Hydrogen production device and system for hydrogen refueling station

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pry installation miniaturization cracking hydrogen production device and system for hydrogenation station, solve the problem that carbon accumulation in prior art on the surface of catalyst influences methane cracking efficiency. The utility model discloses a reactor, be located in the catalyst of reactor, with the gas -solid separation equipment of reactor gas end connection, with the heat exchanger of gas -solid separation equipment connection, with the gas separator of heat exchanger hot end connection, respectively with the methane collection mechanism and hydrogen storage tank of gas separator connection, with the gas inlet mechanism of methane collection mechanism connection, be located in the reactor and with hydrogen storage tank connection's removal mechanism and the control mechanism outside the reactor and respectively with methane collection mechanism, gas inlet mechanism, removal mechanism connection. Removal mechanism carries out blowing to solid carbon in the reactor through hydrogen, makes it enter gas -solid separation equipment, thereby improves the cracking efficiency of methane, to this improves the production efficiency of hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production equipment, specifically relating to a skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production device and system for hydrogen refueling stations. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydrogen production technology mainly utilizes fossil fuels (such as coal and natural gas) to produce hydrogen. Specific methods include coal gasification, methane reforming (steam reforming and autothermal reforming), naphtha reforming, and industrial by-product gas production. The hydrogen produced by these methods is known as "grey hydrogen," and their preparation processes involve environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emissions. New hydrogen production technologies mainly include renewable energy hydrogen production, thermochemical hydrogen production, nuclear hydrogen production, and bio-hydrogen production. Among these, methane cracking hydrogen production technology involves decomposing methane gas into hydrogen and solid carbon at high temperatures. Methane cracking hydrogen production has many advantages over traditional hydrogen production methods. First, its hydrogen production efficiency is over 95%, far exceeding other hydrogen production methods. Second, methane cracking hydrogen production avoids the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, offering significant environmental advantages. In existing cracking units, during hydrogen production, the catalyst in the reactor undergoes a cracking reaction as it comes into contact with methane gas. During the cracking process, a carbon layer gradually forms on the catalyst surface. As the carbon layer accumulates, the methane gas cannot come into contact with the molten catalyst, which reduces the catalyst's catalytic efficiency and thus the methane cracking rate, thereby reducing hydrogen production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This utility model provides a skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production device and system for hydrogen refueling stations, in order to at least solve some of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations includes a reactor, a catalyst located inside the reactor, a gas-solid separation device connected to the reactor outlet for separating solid carbon and gas, a heat exchanger connected to the gas-solid separation device, a gas separator connected to the heat exchanger hot end for separating hydrogen and methane gas, a methane collection mechanism and a hydrogen storage tank connected to the gas separator, an inlet mechanism connected to the methane collection mechanism, a removal mechanism located inside the reactor and connected to the hydrogen storage tank for removing solid carbon from the catalyst, and a control mechanism located outside the reactor and connected to the methane collection mechanism, the inlet mechanism, and the removal mechanism.

[0005] Furthermore, a hydrogen delivery pipe is provided between the hydrogen storage tank and the gas separator. The purging mechanism includes a first heat insulation plate and a second heat insulation plate located inside the reactor, a guide plate located between the first heat insulation plate and the second heat insulation plate and corresponding to the gas outlet of the reactor, and a blowing mechanism located on the guide plate and connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe for blowing off solid carbon.

