Wear-resistant ceramic milling cutter

Abstract

The utility model relates to milling cutter technical field, concretely is a kind of wear-resistant ceramic milling cutter, including handle and ceramic cutter body, the coaxial fixed connection of transition connecting body is connected between ceramic cutter body and handle, the outer surface of ceramic cutter body is equipped with multiple spiral grooves, the cutting edge is formed to spiral groove edge, the spiral heat dissipation channel is set in the inside of ceramic cutter body, the quantity of heat dissipation channel is consistent with spiral groove, one heat dissipation channel is arranged between adjacent spiral groove, one end of heat dissipation channel penetrates the end face of transition connecting body, the other end is close to cutting edge root, ceramic cutter body, spiral groove, cutting edge surface cover double-layer wear-resistant coating, double-layer wear-resistant coating includes bottom layer TiAlN bonding layer and top layer AlCrN wear-resistant layer, the utility model is aimed at solving the low thermal conductivity of the existing ceramic material, the heat generated during cutting effectively diffuses to the problem of material inside or external environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of milling cutter technology, specifically to a wear-resistant ceramic milling cutter. Background Technology

[0002] Ceramic end mills are milling tools made primarily of ceramic. Their core purpose is to perform cutting, carving, and shaping operations on various materials. Their significant advantages lie in their performance. Not only do they have extremely high hardness, enabling them to withstand harsh machining environments that are difficult for conventional tools, but they also possess outstanding high-temperature resistance. Even when generating a large amount of heat during high-speed machining, they are not prone to deformation or performance degradation. Thanks to these characteristics, they perform stably when machining materials with high hardness, and the surface finish and smoothness of the machined workpiece are usually at a good level.

[0003] Existing ceramic materials have low thermal conductivity, making it difficult for the heat generated during cutting to effectively diffuse into the material or the external environment. Instead, the heat accumulates continuously in the cutting edge area of ​​the milling cutter. This heat accumulation quickly creates a localized high-temperature environment that directly affects the cutting edge. This localized high temperature can lead to the deterioration of the cutting edge material's performance. For example, the cutting edge hardness decreases as the temperature rises, its wear resistance is significantly weakened, and it accelerates thermal wear of the cutting edge, thus shortening the lifespan of the milling cutter. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wear-resistant ceramic end mill to solve the problem that existing ceramic materials have low thermal conductivity, making it difficult for the heat generated during cutting to effectively diffuse into the material or the external environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A wear-resistant ceramic end mill includes a shank and a ceramic cutter body. A transition connector is coaxially fixedly connected between the ceramic cutter body and the shank. The outer surface of the ceramic cutter body is provided with multiple spiral grooves, the edges of which form cutting edges. The ceramic cutter body has spiral heat dissipation channels inside, the number of which is the same as the number of spiral grooves. A heat dissipation channel is arranged between adjacent spiral grooves. One end of the heat dissipation channel passes through the end face of the transition connector, and the other end is close to the root of the cutting edge.

[0007] Preferably, the ceramic blade body, spiral groove, and cutting edge surfaces are covered with a double-layer wear-resistant coating.

[0008] Preferably, the double-layer wear-resistant coating comprises a bottom TiAlN bonding layer and a top AlCrN wear-resistant layer.

[0009] Preferably, the transition connector is made of 45# steel, and the transition connector is fixed to the ceramic blade body by welding.

[0010] Preferably, the ceramic blade is made of alumina ceramic material, the diameter of the ceramic blade is 10-20mm, and the depth of the spiral groove is ≤2mm.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the bottom TiAlN bonding layer is 3-5 μm, and the thickness of the top AlCrN wear-resistant layer is 2-3 μm.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0013] 1. The spiral heat dissipation channel can directionally dissipate cutting heat, transferring heat from near the cutting edge to the transition connector and then dissipating it, effectively reducing the working temperature of the ceramic tool body, reducing high temperature damage to the ceramic material, and reducing the risk of thermal wear. The transition connector utilizes the thermal conductivity of steel to quickly transfer the heat of the ceramic tool body, assisting in heat dissipation.

