Rock breaking device for ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting cooperation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of rock breaking device of ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting cooperation, it is related to rock breaking device technical field.The rock breaking device includes shield machine cutting system and ultrasonic vibration drilling device;Shield machine cutting system includes circular ring cutter head, and the circle center area of cutter head is equipped with mounting groove;Ultrasonic vibration drilling device is fixedly installed in mounting groove by connecting sleeve, including ultrasonic generator, transducer, variable amplitude tool head, vibrating block, pressure transmission block, rock drill rod and rock drill bit.The utility model is integrated by the structure of ultrasonic vibration drilling and mechanical cutting, can form pressure-relief zone in hard rock formation efficiently, significantly improve rock breaking efficiency, reduce tool wear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rock breaking device technology, specifically to a rock breaking device that combines ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting. Background Technology

[0002] As mine service life increases and shallow resources decrease, mining is gradually shifting towards deeper areas, leading to a greater workload in system roadway engineering. This is especially true for hard rock mines, which typically exhibit high rock strength, good integrity, and high wear resistance, severely impacting tunneling operations and mining succession. Therefore, improving rock breaking efficiency in hard rock formations is of great significance.

[0003] In traditional rock breaking practices, drilling and blasting and conventional mechanical tunneling are the two most widely used methods. However, due to objective conditions such as rock hardness and burial depth, their limitations have gradually become apparent: drilling and blasting has a slow hole-forming speed and poor blasting efficiency; conventional mechanical tunneling is prone to insufficient rock-breaking capacity and rapid wear and tear of equipment and materials when facing high-hardness rock masses. Neither method can meet the needs of efficient mine construction for rock breaking speed and cost control.

[0004] To address the efficiency issues in hard rock breaking and tunneling, existing technologies attempt to combine pre-drilling with cutterheads or cutting heads to improve rock-breaking capabilities. Patent CN219809002U discloses a rock-breaking device and tunneling machine that uses a drill rod mounting base at the center of the cutterhead and various types of jet drill rods for pre-splitting, thus improving adaptability to hard rock conditions and reducing cutterhead load to some extent. However, this solution lacks a dedicated drilling structure adapted to the characteristics of hard rock, and the coordination between drilling and cutting operations needs improvement.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new rock-breaking device to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this utility model discloses a rock-breaking device that combines ultrasonic drilling with shield cutting. By optimizing the assembly structure and functional synergy between the ultrasonic vibration drilling device and the shield machine, efficient rock breaking is achieved and cutter wear is reduced.

[0007] The present invention provides a rock-breaking device that combines ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting, comprising a shield cutting system and an ultrasonic vibration drilling device.

[0008] The shield machine cutting system includes a circular cutterhead, with rolling cutters and scraping cutters evenly distributed along the circumference of the cutterhead end face; an installation groove is provided in the central area of ​​the cutterhead.

[0009] The ultrasonic vibration drilling device includes an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer tool head, a vibrating block, a pressure transmitting block, a rock drilling rod, and a rock drilling bit. The ultrasonic generator, transducer, amplitude transformer tool head, vibrating block, and pressure transmitting block are integrated into the head of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device and fixedly installed in the mounting groove. One end of the rock drilling rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the vibrating block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rock drilling bit. The ultrasonic generator is a vibration energy source. The transducer is located between the ultrasonic generator and the amplitude transformer tool head. Its input end is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and its output end is fixedly connected to the amplitude transformer tool head to receive electrical signals and convert them into mechanical vibrations that are transmitted to the amplitude transformer tool head. The output end of the amplitude transformer tool head is fixedly connected to the vibrating block. The pressure transmitting block has a sleeve-like structure, and its inner wall forms a cavity adapted to accommodate the vibrating block to enclose it. One end of the pressure transmitting block is fixedly connected to the input end of the amplitude transformer tool head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the rock drilling rod.