[0006] Furthermore, the guide plate is provided with several air blowing holes, and the air blowing mechanism includes an air blowing pipe with one end sealed inside the reactor and connected to the air blowing holes, and the other end connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe, a high-pressure gas storage chamber on the air blowing pipe, an air blowing pump on the air blowing pipe, and a first preheater on the air blowing pipe for heating hydrogen; a first check valve is provided on the hydrogen delivery pipe and the air blowing pipe respectively; the air blowing pump, the first preheater and the first check valve are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-pressure gas storage chamber is equipped with a sliding seal first piston, and the high-pressure gas storage chamber is equipped with a contact switch for opening or closing the first one-way valve; the contact switch is connected to the control mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the blowing pipe includes a first connecting pipe with its two ends connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber and the hydrogen delivery pipe, respectively; a second connecting pipe with one end connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber and the other end connected to the cold end of the first preheater; a gas distribution pipe connected to the hot end of the first preheater and located between the first heat insulation plate and the second heat insulation plate; and a gas nozzle with one end connected to the gas distribution pipe and the other end connected to the blowing hole; the blowing pump is installed on the second connecting pipe; and the first one-way valve is installed on the first connecting pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas intake mechanism includes a methane delivery pipe with one end connected to the methane storage mechanism and an external methane gas source, and the other end connected to the reactor; a second preheater installed on the methane delivery pipe for preheating the methane; and a gas delivery pump and a first gas flow meter installed on the methane delivery pipe; the gas delivery pump and the first gas flow meter are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the methane delivery pipe includes a first inlet pipe with both ends connected to the methane storage mechanism and the cold end of the heat exchanger, a second inlet pipe with both ends connected to the first inlet pipe and an external methane gas source, a fifth inlet pipe with one end connected to the hot end of the heat exchanger and the other end connected to the cold end of the second preheater, and a third inlet pipe with one end connected to the hot end of the second preheater and the other end connected to the reactor; the second inlet pipe is equipped with a second one-way valve for controlling the methane gas flow rate, and a gas delivery pump and a first gas flow meter are installed on the second inlet pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas separator is provided with a fourth inlet pipe, and the methane storage mechanism includes a methane collection box connected to the fourth inlet pipe and the inlet mechanism respectively, and a piston that is slidably sealed in the methane collection box; the fourth inlet pipe is provided with a second gas flow meter connected to the control mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the control mechanism includes a control box and a microcontroller located inside the control box and connected to the methane collection mechanism, the gas intake mechanism, and the purging mechanism, respectively.

[0013] A skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production system for hydrogen refueling stations includes a circulation pipe and a heater located in the reactor for heating the catalyst and methane. The circulation pipe includes a first circulation pipe connected between the reactor and the gas-solid separation device, a second circulation pipe located between the gas-solid separation device and the heat exchanger, and a third circulation pipe located between the heat exchanger and the gas separator.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This utility model has a simple structure, a scientific and reasonable design, and is easy to use. The methane collection mechanism of this utility model can detect the flow rate of uncracked methane and transmit the detection result to the control mechanism. When the flow rate of uncracked methane is greater than the preset value, it indicates that solid carbon is covered on the catalyst. Then, the control mechanism controls the cleaning mechanism to operate. The cleaning mechanism uses hydrogen to blow away the solid carbon in the reactor and let it enter the gas-solid separation equipment, thereby improving the cracking efficiency of methane and thus improving the production efficiency of hydrogen.

[0015] When there is sufficient uncracked methane in the methane collection box of this invention, the spring-loaded one-way valve is in the closed state. When there is less uncracked methane in the methane collection box, the negative pressure in the first inlet pipe increases, thereby causing the second one-way valve to open. Methane from the external methane gas source then enters the first inlet pipe through the second inlet pipe, thereby reducing the amount of methane used and saving hydrogen production costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gas distribution tube of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure gas storage chamber of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a control block diagram of the present invention.

[0022] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Reactor; 2. Catalyst; 3. Gas-solid separation equipment; 4. Heat exchanger; 5. Gas separator; 6. Hydrogen storage tank; 7. Hydrogen delivery pipe; 8. First heat insulation plate; 9. Second heat insulation plate; 10. Guide plate; 11. Air blowing port; 12. High-pressure gas storage chamber; 13. Air blowing pump; 14. First preheater; 15. First one-way valve; 16. First piston; 17. Contact switch; 18. First connecting pipe; 19. Second connecting pipe; 20. Gas distribution pipe; 21. Gas nozzle; 22. Methane delivery pipe; 23. ... 24. Gas transfer pump; 25. First gas flow meter; 26. First inlet pipe; 27. Second inlet pipe; 28. Third inlet pipe; 29. ​​Second check valve; 30. Fourth inlet pipe; 31. Methane collection tank; 32. Piston; 33. Second gas flow meter; 34. Control box; 35. Microcontroller; 36. Heater; 37. First circulation pipe; 38. Second circulation pipe; 39. Third circulation pipe; 40. Fifth inlet pipe; 41. Third check valve; 42. Catalyst input pipe; 43. Catalyst discharge pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; of course, they can also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; furthermore, they can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Example

