Liquid metal circulating cooling system for heat dissipation of neutron target

Abstract

The utility model discloses a liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation, including circulating loop, fill in the circulating loop with liquid metal, be provided with melting expansion tank, circulating pump and heat exchanger in the circulating loop, be provided with heating heat preservation silk in the melting expansion tank, be provided with first interface and second interface in the circulating loop for respectively with the detachable connection of the cooling medium inlet and cooling medium outlet of neutron target system, still be provided with inflation device in the circulating loop for the inflation to circulating loop, the inflation device sets up between the export end of melting expansion tank with first interface, still include control module, heating heat preservation silk circulating pump inflation device and heat exchanger respectively through control module and external power supply electricity is connected, solved the circulating cooling system cooling effect of prior art's technical problem of adopting liquid metal as cooling medium is not good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of neutron target technology, specifically to a liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of neutron therapy, a neutron beam is generated by bombarding a neutron target with a proton beam. During the bombardment of the neutron target, a large amount of heat is often deposited on the neutron target. When the temperature of the neutron target is higher than the threshold, it is not conducive to the stable generation of the neutron beam. Therefore, a cooling system needs to be set up on the back side of the neutron target to regulate the temperature of the neutron target in a timely manner and ensure the stable generation of the neutron beam.

[0003] Currently, water cooling systems are commonly used to cool neutron targets. However, water as a medium usually results in low cooling efficiency and is prone to boiling under high heat flux. Since water itself has very low thermal conductivity, local heat transfer deterioration may occur, thereby affecting the lifespan and safe operation of the neutron target.

[0004] Therefore, there are reports of using liquid metal with high thermal conductivity to replace water as a medium for heat dissipation from neutron targets.

[0005] However, liquid metal has weaker fluidity compared to water. Existing cooling systems using liquid metal only use circulating pumps and circulating pipes to circulate the liquid metal. This circulation system is easily affected by the external temperature. If the external temperature is high, it reduces the thermal conductivity of the liquid metal. If the external temperature is low, it easily affects the fluidity of the liquid metal. The neutron target may still exceed the temperature threshold.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the composition of the circulating cooling system that uses liquid metal as the cooling medium, maintain or even improve the fluidity of the liquid metal, improve heat dissipation efficiency, facilitate control, reduce the frequency of operators entering the site, and reduce the probability of operators being exposed to radiation. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation, so as to solve the technical problem that the cooling effect of existing circulating cooling systems using liquid metal as the cooling medium is not good.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation includes a circulation loop filled with liquid metal, which can circulate within the circulation loop;

[0010] The circulation loop includes a melting expansion tank, a circulation pump, and a heat exchanger; the melting expansion tank contains heating and insulation wires; the circulation pump drives the liquid metal to circulate within the circulation loop; the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the liquid metal in the circulation loop; the circulation loop has a first interface and a second interface for detachable connection to the cooling medium inlet and outlet of the neutron target system, respectively; the circulation loop also includes an air-filling device for filling the circulation loop with air, the air-filling device being located between the outlet end of the melting expansion tank and the first interface;

[0011] It also includes a control module. The heating insulation wire, the circulating pump, the air filling device, and the heat exchanger are all electrically connected to an external power source through the control module. The control module can control the electrical parameters of the heating insulation wire, the circulating pump, the air filling device, and the heat exchanger.

[0012] Furthermore, a first temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the expansion chamber to measure the temperature of the liquid metal at the outlet of the expansion chamber; a second temperature sensor is installed near the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system to measure the temperature of the liquid metal entering the neutron target system; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are respectively installed on both sides of the heat exchanger, in the circulation direction of the circulation loop, to measure the liquid metal temperature at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger respectively; the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, and the fourth temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

[0013] Furthermore, the outlet of the expansion chamber is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump through a first pipe section; the air filling device is installed in the first pipe section; the outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system through a second pipe section; the cooling medium outlet of the neutron target system is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger through a third pipe section; and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the expansion chamber through a fourth pipe section.

[0014] Furthermore, an outlet valve is provided at the outlet of the expansion tank to regulate the flow rate of the liquid metal and to cut off the circuit circulation in case of an accident; the outlet valve is an electric valve and is electrically connected to the control module, which can control the opening and closing of the outlet valve and the degree of opening.

[0015] Furthermore, a flow sensor is also provided on the circulation loop to detect the flow rate of liquid metal in the circulation loop, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

[0016] Furthermore, the control module includes,

[0017] The data acquisition module is used to acquire temperature data from the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor, as well as flow data from the flow sensor, and current and voltage data from the heat exchanger, the heating insulation wire and the circulating pump.