[0010] Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration drilling device is fitted with a connecting sleeve around its head, and the ultrasonic vibration drilling device is fixedly installed in the mounting groove through the connecting sleeve; an elastic damping connector is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve, the elastic damping connector is a ring structure, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the mounting groove; an elastic buffer surface is provided at the bottom of the mounting groove.

[0011] Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration drilling device further includes a hollow water supply channel, which is arranged axially within the rock drill rod and connected to the water supply pipeline in the shield machine cutting system.

[0012] Preferably, the variable amplitude tool head is stepped, with the input end diameter being larger than the output end diameter, and the input end and output end being connected by a conical transition section, with the transition section and the two ends being machined with rounded chamfers.

[0013] Preferably, the end face of the rock drill bit is provided with radially arranged carbide cutting teeth.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting synergy rock breaking device disclosed in this utility model are:

[0015] (1) This utility model fixes a high-power ultrasonic vibration drilling device at the center of the shield machine cutterhead, ensuring that the center of the large-diameter pressure relief hole drilled by the ultrasonic vibration drilling device coincides with the center of the shield machine cutting section. The ultrasonic vibration drilling device generates high-frequency vibration, and uses ultrasonic resonance to drill a large-diameter pressure relief hole in hard rock, causing the surrounding rock mass to form a pressure relief zone covering the entire shield section, thereby achieving rock pressure relief; the shield machine cutter cuts the pressure-relieved rock, and the drilling and cutting rates are controlled simultaneously to achieve parallel drilling and cutting operations, realizing efficient rock breaking through the shield machine in synergy between ultrasonic vibration drilling and shield machine.

[0016] (2) The ultrasonic vibration drilling device can achieve full-face pressure relief of rock mass by drilling large-diameter pressure relief holes. Combined with the variable amplitude tool head and elastic buffer structure, it can not only improve the applicability of drilling operations, but also reduce the interference of vibration on the cutting system, which helps to maintain the overall operational stability and service life of the device.

[0017] (3) The overall structure does not require major modifications to the existing tunnel boring machine. It is easy to assemble and use. The relevant operating parameters can be adjusted according to the actual geological conditions to adapt to the needs of different hard rock tunneling scenarios, and it has good practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is the front view of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a rock-breaking device that combines ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting, as disclosed in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an ultrasonic vibration drilling device.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Large-diameter pressure relief hole; 2-Cutterhead; 21-Roller cutter; 22-Scraper; 3-Ultrasonic vibration drilling device; 31-Vibration block; 32-Amplitude variable tool head; 33-Hollow water supply channel; 34-Rock drill rod; 35-Ultrasonic generator; 36-Pressure transmission block; 37-Rock drill bit; 38-Connecting sleeve; 39-Transducer; 4-Propulsion cylinder; 5-Cutterhead drive; 6-Soil chamber; 7-Screw conveyor; 8-Water supply pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0024] Figures 1-3 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown and analyzed in detail.

[0025] like Figure 2The rock-breaking device shown is a combination of ultrasonic drilling and shield cutting, including a shield cutting system and an ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3. The ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 is the core drilling execution component, which is coaxially assembled with the shield cutting system to form a collaborative structure of advanced drilling pressure relief and synchronous cutting and crushing, which is suitable for hard rock formations.

[0026] The shield machine cutting system includes a circular cutterhead 2, a propulsion cylinder 4, a cutterhead drive 5, a soil chamber 6, a screw conveyor 7, and a water supply pipeline 8.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the cutter head 2 is the core cutting component, made of Q345 steel. The cutting body end face of the cutter head 2 is evenly distributed with roller cutters 21 and scrapers 22 along the circumference. The roller cutter 21 is a 17-inch single-edged roller cutter with a WC-Co cemented carbide rim, protruding 15mm from the end face of the cutter head 2, used for hard rock crushing. The scraper 22 is made of wear-resistant alloy with a cutting edge hardness ≥ HRC60, protruding 10mm from the end face of the cutter head 2, used for cleaning up rock debris after cutting. A coaxial mounting groove is provided in the central area of ​​the cutter head 2.