[0026] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production device for hydrogen refueling stations provided by this utility model includes a reactor 1, a catalyst 2 disposed within the reactor 1, a gas-solid separation device 3 connected to the gas outlet of the reactor 1 for separating solid carbon and gas, a heat exchanger 4 connected to the gas-solid separation device 3, a gas separator 5 connected to the hot end of the heat exchanger 4 for separating hydrogen and methane gas, a methane collection mechanism and a hydrogen storage tank 6 respectively connected to the gas separator 5, an inlet mechanism connected to the methane collection mechanism, a removal mechanism disposed within the reactor 1 and connected to the hydrogen storage tank 6 for removing solid carbon from the catalyst 2, and a control mechanism outside the reactor 1 and respectively connected to the methane collection mechanism, the inlet mechanism, and the removal mechanism.

[0027] In this invention, reactor 1 is equipped with a heater 36 connected to a control mechanism. An inner liner is located in the middle of the heater 36. A catalytic injection pipe 42 is positioned on reactor 1 opposite to the inner liner. A catalytic discharge pipe 43, connected to the inner liner, is located at the bottom of reactor 1. A fourth one-way valve is installed on the catalytic discharge pipe 43 to control the discharge of catalyst from the inner liner. (The method of catalyst injection and discharge in this invention is a conventional design.) The catalytic discharge pipe 43 facilitates the discharge of catalyst from reactor 1, thus facilitating maintenance of reactor 1. Catalyst 2 is placed inside the inner liner through the catalytic injection pipe 42, allowing the heater 36 to heat the catalyst 2 and methane gas, causing the methane gas to crack and produce hydrogen and solid carbon.

[0028] In this invention, although the connection between the gas-solid separation device 3 and the heat exchanger 4 will cause the heat exchanger 4 to lose some heat, the gas-solid separation device 3 can reduce the risk of solid carbon clogging the heat exchanger 4 pipes during use, extend the service life of the heat exchanger 4, and reduce the maintenance cost of the heat exchanger 4.

[0029] When using this invention, the catalyst 2 is placed on the inner liner, and the heater 36 is started to heat the catalyst 2. When the catalyst 2 is heated to the required temperature, methane enters the reactor 1 through the bottom of the reactor 1 to carry out the catalytic cracking reaction. The methane entering from the bottom of the reactor 1 allows the methane to fully contact the catalyst 2, thereby improving the methane cracking efficiency and increasing the hydrogen production efficiency.

[0030] The gas-solid separation device 3 separates solid carbon, hydrogen, and uncracked methane. Solid carbon is discharged from the bottom of the gas-solid separation device 3, while hydrogen and uncracked methane enter the hot end of the heat exchanger 4 from the exhaust end of the gas-solid separation device 3. The heat exchanger 4 uses the high-temperature hydrogen and uncracked methane to preheat the methane in the cold end of the heat exchanger 4, thereby increasing the temperature of the methane in the inlet mechanism. Simultaneously, it also lowers the temperature of the hydrogen and uncracked methane. The hydrogen and uncracked methane then enter the gas separator 5 through the heat exchanger 4. The gas separator 5 separates the hydrogen and uncracked methane, allowing the hydrogen to enter the hydrogen storage tank 6 or... The gas is purged to facilitate hydrogen storage and to provide purging gas for removing solid carbon from reactor 1. Uncracked methane enters the methane collection mechanism through gas separator 5. The methane collection mechanism can also detect the flow rate of uncracked methane and transmit the detection results to the control mechanism. This allows the control mechanism to determine whether the purging mechanism needs to remove solid carbon from the catalyst based on the flow rate of uncracked methane, thereby improving the methane cracking efficiency and thus increasing the hydrogen production efficiency. Example

[0031] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, a hydrogen delivery pipe 7 is provided between the hydrogen storage tank 6 and the gas separator 5. The purging mechanism includes a first heat insulation plate 8 and a second heat insulation plate 9 provided in the reactor 1, a guide plate 10 provided between the first heat insulation plate 8 and the second heat insulation plate 9 and corresponding to the gas outlet end of the reactor 1, and a blowing mechanism provided on the guide plate 10 and connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 for blowing off solid carbon.