[0018] The data transmission module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and is used to transmit the acquired data to the back-end terminal.

[0019] The back-end terminal is used to display the data collected by the data acquisition module, and is equipped with five control switches, which respectively control the power supply of the heat exchanger, the heating insulation wire and the circulating pump, as well as control the opening and closing degree of the outlet valve.

[0020] Furthermore, the neutron target system has an inlet pipe at the cooling medium inlet and an outlet pipe at the cooling medium outlet. The liquid metal enters the neutron target system through the inlet pipe and flows out through the outlet pipe. A first connector and a second connector are respectively provided at the first interface and the second interface. A third connector is provided at the interface of the inlet pipe, and the third connector is detachably connected to the first connector. A fourth connector is provided at the interface of the outlet pipe, and the fourth connector is detachably connected to the second connector.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom of the expansion tank has an inclined surface sloping towards the outlet of the expansion tank, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface is 15-20°; the top of the expansion tank is provided with an inflation hole and an exhaust hole. The inflation hole is used to connect to an external inflation device, which can both inflate the circulation loop to press the liquid metal into the pipe and serve as an exhaust hole for pressure balance.

[0022] Furthermore, the heat sink includes a secondary side circuit independent of the circulation loop, the secondary side circuit being filled with a cooling medium for receiving and dissipating heat transferred from the liquid metal in the circulation loop, thereby reducing the temperature of the liquid metal.

[0023] Furthermore, the liquid metal is liquid lithium or a lead-bismuth alloy.

[0024] This invention offers the following advantages: The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation improves upon existing circulating cooling systems that use liquid metal as the cooling medium. A melting expansion tank is added to the circulation loop, containing heating and insulation wires to maintain the liquid metal in a constant state of flow, thus enhancing heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, an inflation device is added to facilitate the recovery of liquid metal from the circulation loop during neutron target system replacement. A control module is also included for convenient control of various components. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the data transmission process of the control module of this utility model.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, expansion chamber; 101, inflation port; 102, vent; 103, heating insulation wire; 104, outlet valve; 105, first temperature sensor; 200, circulating pump; 201, second temperature sensor; 300, neutron target system; 301, inlet pipe; 302, outlet pipe; 303, third connector; 304, fourth connector; 400, heat exchanger; 401, third temperature sensor; 402, fourth temperature sensor; 501, first pipe section; 502, second pipe section; 503, third pipe section; 504, fourth pipe section; 505, first connector; 506, second connector; 600, inflation device; 700, flow sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of some embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments provided in this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of this utility model. It should be noted that the same reference numerals and letters in the drawings represent similar parts. Once a part is defined in one drawing, it will not be defined and explained again in subsequent drawings.

[0030] This invention can be applied to the technical field of neutron target heat dissipation, and is particularly suitable for scenarios where liquid metal is used as a cooling medium to dissipate heat from neutron targets. It solves the technical problem of poor cooling effect in existing circulating cooling systems that use liquid metal as a cooling medium.

[0031] The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation disclosed in this utility model has the following technical effects:

[0032] 1. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation of this utility model utilizes the flow heat transfer and high thermal conductivity of liquid metal to safely remove heat from the neutron target, avoiding local boiling or heat transfer deterioration that may be caused by existing water cooling technology.

[0033] 2. This utility model discloses a liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation. It improves upon existing circulating cooling systems that use liquid metal as the cooling medium by adding a melting expansion tank to the circulation loop. The melting expansion tank contains heating and insulation wires to maintain the liquid metal in a constant state of flow, thus improving heat dissipation efficiency. Additionally, a gas-filling device is added to facilitate the recovery of liquid metal from the circulation loop during neutron target system replacement.

[0034] 3. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation of this utility model also includes a control module, which facilitates the control of each device and enables intuitive and timely adjustment of the operating status of the circulating system, making it convenient and quick.

[0035] To further illustrate the cooling circulation system of this utility model, the following embodiments are disclosed.