[0014] 2. The dual-layer wear-resistant coating has a clear division of labor. The bottom layer solves the compatibility problem between ceramic and coating, reducing coating peeling caused by thermal expansion differences. The top layer directly resists abrasive wear and thermochemical wear during processing. This dual protection significantly extends the cutting life of the ceramic tool body. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ceramic blade of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Tool holder; 2. Transition connector; 3. Ceramic tool body; 4. Spiral groove; 5. Heat dissipation channel; 6. Cutting edge. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Please see Figures 1 to 2 This utility model provides a technical solution.

[0020] A wear-resistant ceramic end mill includes a shank 1 and a ceramic cutter body 3. A transition connector 2 is coaxially fixedly connected between the ceramic cutter body 3 and the shank 1. The outer surface of the ceramic cutter body 3 has multiple spiral grooves 4 for chip removal, with the edges of the spiral grooves 4 forming cutting edges 6. The surfaces of the ceramic cutter body 3, spiral grooves 4, and cutting edges 6 are covered with a double-layer wear-resistant coating. The double-layer wear-resistant coating includes a bottom TiAlN bonding layer and a top AlCrN wear-resistant layer. The double-layer wear-resistant coating is applied using a physical vapor deposition process. The bottom TiAlN bonding layer buffers the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the ceramic cutter body 3 and the coating, improving coating adhesion and preventing peeling. The top AlCrN wear-resistant layer directly... To resist abrasive and thermochemical wear, the coating only covers the cutting area of ​​the ceramic cutter body 3, leaving the shank 1 area uncoated to ensure clamping accuracy. The ceramic cutter body 3 has a spiral heat dissipation channel 5 inside, the number of which is the same as the spiral groove 4. A heat dissipation channel 5 is arranged between adjacent spiral grooves 4. One end of the heat dissipation channel 5 penetrates the end face of the transition connector 2, and the heat is conducted to the transition connector 2 and then dissipated from the transition connector 2. This can directionally dissipate cutting heat, reduce the working temperature of the ceramic cutter body 3, and reduce thermal wear. The other end is close to the root of the cutting edge 6, and the distance between this end and the cutting edge 6 is 2-3mm. The heat dissipation channel 5 does not penetrate the ceramic cutter body 3.

[0021] The thickness of the bottom TiAlN bonding layer is 3-5μm, and the thickness of the top AlCrN wear-resistant layer is 2-3μm.

[0022] The heat dissipation channel 5 has a diameter of 1-1.5mm.

[0023] The transition connector 2 is made of 45 steel, which has both high strength and thermal conductivity, ensuring the heat conduction efficiency of the transition connector 2 and enabling the heat of the ceramic blade 3 to be quickly conducted to the outside. The transition connector 2 and the ceramic blade 3 are fixed by welding (such as by brazing).

[0024] The ceramic blade body 3 is made of alumina ceramic material, with a diameter of 10-20mm and a spiral groove 4 with a groove depth of ≤2mm.

[0025] The specific steps of this solution are as follows: workpiece preparation: select the workpiece to be processed based on the processing capability of the ceramic milling cutter, ensure that the size of the workpiece processing area is compatible with the milling cutter, clean the workpiece surface, and remove oil, rust, impurities, etc., to avoid impurities affecting the cutting accuracy or damaging the milling cutter cutting edge 6 during processing.

[0026] Equipment and tool preparation: Check the operating status of the milling machine to ensure that the spindle rotates normally, the feed system is stable, and the cooling system is fault-free. Prepare a suitable tool holder chuck, as well as an infrared thermometer for monitoring temperature, a soft cloth for cleaning, and other auxiliary tools.

[0027] Milling cutter clamping: Since the area of ​​the cutter holder 1 is not coated to ensure clamping accuracy, the milling cutter holder 1 is installed into the milling machine spindle chuck. Ensure that the coaxiality of the cutter holder 1 and the chuck meets the requirements, and that the force is moderate to avoid over-clamping and deformation of the cutter holder 1. At the same time, prevent insufficient clamping force from causing the milling cutter to loosen during machining. After clamping, manually rotate the spindle to check whether the milling cutter is eccentric or wobbly.

[0028] Workpiece clamping: Fix the cleaned workpiece on the milling machine worktable, adjust the workpiece position according to the processing requirements, and align the workpiece to be processed area with the milling cutter cutting edge 6.