[0032] In this embodiment, the hydrogen separated from the hydrogen storage tank 6 enters the blowing mechanism or the hydrogen storage tank 6 through the hydrogen delivery pipe 7. When it is necessary to remove the solid carbon in the reactor 1, the blowing mechanism discharges the hydrogen through the guide plate 10, thereby blowing off the solid carbon on the catalyst 2.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first heat insulation plate 8 and the second heat insulation plate 9 facilitate the installation and positioning of the guide plate 10. At the same time, the cooperation of the first heat insulation plate 8, the second heat insulation plate 9 and the guide plate 10 facilitates the restriction of the direction of solid carbon discharge, allowing solid carbon to enter the gas-solid separation device 3, thereby achieving the removal of solid carbon, improving the cracking efficiency of methane and the production efficiency of hydrogen. The first heat insulation plate 8 and the second heat insulation plate 9 are made of ceramic fiber board. Example

[0034] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the guide plate 10 is provided with a plurality of air blowing holes 11. The air blowing mechanism includes an air blowing pipe with one end sealed inside the reactor 1 and connected to the air blowing holes 11, and the other end connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe 7, a high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 provided on the air blowing pipe, an air blowing pump 13 provided on the air blowing pipe, and a first preheater 14 provided on the air blowing pipe for heating hydrogen. A first one-way valve 15 is provided on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 and the air blowing pipe respectively. The air blowing pump 13, the first preheater 14 and the first one-way valve 15 are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

[0035] In this invention, the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 can conveniently store the hydrogen transported by the gas blowing pipe, thereby providing hydrogen for the removal of solid carbon. The gas blowing pump 13 can pressurize the hydrogen in the gas blowing pipe, so that the hydrogen can quickly pass through the gas blowing pipe and be discharged from the gas blowing hole 11, thereby facilitating the removal of solid carbon.

[0036] The first preheater 14 can preheat the hydrogen flowing through the gas blowing pipe, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the hydrogen and the reactor 1, thus preventing the hydrogen from affecting the overall thermal balance of the reactor 1.

[0037] When removing solid carbon from catalyst 2, the blowing pump 13 and the first preheater 14 are started. The blowing pump 13 draws out and pressurizes the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12, while the first preheater 14 preheats the hydrogen flowing through the blowing pipe. This allows the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen to quickly pass through the blowing pipe and be discharged from the blowing hole 11. Under the action of the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen, the solid carbon enters the gas-solid separation device 3, thus completing the removal of solid carbon. After the solid carbon removal is completed, the blowing pump 13 is turned off. The first preheater 14 is shut down, and the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 is closed. The first one-way valve 15 on the blowing pipe is opened, allowing the hydrogen in the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 to enter the high-pressure storage chamber 12 through the blowing pipe. When the gas volume in the high-pressure storage chamber 12 reaches the preset value, the first one-way valve 15 on the blowing pipe is closed, thereby completing the storage of hydrogen. The first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 is then opened, allowing the hydrogen to enter the hydrogen storage tank 6 through the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 for storage. Example

[0038] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is provided with a sliding seal first piston 16, and the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is provided with two contact switches 17 for opening or closing the first one-way valve 15; the contact switches 17 are connected to the control mechanism.

[0039] In this embodiment 4, one contact switch 17 is located inside the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 and at one end of the first connecting pipe 18, while the other contact switch 17 is located inside the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 and away from the first connecting pipe 18. The first piston 16 is slidably sealed inside the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 and located between the two contact switches 17. In use, when hydrogen is discharged from the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12, the first piston 16 moves synchronously with the discharge of hydrogen from the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12. When the first piston 16 contacts the contact switch 17 at one end of the first connecting pipe 18, the contact switch 17 transmits a control signal to the control mechanism, which then controls the air pump 13 to stop running, thus completing the solid-state gas treatment. Similarly, when the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is storing gas, the control mechanism controls the opening of the first one-way valve 15 on the blowing pipe and the closing of the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7, so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 enters the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 through the blowing pipe. At the same time, the first piston 16 moves as the amount of hydrogen increases. When the first piston 16 comes into contact with the contact switch 17 away from the first connecting pipe 18, the contact switch 17 transmits a signal to the control mechanism. The control mechanism controls the closing of the first one-way valve 15 on the blowing pipe and the opening of the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7, thereby storing hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12, which facilitates the removal of solid carbon in the next operation. Example