[0036] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 A liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation is provided, comprising a circulating loop filled with liquid metal capable of circulating within the loop; the circulating loop includes a melting expansion tank 100, a circulating pump 200, and a heat exchanger 400; specifically, the inlet and outlet of the circulating pump 200 are detachably connected to the upstream and downstream of the circulating loop along the circulation direction, respectively; specifically, the heat exchanger 400 includes a first pipe, the inlet and outlet of which are detachably connected to the upstream and downstream of the circulating loop along the circulation direction, respectively; the heat exchanger 400 and the circulating pump 200 are installed in different positions, and the connecting pipes do not cross each other.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 The expansion chamber 100 is equipped with heating and insulation wires 103; the circulation pump 200 is used to circulate the liquid metal in the circulation loop; the heat exchanger 400 is used to exchange heat with the liquid metal in the circulation loop; the circulation loop is provided with a first interface and a second interface, which are detachably connected to the cooling medium inlet and cooling medium outlet of the neutron target system 300, respectively; the circulation loop is also provided with an air filling device 600, which is used to fill the circulation loop with air so that the liquid metal in the pipes and equipment can be discharged into the expansion chamber 100 by air pressure. In actual operation, the air filling device 600 fills the loop with air when the circulation loop is not running or when the neutron target needs to be replaced, so that the liquid metal in the pipes and equipment can be discharged into the expansion chamber 100 by air pressure; the air filling device 600 is located between the outlet end of the expansion chamber 100 and the first interface.

[0038] The system also includes a control module. The heating insulation wire 103, the circulating pump 200, the air filling device 600, and the heat exchanger 400 are each electrically connected to an external power source via the control module. The control module can control the electrical parameters of the heating insulation wire 103, the circulating pump 200, the air filling device 600, and the heat exchanger 400. Specifically, the electrical parameters include the current and voltage of the power supply circuit. When energized, the heating insulation wire 103 can heat up. Based on the temperature of the liquid metal in the circulation loop, the heating power is adjusted to control the amount of heat released, ensuring the molten state of the liquid metal while also interlocking to prevent the liquid metal itself from overheating.

[0039] This embodiment utilizes the flow heat transfer and high thermal conductivity of liquid metal to safely remove heat from the neutron target, avoiding localized boiling or heat transfer deterioration that may occur with existing water cooling technologies. Simultaneously, the composition of the circulating cooling system using liquid metal as the cooling medium is improved by adding a melting expansion tank 100 to the circulation loop. The melting expansion tank 100 is equipped with heating and insulation wires 103 to maintain the liquid metal in a constant state of flow, improving heat dissipation efficiency. Additionally, an air filling device 600 is added to facilitate the recovery of liquid metal in the circulation loop during neutron target system 300 replacement. Furthermore, a control module is added for convenient control of each device, allowing for intuitive and timely adjustment of the circulation system's operating status, providing convenience and speed.

[0040] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 A first temperature sensor 105 is installed at the outlet of the expansion chamber 100 to measure the temperature of the liquid metal at the outlet of the expansion chamber 100; a second temperature sensor 201 is installed near the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system 300 to measure the temperature of the liquid metal entering the neutron target system 300; a third temperature sensor 401 and a fourth temperature sensor 402 are respectively installed on both sides of the heat exchanger 400 and in the circulation direction of the circulation loop to measure the temperature of the liquid metal at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 400; the first temperature sensor 105, the second temperature sensor 201, the third temperature sensor 401 and the fourth temperature sensor 402 are electrically connected to the control module.

[0041] The temperature sensors can detect the temperature values ​​of key components in real time, which helps operators monitor the temperature in the circulation loop during operation and make timely adjustments.

[0042] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1The outlet of the expansion chamber 100 is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 200 via a first pipe section 501; the inflation device 600 is installed in the first pipe section 501; the outlet of the circulating pump 200 is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system 300 via a second pipe section 502; the cooling medium outlet of the neutron target system 300 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 400 via a third pipe section 503; and the outlet of the heat exchanger 400 is connected to the inlet of the expansion chamber 100 via a fourth pipe section 504. These pipe sections facilitate easy connection, disassembly, maintenance, and replacement.

[0043] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 An outlet valve 104 is provided at the outlet of the expansion tank 100 to regulate the flow rate of the liquid metal and to cut off the circuit circulation in case of an emergency. The outlet valve 104 is an electric valve and is electrically connected to the control module, which can control the opening and closing of the outlet valve 104 and the degree of opening. Using an electric valve enables remote control, avoiding manual operation by personnel and exposure to radiation.

[0044] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 A flow sensor 700 is also installed on the circulation loop to detect the flow rate of the liquid metal within the circulation loop. The flow sensor 700 is electrically connected to the control module. By detecting the flow rate of the liquid metal in the circulation loop in real time and combining it with the parameters of the circulation pump 200, the fluidity of the liquid metal can be determined.