[0029] Cutting speed setting: Taking into account the wear resistance of the ceramic cutter body 3 and the heat resistance of the double coating, and referring to the hardness, toughness and other parameters of the material being processed, a reasonable cutting speed is set. For example, when processing ordinary steel, the cutting speed can be set to 80-120m / min; when processing softer materials such as aluminum alloys, the cutting speed can be appropriately increased to 150-200m / min to avoid overheating of the milling cutter due to excessive cutting speed, or affecting processing efficiency due to excessively low speed.

[0030] Feed rate setting: The feed rate is set according to the chip removal capacity of the spiral groove 4, the strength of the cutting edge 6, and the workpiece machining accuracy requirements. Generally, the feed rate is controlled at 0.05-0.2 mm / r to ensure that the milling cutter can smoothly remove chips during the cutting process, avoid chip accumulation and blockage of the spiral groove 4, and prevent excessive feed rate from causing the cutting edge 6 to chip or the coating to peel off.

[0031] Depth of cut setting: Considering the brittleness of the ceramic cutter body 3 and the heat dissipation effect of the heat dissipation channel 5, the depth of cut is determined according to the workpiece machining allowance and the diameter of the milling cutter. Usually, the depth of cut in a single pass does not exceed 1 / 3 of the diameter of the milling cutter. For example, for a 10mm diameter milling cutter, the depth of cut in a single pass is controlled within 3mm to reduce the cutting load on the milling cutter and avoid overheating and damage to the cutter body.

[0032] Trial cutting verification: Start the milling machine and bring the milling cutter close to the workpiece area at a low speed to perform a short-distance trial cut. During the trial cut, observe the cutting status of the milling cutter and check whether the cutting edge 6 is cutting normally, whether the spiral groove 4 is removing chips smoothly, and whether the heat dissipation channel 5 is dissipating heat effectively (the temperature of the ceramic cutter body 3 can be monitored by an infrared thermometer, and the normal operating temperature should be controlled below 200℃). At the same time, check the surface quality of the workpiece. If problems such as surface roughness or dimensional deviation occur, adjust the machining parameters in time.

[0033] Formal cutting: After confirming that the trial cut is correct, start formal cutting according to the set processing parameters. The operator needs to continuously observe the cutting situation of the milling cutter and monitor the chip removal status in real time. If chip removal is not smooth in the spiral groove 4, stop processing in time, clean the accumulated chips in the groove, and monitor the temperature of the ceramic cutter body 3 regularly with an infrared thermometer. If the temperature exceeds the limit value, reduce the cutting speed or feed rate appropriately, and continue processing after the temperature drops to the normal range.

[0034] Milling cutter condition monitoring: During the machining process, pause the equipment periodically to check the condition of the milling cutter and see if the double-layer wear-resistant coating is worn or peeled off. If the damaged area of ​​the coating is large, the milling cutter needs to be replaced. Check the cutting edge 6 for chipping or dulling. If there is slight dulling, simple re-grinding can be performed. If the chipping is severe, a new milling cutter needs to be replaced.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant ceramic end mill, comprising a shank (1) and a ceramic cutter body (3), characterized in that: The ceramic cutter body (3) and the handle (1) are coaxially fixedly connected by a transition connector (2). The outer surface of the ceramic cutter body (3) is provided with multiple spiral grooves (4). The edges of the spiral grooves (4) form cutting edges (6). The interior of the ceramic cutter body (3) is provided with spiral heat dissipation channels (5). The number of heat dissipation channels (5) is the same as that of the spiral grooves (4). A heat dissipation channel (5) is arranged between adjacent spiral grooves (4). One end of the heat dissipation channel (5) passes through the end face of the transition connector (2), and the other end is close to the root of the cutting edge (6).

2. The wear-resistant ceramic end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic blade body (3), spiral groove (4), and cutting edge (6) are covered with a double-layer wear-resistant coating.

3. The wear-resistant ceramic end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dual-layer wear-resistant coating comprises a bottom TiAlN bonding layer and a top AlCrN wear-resistant layer.

4. The wear-resistant ceramic end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition connector (2) is made of No. 45 steel, and the transition connector (2) is fixed to the ceramic blade body (3) by welding.

5. The wear-resistant ceramic end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic blade body (3) is made of alumina ceramic material, the diameter of the ceramic blade body (3) is 10-20mm, and the depth of the spiral groove (4) is ≤2mm.

6. The wear-resistant ceramic end mill according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the bottom TiAlN bonding layer is 3-5 μm, and the thickness of the top AlCrN wear-resistant layer is 2-3 μm.

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