[0028] The propulsion cylinder 4 adopts a dual-cylinder synchronous drive structure to drive the cutterhead 2 to feed smoothly along the tunneling direction, and the feed speed is adjustable.

[0029] The cutter head drive 5 is a hydraulic motor that drives the cutter head 2 to rotate through gear transmission, and the output torque is adapted to the needs of hard rock cutting.

[0030] Earthen silo 6 has a volume of 1.2m³. 3 The inner wall is lined with 10mm thick wear-resistant plates to temporarily store broken rocks and prevent wear on the silo walls.

[0031] The screw conveyor has a diameter of 400mm, blades made of wear-resistant steel, and a conveying capacity of ≥25m³. 3 / h, with an inclination angle of 15°, can quickly transport rock cuttings from the soil chamber 6 to the outside of the tunnel boring machine, ensuring continuous cutting operations.

[0032] like Figure 3As shown, the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 includes an ultrasonic generator 35, a transducer 39, an amplitude transformer tool head 32, a vibrating block 31, a pressure transmitting block 36, a rock drilling rod 34, and a rock drilling bit 37. The ultrasonic generator 35, transducer 39, amplitude transformer tool head 32, vibrating block 31, and pressure transmitting block 36 are integrated into the head of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 and fixedly installed in the mounting groove. One end of the rock drilling rod 34 is fixedly connected to the output end of the vibrating block 31, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rock drilling bit 37. Specifically, a connecting sleeve 38 is fitted around the outer periphery of the head of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3, and the head of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 38 by bolts. The ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 is coaxially and tightly fixed to the mounting groove through the connecting sleeve 38. Specifically, bolt positioning holes are machined on the inner wall of the mounting groove, and connecting holes matching the bolt positioning holes are also provided on the connecting sleeve 38. The connecting sleeve 38 is fixedly connected to the mounting groove by fixing bolts to ensure that the coaxiality of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 and the cutter head 2 is ≤0.05mm. The connecting sleeve 38 is made of 45# steel, and a nitrile rubber elastic damping connector is fixed on the outer wall. The elastic damping connector has a ring structure, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the mounting groove. It is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 38 by interference fit or bonding, avoiding the connecting holes, forming a vibration isolation layer between the connecting sleeve 38 and the inner wall of the mounting groove. The bottom of the mounting groove is also provided with a nitrile rubber elastic buffer surface, which, together with the elastic damping connector on the outside of the connecting sleeve 38, forms a double vibration isolation to prevent ultrasonic vibration from being transmitted to the cutter head 2 and causing damage to the cutter head 2.

[0033] The ultrasonic generator 35 has an adjustable output frequency within the range of 25-30kHz to adapt to the natural frequencies of hard rock of different strengths. The frequency adjustment accuracy is ±0.5kHz, and the rated power is 40kW. It is connected to the tunnel boring machine's explosion-proof power supply system via an electrical conductor to provide energy for the vibration. When the compressive strength of the hard rock is 60-80MPa, the output frequency is adapted to 25-28kHz; when the compressive strength of the hard rock is 80-100MPa, the output frequency is adapted to 28-30kHz to ensure resonance with the natural frequency of the hard rock.

[0034] The transducer 39 has a stacked disc structure, composed of alternating stacked piezoelectric ceramic plates and metal electrode plates, adapted to the operating frequency of the generator. A protective shell surrounds the transducer 39 to enclose the alternating stacked disc-shaped piezoelectric ceramic plates and brass metal electrode plates. The transducer 39 is positioned between the ultrasonic generator 35 and the amplitude transformer head 32. Its input end is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 35, and its output end is rigidly fixed to the amplitude transformer head 32 via a threaded connection. During the threading process, the end face of the transducer 39 is ensured to be tightly fitted to the input end face of the amplitude transformer head 32 to avoid energy loss due to gaps during high-frequency vibration transmission. The transducer 39 receives high-frequency electrical signals and converts them into high-frequency mechanical vibrations, which are then transmitted to the amplitude transformer head 32. This ensures that the electrical energy output from the ultrasonic generator 35 is stably converted into the mechanical vibrations required for rock breaking. Simultaneously, the stacked structure enhances vibration stability, preventing amplitude attenuation caused by energy fluctuations during hard rock drilling.