[0040] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the blowing pipe includes a first connecting pipe 18 with both ends connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 and the hydrogen delivery pipe 7, a second connecting pipe 19 with one end connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 and the other end connected to the cold end of the first preheater 14, a gas distribution pipe 20 disposed on the second connecting pipe 19 and located between the first heat insulation plate 8 and the second heat insulation plate 9, and a gas nozzle 21 with one end connected to the gas distribution pipe 20 and the other end connected to the blowing hole 11; the blowing pump 13 is installed on the second connecting pipe 19; and the first one-way valve 15 is installed on the first connecting pipe 18.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 stores hydrogen, the first one-way valve 15 on the first connecting pipe 18 is opened and the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 is closed to inject hydrogen into the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12. When the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is full of hydrogen, the first one-way valve 15 on the first connecting pipe 18 is closed and the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 is opened. The gas distribution pipe 20 is equipped with a third one-way valve 41 to prevent gas in the reactor 1 from entering the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12. The gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 of this invention is 1.9 MPa to 22 MPa.

[0042] When removing solid carbon from reactor 1, hydrogen gas in high-pressure storage chamber 12 enters the cold end of first preheater 14 through second connecting pipe 19 for preheating. The preheated hydrogen gas enters through gas distribution pipe 20 and is ejected from gas nozzle 21, thereby completing the removal of solid carbon.

[0043] This utility model has three gas nozzles 21, and the angle between two adjacent gas nozzles 21 is 55°, which facilitates the removal of solid carbon on the catalyst 2. Example

[0044] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the air intake mechanism includes a methane delivery pipe 22 with one end connected to the methane storage mechanism and an external methane gas source, and the other end connected to the reactor 1; a second preheater 23 installed on the methane delivery pipe 22 for preheating the methane; and a gas delivery pump 24 and a first gas flow meter 25 installed on the methane delivery pipe 22; the gas delivery pump 24 and the first gas flow meter 25 are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

[0045] In this invention, a gas delivery pump 24 delivers methane from a methane delivery pipe 22 to a reactor 1 for cracking. Simultaneously, a heat exchanger 4 preheats the methane in the methane delivery pipe 22 and delivers the preheated methane gas to a second preheater 23 for further preheating. Upon entering the reactor 1, the methane quickly reaches its cracking temperature, thus promoting the cracking efficiency. A first gas flow meter 25 detects the methane flow rate in real time and transmits the detection result to a control mechanism. The control mechanism controls the operating efficiency of the gas delivery pump 24 based on the detection result of the first gas flow meter 25, thereby controlling the amount of methane in the reactor 1. This ensures that the methane supply matches the catalytic activity of the catalyst 2, facilitating the catalytic cracking of methane by the catalyst 2 and improving hydrogen production efficiency. Example

[0046] like Figure 1-6As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the methane delivery pipe 22 includes a first inlet pipe 26 with both ends connected to the methane storage mechanism and the cold end of the heat exchanger 4, a second inlet pipe 27 with both ends connected to the first inlet pipe 26 and the external methane gas source, a fifth inlet pipe 40 with one end connected to the hot end of the heat exchanger 4 and the other end connected to the cold end of the second preheater 23, and a third inlet pipe 28 with one end connected to the hot end of the second preheater 23 and the other end connected to the reactor 1; the second inlet pipe 27 is provided with a second one-way valve 29 for controlling the methane gas flow rate, and the gas delivery pump 24 and the first gas flow meter 25 are installed on the second inlet pipe 27.

[0047] In this embodiment 7, the gas delivery pump 24 draws out the methane in the methane collection tank 31 through the first inlet pipe 26. Since the second inlet pipe 27 is connected to the external methane gas source, the methane in the methane gas source can enter the first inlet pipe 26 through the second inlet pipe 27. At the same time, since the second inlet pipe 27 is equipped with a second one-way valve 29, the gas delivery pump 24 will preferentially draw out the methane in the methane collection tank 31, thereby reducing the amount of methane used and saving hydrogen production costs.

[0048] The bottom of the inner liner of this utility model is provided with a gas distribution plate connected to the third air inlet pipe 28. The gas distribution plate can make methane enter the reactor 1 evenly, so that the methane can fully contact the catalyst 2, thereby improving the methane cracking efficiency. The gas distribution plate can be a stainless steel fiber sintered felt aeration plate, which can realize gas distribution and prevent the catalyst from entering the gas distribution holes.

