a unit return water pipe 18, a compressor 19, a condenser 20, an electronic expansion valve 21, a condensing fan 22, a plate heat exchanger 23, an electric heater 24, a circulating water pump 25, an expansion tank 26, a return water pressure sensor 28, a temperature sensor 27, a pressure sensor 28, and a quick-connect chuck 29. The main pipe 2 is connected to the unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit return water pipe 18 via the quick-connect chuck 29. The unit water supply pipe 17 and the unit return water pipe 18 are connected to the plate heat exchanger 23. A plate heat exchanger 23 forms a circulation loop. Temperature sensor 27 and pressure sensor 28 are respectively installed on the unit's water supply pipe 17 and return pipe 18. Circulating water pump 25 and expansion tank 26 are located on the unit's return pipe 18. Electric heater 24 is connected to the unit's water supply pipe 17 and return pipe 18. Condenser 20, compressor 19, plate heat exchanger 23, and electronic expansion valve 21 are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop. Condensing fan 22 is installed corresponding to condenser 20. The liquid-cooled unit achieves efficient temperature control and energy exchange through two major circulation loops. In the refrigeration cycle, compressor 19 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas and discharges it into condenser 20; condenser fan 22 accelerates airflow, causing the refrigerant to release heat and liquefy in condenser 20; the liquid refrigerant enters plate heat exchanger 23 after being throttled and depressurized by electronic expansion valve 21, where it absorbs heat from the coolant and vaporizes, thus cooling the coolant; the vaporized refrigerant is then drawn back into compressor 19, forming a closed-loop cycle.

[0047] In the cooling cycle, the circulating water pump 25 drives the coolant from the unit's return water pipe 18 into the plate heat exchanger 23. After exchanging heat with the refrigerant, the coolant's temperature decreases, and it is then transported to the main pipe 2 via the unit's supply water pipe 17, entering the battery pack 1 for cooling. The coolant, having absorbed heat, flows back from the unit's return water pipe 18, forming a cycle. The expansion tank 26 is used to balance system pressure fluctuations and ensure stable circulation. The electric heater 24 can heat the coolant in low-temperature environments, maintaining the system temperature within a suitable range. Temperature sensors 27 and pressure sensors 28 monitor coolant parameters in real time, providing data support for system control. The quick-connect chuck 29 facilitates the rapid connection and disconnection of the main pipe 2 and the unit, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0048] This design enables the liquid cooling unit to precisely control the coolant temperature, ensuring that battery pack 1 operates within its optimal operating temperature range and effectively extending battery life. The high heat exchange efficiency improves the system response speed, meeting the requirements of high-rate charging and discharging. The independent operation of the dual cycles, while cooperating with each other, enhances the system's stability and reliability. The modular structure and intelligent monitoring reduce maintenance difficulty and costs, comprehensively optimizing the overall performance of the energy storage system.