[0045] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The control module includes,

[0046] The data acquisition module is used to acquire temperature data from the first temperature sensor 105, the second temperature sensor 201, the third temperature sensor 401 and the fourth temperature sensor 402, respectively, as well as flow data from the flow sensor 700, and current, voltage and voltage data from the heat exchanger 400, the heating insulation wire 103 and the circulating pump 200.

[0047] The data transmission module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and is used to transmit the acquired data to the back-end terminal.

[0048] The back-end terminal is used to display the data collected by the data acquisition module, and is equipped with five control switches, which respectively control the power supply of the heat exchanger 400, the heating insulation wire 103 and the circulating pump 200, as well as control the opening and closing degree of the outlet valve 104.

[0049] By configuring each module, the operating status parameters of the loop can be collected in real time and displayed on the backend terminal, enabling operators to monitor and adjust these parameters. Specifically, the five control switches can be physical buttons, physical knobs, electronic switches, or electronic knobs.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 The neutron target system 300 has an inlet pipe 301 at the cooling medium inlet and an outlet pipe 302 at the cooling medium outlet. The liquid metal enters the neutron target system 300 through the inlet pipe 301 and flows out through the outlet pipe 302. A first connector and a second connector are respectively provided at the first interface and the second interface. The interface of the inlet pipe 301 has a third connector 303, which is detachably connected to the first connector 505. The interface of the outlet pipe 302 has a fourth connector 304, which is detachably connected to the second connector 506.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first connector 505, the second connector 506, the third connector 303, and the fourth connector 304 are commercially available quick-connect couplings suitable for liquid metals, preferably plate handle quick-connect couplings.

[0052] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 The bottom of the expansion tank 100 has an inclined surface that slopes towards the outlet of the expansion tank 100. The inclination angle of the inclined surface is 15-20°. The inclined surface facilitates the flow of liquid metal toward the outlet of the expansion tank 100. The top of the expansion tank 100 is provided with an inflation hole 101 and an exhaust hole 102. The inflation hole 101 is used to connect to an external inflation device. It can both inflate the circulation loop to press the liquid metal into the pipe and serve as the exhaust hole 102 for pressure balance.

[0053] In some embodiments, the heat sink includes a secondary side loop independent of the circulation loop, the secondary side loop being filled with a cooling medium for receiving and dissipating heat transferred from the liquid metal in the circulation loop to lower the temperature of the liquid metal. The cooling medium can be water, oil, gas, or liquid metal.

[0054] In some embodiments, the liquid metal is liquid lithium or a lead-bismuth alloy, preferably liquid lithium.

[0055] In some embodiments, the liquid metal is liquid lithium. Liquid lithium can absorb some of the protons that did not undergo complete nuclear reactions, thereby further increasing neutron yield. Furthermore, liquid lithium has a relatively high thermal conductivity of approximately 85 W / m·K.

[0056] It has good thermal conductivity and can effectively dissipate heat from the neutron target system.

[0057] Here is a specific embodiment, employing as follows Figure 1 The structure is such that the expansion chamber is filled with 0.5–1 m³ of material. 3 The liquid metal is made of liquid lithium and has a 15-20° slope at the bottom to facilitate its flow into the circulation loop. The target in the neutron target system is made of beryllium and has a thickness of 3-6 mm. The temperature of the liquid metal needs to be maintained in the range of 150-200°C and it flows under the drive of the circulation pump 200. The circulation flow rate of the liquid metal is 1-3 m / s. The average thermal conductivity of the liquid lithium is ~85 W / m·K.

[0058] In this embodiment, the detailed workflow of the circulation loop is as follows: Each pipe segment is connected to the inlet pipe 301 and outlet pipe 302 of the cooling structure of the neutron target system 300, forming a closed circulation loop. The expansion chamber 100 contains liquid metal. The outlet valve 104 is opened, and then the circulation pump 200 is turned on. Driven by the circulation pump 200, the liquid metal flows to the neutron target system 300 and then back to the expansion chamber 100. Gas in the circulation loop is discharged through the exhaust port 102 of the expansion chamber 100. The liquid metal circulates within the pipes, carrying away the heat generated by the neutron target. It then flows through the radiator for heat exchange, transferring the heat to the secondary circuit, and then continues to enter the expansion chamber 100 for further circulation. During actual operation, the temperature of the neutron target was measured to be 230–280°C, which did not exceed the upper temperature limit of the target. This demonstrates that under a certain proton beam bombardment, the circulation loop can stably remove the heat from the neutron target.

[0059] In the description disclosed in this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to has a specific orientation, or is constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the disclosure of this utility model. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is interpreted as open and inclusive, that is, "including, but not limited to."