[0049] In use, the gas delivery pump 24 delivers methane from the methane collection box 31 and the methane gas source to the heat exchanger 4 through the first inlet pipe 26 and the second inlet pipe 27 for preheating, thereby increasing the temperature of the methane. The preheated methane then enters the second preheater 23 through the fifth inlet pipe 40 for further heating. The methane flowing through the second preheater 23 enters the reactor 1 through the third inlet pipe 28 and the gas distribution plate for cracking, thus completing the methane delivery pipeline. Example

[0050] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiment, the gas separator 5 is provided with a fourth inlet pipe 30, and the methane storage mechanism includes a methane collection box 31 connected to the fourth inlet pipe 30 and the inlet mechanism respectively, and a piston 32 slidably sealed in the methane collection box 31; the fourth inlet pipe 30 is provided with a second gas flow meter 33 connected to the control mechanism.

[0051] In this embodiment 8, the two ends of the fourth intake pipe 30 are connected to the methane collection box 31 and the methane exhaust port on the gas separator 5, respectively. The piston 32 facilitates the collection of uncracked methane by the methane collection box 31. At the same time, the second gas flow meter 33 can monitor the methane flow rate in the fourth intake pipe 30 in real time and transmit the monitoring results to the control mechanism. The control mechanism compares the detection results with the preset value. If the uncracked methane gas flow rate in the fourth intake pipe 30 is higher than the preset value, it indicates that there is a lot of solid carbon on the catalyst 2. The control mechanism controls the cleaning mechanism to operate to remove the solid carbon on the catalyst 2, thereby ensuring the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst 2. Example

[0052] like Figure 1-6 As shown, unlike the above embodiments, the control mechanism includes a control box 34 and a microcontroller 35 disposed in the control box 34 and connected to the methane collection mechanism, the air intake mechanism and the purging mechanism respectively.

[0053] In this embodiment 9, the control box 34 is located outside the reactor 1, and the microcontroller 35 is located in the control box 34. The control box 34 is connected to the air blowing pump 13, the first preheater 14, the first one-way valve 15, the contact switch 17, the gas delivery pump 24, the first gas flow meter 25, and the second gas flow meter 33, thereby facilitating the automated control of the cracking hydrogen production unit.

[0054] Example 10.

[0055] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production system for a hydrogen refueling station includes a circulation pipe and a heater 36 located in a reactor 1 for heating catalyst 2 and methane. The circulation pipe includes a first circulation pipe 37 connected between the reactor 1 and the gas-solid separation device 3, a second circulation pipe 38 located between the gas-solid separation device 3 and the heat exchanger 4, and a third circulation pipe 39 located between the heat exchanger 4 and the gas separator 5.

[0056] In this embodiment 10, the heater 36 can easily heat the catalyst 2 and methane in the reactor 1. In use, the first circulation pipe 37 can transport the solid carbon, hydrogen and uncracked methane after methane cracking to the gas-solid separation device 3. The second circulation pipe 38 can transport the hydrogen and uncracked methane separated by the gas-solid separation device 3 to the heat exchanger 4. The third circulation pipe 39 can transport the hydrogen and uncracked methane discharged from the heat exchanger 4 to the gas separator 5, thereby enabling the gas separator 5 to separate hydrogen and uncracked methane gas.

[0057] The gas separator 5 of this utility model can be a demethanizer.

[0058] The gas-solid separation device 3 of this utility model can be a cyclone separator.

[0059] The heater 36 of this utility model can be an electromagnetic heater.

[0060] The microcontroller 35 of this utility model can be an STM32F103 microcontroller.

[0061] The catalyst 2 used in this invention can be a Ni-Bi liquid alloy, a NiMo-Bi catalyst, etc.

[0062] The first preheater 14 and the second preheater 23 of this utility model can be pipe-type electric heaters.