[0049] The string-type submersible nickel-hydrogen energy storage system of this embodiment also has the following configuration: The nickel-metal hydride battery energy storage system includes a battery compartment, an electrical compartment, a PCS compartment, and a liquid-cooled unit compartment. The main components include battery packs, battery racks, and battery containers. The battery packs are assembled to form battery racks, with each pack containing nickel-metal hydride batteries. The nominal voltage is 1.2V, the nominal capacity is 6000mAh, and the AC internal resistance is 1.0mΩ. The battery pack is a 288S3P specification, with a voltage of 345.6V, a capacity of 18Ah, and an energy of 6.22kWh. The battery racks are a 2S1P specification, with each rack equipped with one 115KWPCS unit. The PCS DC voltage range is DC630-950V, and the AC side is AC400V, with a 3L+PE wiring method. Its AC side is connected to the grid after passing through a circuit breaker. The battery stack is a 1S8p configuration. The battery compartment of the energy storage system is a non-standard modular cabinet (4.200mm×1500mm×2500mm, WDH), equipped with waterproof, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, fireproof, sand-blocking, shockproof, and UV-resistant functions, achieving an IP54 protection rating. Simultaneously, the system is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), an EMS, and a perfluorohexanone fire suppression system to prevent overcharging and discharging of the batteries, achieving effective management of battery charging and discharging, and ensuring stable and reliable operation of the battery system. In terms of operation strategy, the BMS protection logic is as follows: when an alarm occurs in a battery cluster, the BMS will control corresponding actions. A level 1 alarm triggers a warning; a level 2 alarm reduces power; and a level 3 alarm causes the system to shut down. The BMS communicates with the PCS via CAN, with the EMU via RS485, and with the battery BMS module within the system via CAN. Battery voltage is input to the BMS module via a data acquisition harness. The PCS protection logic includes: shutting down and reporting a fault signal to the EMU when a PCS malfunctions; zero-power output when the available SOC uploaded by the BMS to the PCS is lower than a set value; and shutting down upon receiving an external shutdown command. Every four PCS units form a unit, communicating and interacting internally via CAN and RS485. As the system's communication hub, the EMU connects to all communication devices via Ethernet and serial ports, communicating with other system equipment to achieve reliable, reasonable, and comprehensive monitoring, measurement, and control of the energy storage power station. It possesses remote sensing, remote adjustment, and remote control functions, and can perform information acquisition, information processing and summarization, alarm protection, automatic control, historical data recording, and event logging. It also supports demand control mode, peak-valley mode, and planned curve mode. The EMU can convert other power system protocols into protocols recognizable by the backend and parse and display them. It enables information transmission and synthesis between various automation devices, intelligent instruments, and the system's main computer. It can also be used as a central control substation and front-end unit for integrated automation systems, suitable for various scenarios such as cloud platforms and microgrids. In terms of fire protection, the fire suppression system includes a fire alarm controller, detection modules, fire suppression actuators, fire extinguishing agent delivery pipelines, nozzles, and detection / main control wiring harnesses, enabling low-power real-time monitoring, accurate early warning, and timely intervention in fire suppression. One fire alarm controller is installed inside the cabinet to receive detector data and upload it to the BMS and linked fire suppression devices based on the detection results. The detection devices are divided into battery pack level and cabinet level, both consisting of composite detectors integrating four detection elements: CO, VOC, temperature, and smoke. The battery pack level detectors are external, installed on the outside of the battery pack; the cabinet level detectors are installed on the top of the battery pack area. When the composite detector detects a fire hazard, it triggers an alarm signal and reports to the fire alarm controller, which then activates the fire extinguishing system. The execution subsystem employs in-cabinet and in-battery pack fire extinguishing methods, consisting of a fire extinguishing actuator, a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device, battery pack level nozzles, suppression piping, and auxiliary accessories. The fire extinguishing actuator is installed above the batteries in the battery cabinet. The in-cabinet fire extinguishing device is a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device. The battery pack level nozzles are directly installed on the outside of the battery pack, with the nozzles facing inwards. The execution subsystem is a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device that discharges once inside the cabinet and multiple times inside the battery pack.Its alarm and activation logic is as follows: When the four-in-one composite detector in the cabinet sends a Level 1 alarm signal, the detector increases its sampling frequency, and the fire alarm controller uploads the Level 1 alarm information via CAN; upon receiving a Level 2 alarm signal, the fire alarm controller initiates the fire extinguishing process and activates the non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device. When the battery pack-level composite detector reaches Level 0 alarm, the detector increases its sampling frequency, the controller records the alarm information, and there is no external signal output; when a Level 1 alarm is reached, the location of the safety hazard is determined, the fire alarm controller issues a warning and transmits the data to the BMS system; when a Level 2 alarm is reached, the fire alarm controller initiates the fire extinguishing program, activating the suppression device within 0-30 seconds (time adjustable), and spraying perfluorohexanone agent three times on the battery cluster according to the set program. Specifically, in the first stage, one spray is made, releasing 1 kg of extinguishing agent and then stopping; in the second stage, one spray is made every 15 minutes for the next 30 minutes, releasing 1 kg of extinguishing agent each time, for a total of two sprays. In addition, the energy storage cabinet adopts an external maintenance mode and has two clusters, with a total of eight battery packs in each cluster. The liquid cooling circuit adopts a parallel connection, and the two adjacent battery packs adopt a series connection. Each branch is independently monitored by a flow meter to ensure that the flow rate and flow of coolant in each battery pack are balanced. The table below shows the fire alarm level logic. The following table is the logic table for PACK-level fire alarm levels: The insulation detection device detects leakage current and insulation conditions on the AC side of the system. It communicates with the EMU (Electronic Management Unit). Its protection logic is a two-level alarm classification. In severe cases (alarm), the system shuts down and uploads an alarm signal. After triggering, the information is transmitted to the EMU via R485 communication, and a passive contact signal is output to the system status indicator. The water ingress detection device detects water ingress on the system's busbar side. It communicates with the EMU. After water immersion is triggered, the information is transmitted to the EMU via R485 communication, and a passive contact signal is output to the system status indicator. The EMU then reports an alarm signal. The dehumidifier detects the environmental conditions of the copper busbar compartment in the system's busbar side distribution room. It communicates with the EMU. A dehumidifier is installed in the busbar compartment, but not in the battery compartment. After the unit's set temperature and humidity action values ​​are triggered, the information is transmitted to the EMU via R485 communication, and the EMU reports an alarm signal. Its protection logic is that the software reports alarm information in case of abnormality or fault. It reserves protection threshold settings and supports writing the set parameters to Flash (retained after power failure). The meter communicates with the EMU via RS485. In case of abnormality or fault, the software reports alarm (fault) information. Its DI and DO interfaces are only reserved. Wireless temperature measurement is used to measure the busbar temperature. When the temperature reaches 40 degrees, the dehumidifier controls the exhaust fan. When the temperature reaches 60 degrees for 30 seconds, the EMU reduces the system power. When the temperature reaches 80 degrees for 10 seconds, the system shuts down. In terms of power system composition, eight clusters are grouped together. Each cluster is connected to the PCS after passing through a high-voltage box. The output of the eight PCS in parallel is connected to the circuit breaker via copper busbars and then to the power grid via a transformer.

[0050] The above description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to the embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire-fighting component, characterized in that, The device includes a composite detector, a fire extinguisher body, a fire delivery pipe, and a nozzle. The composite detector and the fire extinguisher body are electrically connected. The fire delivery pipe connects the fire extinguisher body and the nozzle. The composite detector is installed on the outside of the battery pack. The nozzle points towards the battery pack. The fire delivery pipe is covered or wrapped with a branch pipe, which is part of the liquid cooling assembly.

2. The fire-fighting component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguisher body is a non-pressurized perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device.

3. The fire-fighting component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite detector integrates four detection elements: CO, VOC, temperature, and smoke.

4. A fire-fighting component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch pipe includes multiple sub-pipes, which are arranged in a straight line.

5. A fire-fighting component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire-fighting delivery pipe is a high-pressure flame-retardant hose.

6. A nickel-hydrogen energy storage system, characterized in that, The fire-fighting components include any one of claims 1 to 5.

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