[0060] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "exemplary," or "some examples," etc., are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example disclosed in this utility model. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0061] The terms "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish different descriptive objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In other words, they do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Furthermore, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical," etc., do not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather allow for a certain angle of inclination. For example, "horizontal" only indicates that its direction is closer to a horizontal state than "vertical," not that the structure must be perfectly horizontal.

[0062] "At least one of A, B, and C" has the same meaning as "at least one of A, B, or C," both including the following combinations of A, B, and C: only A, only B, only C, a combination of A and B, a combination of A and C, a combination of B and C, and a combination of A, B, and C. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "A and / or B" includes the following three combinations: only A, only B, and a combination of A and B.

[0063] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are provided as idealized exemplary drawings. In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can also be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] In the accompanying drawings, the thickness of layers and regions has been enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to factors such as manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Consequently, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations caused, for example, by manufacturing processes. For instance, etched areas shown as rectangular would typically have curved features. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of areas of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment disclosed in this utility model, but the scope of protection disclosed in this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the scope of protection disclosed in this utility model. Therefore, the scope of protection disclosed in this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A liquid metal circulation cooling system for heat removal from a neutron target, characterized by, Includes a circulation loop filled with liquid metal, the liquid metal being able to circulate within the circulation loop; The circulation loop is equipped with a melting expansion tank, a circulation pump, and a heat exchanger; the melting expansion tank is equipped with heating and insulation wires; the circulation loop is equipped with a first interface and a second interface for detachable connection to the cooling medium inlet and outlet of the neutron target system, respectively; the circulation loop is also equipped with an air-filling device for filling the circulation loop with air, and the air-filling device is located between the outlet end of the melting expansion tank and the first interface; It also includes a control module. The heating insulation wire, the circulating pump, the air filling device, and the heat exchanger are all electrically connected to an external power source through the control module. The control module can control the electrical parameters of the heating insulation wire, the circulating pump, the air filling device, and the heat exchanger.

2. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the expansion chamber to measure the temperature of the liquid metal at the outlet of the expansion chamber; a second temperature sensor is installed near the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system to measure the temperature of the liquid metal entering the neutron target system; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are respectively installed on both sides of the heat exchanger, in the circulation direction of the circulation loop, to measure the liquid metal temperature at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger respectively; the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, and the fourth temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

3. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the expansion chamber is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump through a first pipe section; the air filling device is installed in the first pipe section; the outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the neutron target system through a second pipe section; the cooling medium outlet of the neutron target system is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger through a third pipe section; and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the expansion chamber through a fourth pipe section.

4. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, An outlet valve is provided at the outlet of the expansion tank to regulate the flow rate of the liquid metal and to cut off the circuit circulation in case of an accident. The outlet valve is an electric valve and is electrically connected to the control module. The control module can control the opening and closing of the outlet valve and the degree of opening.

5. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flow sensor is also installed on the circulation loop to detect the flow rate of liquid metal in the circulation loop. The flow sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

6. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control module includes, The data acquisition module is used to acquire temperature data from the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor, as well as flow data from the flow sensor, and current and voltage data from the heat exchanger, the heating insulation wire and the circulating pump. The data transmission module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and is used to transmit the acquired data to the back-end terminal. The back-end terminal is used to display the data collected by the data acquisition module, and is equipped with five control switches, which respectively control the power supply of the heat exchanger, the heating insulation wire and the circulating pump, as well as control the opening and closing degree of the outlet valve.

7. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neutron target system has an inlet pipe at the cooling medium inlet and an outlet pipe at the cooling medium outlet. The liquid metal enters the neutron target system through the inlet pipe and flows out through the outlet pipe. A first connector and a second connector are respectively provided at the first interface and the second interface. A third connector is provided at the interface of the inlet pipe, and the third connector is detachably connected to the first connector. A fourth connector is provided at the interface of the outlet pipe, and the fourth connector is detachably connected to the second connector.

8. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the expansion chamber has an inclined surface that slopes towards the outlet of the expansion chamber, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface is 15 to 20°; the top of the expansion chamber is provided with an inflation hole and an exhaust hole, and the inflation hole is used to connect to an external inflation device.

9. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator includes a secondary side circuit independent of the circulation circuit. The secondary side circuit is filled with a cooling medium, which is used to receive the heat transferred by the liquid metal in the circulation circuit and dissipate the heat to reduce the temperature of the liquid metal.

10. The liquid metal circulating cooling system for neutron target heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid metal is liquid lithium or a lead-bismuth alloy.

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