[0063] Working principle: In use, catalyst 2 is introduced into the inner liner through catalyst introduction pipe 42, with the catalyst 2 inside the liner below the top. The catalyst 2 is then heated by heater 36. When the catalyst 2 reaches the required temperature, gas pump 24 transports methane from methane collection tank 31 and methane source to heat exchanger 4 through first inlet pipe 26 and second inlet pipe 27 for preheating, increasing the methane temperature. The preheated methane enters second preheater 23 through fifth inlet pipe 40 for further heating. The methane flowing through second preheater 23 enters third inlet pipe 28 and, after being distributed by gas distribution plate, enters reactor 1 for cracking. The solid carbon, hydrogen, and uncracked methane produced after cracking are then produced. (Solid carbon floats on the surface of molten metal due to density differences). When the second gas flow meter 33 detects that the flow rate of uncracked methane in the fourth inlet pipe 30 is higher than the preset value (indicating that the catalytic efficiency of catalyst 2 has decreased), the microcontroller 35 controls the third one-way valve 41 to open and the microcontroller 35 controls the air pump 13 to start. The air pump 13 pressurizes the hydrogen in the second connecting pipe 19, so that the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 can continuously enter the first preheater 14 through the second connecting pipe 19. The first preheater 14 preheats the hydrogen, thereby reducing the temperature impact of hydrogen on the reactor 1. The hydrogen flowing through the first preheater 14 flows through the gas distribution pipe 20 and is sprayed out from the gas nozzle 21. Under the impact of the hydrogen, the catalyst 2... Solid carbon forms dust, which moves along the guide plate 10 with the hydrogen gas flow and enters the gas-solid separation device 3 through the first circulation pipe 37. The gas-solid separation device 3 separates the solid carbon. The hydrogen and uncracked methane in the gas-solid separation device 3 enter the heat exchanger 4 through the second circulation pipe 38. The heat exchanger 4 cools the hydrogen and uncracked methane, and then they pass through the gas separator 5 through the third circulation pipe 39. The gas separator 5 separates the hydrogen and uncracked methane, allowing the hydrogen to enter the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 or the hydrogen storage tank 6, while the uncracked methane enters the methane collection tank 31 and re-enters the reactor 1 through the first inlet pipe 26 for cracking. This saves on methane usage. When the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 12 is completely discharged (i.e., the gas is completely discharged), the gas is released from the gas separator 3. (For the removal of paired solid carbon), the microcontroller 35 controls the air pump 13, the first preheater 14, and the third one-way valve 41 to close. At the same time, the microcontroller 35 controls the first one-way valve 15 on the air blowing pipe to open, and simultaneously closes the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7. This allows the hydrogen in the hydrogen delivery pipe 7 to enter the high-pressure storage chamber 12 through the air blowing pipe and push the first piston 16 to move. When the first piston 16 contacts the contact switch 17 away from the first connecting pipe 18, the contact switch 17 transmits a signal to the control mechanism. The control mechanism controls the first one-way valve 15 on the air blowing pipe to close and opens the first one-way valve 15 on the hydrogen delivery pipe 7, thereby storing the hydrogen in the high-pressure storage chamber 12 for the next solid carbon removal.

[0064] The reactor 1, catalyst 2, gas-solid separation device 3, heat exchanger 4, gas separator 5, air pump 13, first preheater 14, first check valve 15, contact switch 17, second preheater 23, gas delivery pump 24, first gas flow meter 25, second check valve 29, second gas flow meter 33, microcontroller 35, and heater 36 used in this utility model are all existing technologies and can be directly purchased and used on the market. Therefore, the structure, circuit, and principle of the reactor 1, catalyst 2, gas-solid separation device 3, heat exchanger 4, gas separator 5, air pump 13, first preheater 14, first check valve 15, contact switch 17, second preheater 23, gas delivery pump 24, first gas flow meter 25, second check valve 29, second gas flow meter 33, microcontroller 35, and heater 36 are not described in detail here.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it, nor are they intended to limit the patent scope of this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model. That is to say, any changes or refinements made to the main design concept and spirit of this utility model that are not of substantial significance, but whose technical problems are still consistent with those of this utility model, should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. In addition, the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of this utility model to other related technical fields are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations, characterized in that, The reactor includes a reactor (1), a catalyst (2) located inside the reactor (1), a gas-solid separation device (3) connected to the gas outlet of the reactor (1) for separating solid carbon and gas, a heat exchanger (4) connected to the gas-solid separation device (3), a gas separator (5) connected to the hot end of the heat exchanger (4) for separating hydrogen and methane gas, a methane collection mechanism and a hydrogen storage tank (6) connected to the gas separator (5) respectively, an inlet mechanism connected to the methane collection mechanism, a removal mechanism located inside the reactor (1) and connected to the hydrogen storage tank (6) for removing solid carbon from the catalyst (2), and a control mechanism located outside the reactor (1) and connected to the methane collection mechanism, the inlet mechanism, and the removal mechanism respectively.

2. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, A hydrogen delivery pipe (7) is provided between the hydrogen storage tank (6) and the gas separator (5). The purging mechanism includes a first heat insulation plate (8) and a second heat insulation plate (9) located in the reactor (1), a guide plate (10) located between the first heat insulation plate (8) and the second heat insulation plate (9) and corresponding to the gas outlet of the reactor (1), and a blowing mechanism located on the guide plate (10) and connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe (7) for blowing off solid carbon.

3. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide plate (10) has several air blowing holes (11). The air blowing mechanism includes an air blowing pipe with one end sealed inside the reactor (1) and connected to the air blowing holes (11) and the other end connected to the hydrogen delivery pipe (7), a high-pressure gas storage chamber (12) on the air blowing pipe, an air blowing pump (13) on the air blowing pipe, and a first preheater (14) on the air blowing pipe for heating hydrogen. A first check valve (15) is provided on the hydrogen delivery pipe (7) and the air blowing pipe respectively. The air blowing pump (13), the first preheater (14) and the first check valve (15) are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

4. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-pressure gas storage chamber (12) is equipped with a sliding seal first piston (16), and the high-pressure gas storage chamber (12) is equipped with a contact switch (17) for opening or closing the first one-way valve (15); the contact switch (17) is connected to the control mechanism.

5. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The blowing pipe includes a first connecting pipe (18) with its two ends connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber (12) and the hydrogen delivery pipe (7) respectively, a second connecting pipe (19) with one end connected to the high-pressure gas storage chamber (12) and the other end connected to the cold end of the first preheater (14), a gas distribution pipe (20) connected to the hot end of the first preheater (14) and located between the first heat insulation plate (8) and the second heat insulation plate (9), and a gas nozzle (21) with one end connected to the gas distribution pipe (20) and the other end connected to the blowing hole (11); a blowing pump (13) is installed on the second connecting pipe (19); and a first one-way valve (15) is installed on the first connecting pipe (18).

6. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas inlet mechanism includes a methane delivery pipe (22) with one end connected to the methane storage mechanism and the external methane gas source and the other end connected to the reactor (1), a second preheater (23) installed on the methane delivery pipe (22) for preheating the methane, and a gas delivery pump (24) and a first gas flow meter (25) installed on the methane delivery pipe (22); the gas delivery pump (24) and the first gas flow meter (25) are respectively connected to the control mechanism.

7. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The methane delivery pipe (22) includes a first inlet pipe (26) with its two ends connected to the methane storage mechanism and the cold end of the heat exchanger (4), a second inlet pipe (27) with its two ends connected to the first inlet pipe (26) and the external methane gas source, a fifth inlet pipe (40) with one end connected to the hot end of the heat exchanger (4) and the other end connected to the cold end of the second preheater (23), and a third inlet pipe (28) with one end connected to the hot end of the second preheater (23) and the other end connected to the reactor (1); the second inlet pipe (27) is equipped with a second check valve (29) for controlling the flow rate of methane gas, and a gas delivery pump (24) and a first gas flow meter (25) are installed on the second inlet pipe (27).

8. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas separator (5) is provided with a fourth inlet pipe (30), and the methane storage mechanism includes a methane collection box (31) connected to the fourth inlet pipe (30) and the inlet mechanism respectively, and a piston (32) is provided in the methane collection box (31) with a sliding seal; the fourth inlet pipe (30) is provided with a second gas flow meter (33) connected to the control mechanism.

9. The skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control mechanism includes a control box (34) and a microcontroller (35) located in the control box (34) and connected to the methane collection mechanism, the gas intake mechanism and the purging mechanism respectively.

10. A system based on the skid-mounted miniaturized cracking hydrogen production unit for hydrogen refueling stations according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes a circulation pipe and a heater (36) located in the reactor (1) for heating the catalyst (2) and methane. The circulation pipe includes a first circulation pipe (37) connected between the reactor (1) and the gas-solid separation device (3), a second circulation pipe (38) located between the gas-solid separation device (3) and the heat exchanger (4), and a third circulation pipe (39) located between the heat exchanger (4) and the gas separator (5).

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