[0035] The amplitude-changing tool head 32 is made of high-hardness magnesium-aluminum alloy and has a stepped shape along the vibration transmission direction. The diameter of the input end is larger than that of the output end, and the input end and output end are connected by a conical transition section with a generatrix length of 60mm. The transition section has a 5mm radius chamfer, which can effectively avoid vibration stress concentration and ensure stable amplitude transmission. The amplitude-changing tool head 32 can efficiently concentrate vibration energy and amplify the amplitude, ensuring that the rock drill bit 37 can drill large-diameter pressure relief holes 1 with sufficient vibration intensity, creating pressure relief conditions for subsequent shield cutting, and reducing the dispersion loss of vibration energy during transmission.

[0036] The pressure transmission block 36 is a sleeve-shaped structure made of 40Cr material with a surface hardness of HRC50-55. It is used to uniformly transmit the vibration energy output by the ultrasonic generator 35 to the vibrating block 31. The inner wall of the pressure transmission block 36 forms a cavity that accommodates the vibrating block 31. One end of the pressure transmission block 36 is fixedly connected to the input end of the amplitude transformer head 32, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the rock drill rod 34 that connects to the vibrating block 31. The pressure transmission block 36 achieves an indirect rigid connection with the amplitude transformer head 32 and the rock drill rod 34, ensuring synchronous transmission of vibration energy and forming a transmission channel for the main vibration load. Specifically, the end of the pressure transmission block 36 that connects to the amplitude transformer head 32 is fixed to the amplitude transformer head 32 by threaded engagement, and then reinforced by an anti-loosening structure (such as an anti-loosening nut or spot welding) to prevent the connection from loosening due to high-frequency vibration.

[0037] Vibration block 31 is made of titanium alloy and is placed in the receiving cavity of pressure transmission block 36. It is a vibration transmission buffer component. Vibration block 31 is fixedly installed at the output end of amplitude transformer head 32. The connection method can be integral molding (such as forging) or threaded fixing to ensure that the vibration amplified by amplitude transformer head 32 can be stably transmitted to vibration block 31.

[0038] The rock drill rod 34 serves as the vibration transmission and drilling carrier, and is fixedly connected to the vibrating block 31 via a threaded connection. After threading, torque reinforcement is applied to prevent relative rotation during drilling. A hollow water supply channel 33 is axially located inside the rock drill rod 34. One end of the hollow water supply channel 33 connects to the water supply pipeline 8 of the shield machine's cutting system via a quick-connect coupling, while the other end extends to the rock drill bit 37, connecting to the water jet hole on the end face of the rock drill bit 37, forming a complete water supply path. The water supply pipeline 8 connects to an external high-pressure water pump on the shield machine, continuously supplying water to the drilling area to cool the area and remove rock cuttings. One end of the hollow water supply channel 33, connected to the water supply pipeline 8, extends from the end of the rock drill rod 34 near the vibrating block 31. The rock drill rod 34 is made of 27SiMn alloy steel pipe, and its outer wall is coated with a 0.1mm thick wear-resistant coating of WC material to extend its service life.

[0039] The rock drill bit 37 is the drilling actuator. Made of YG8 cemented carbide, it has four evenly distributed water jet holes on its end face, connected to the hollow water supply channel 33. The end face of the rock drill bit 37 has eight radial cutting teeth with a tooth spacing of 10mm and a hardness ≥HRC65, suitable for hard rock drilling. The rock drill rod 34 and the rock drill bit 37 need to be selected according to the size requirements of the large-diameter pressure relief hole 1 to be drilled.

[0040] Working principle: Insert the end connecting sleeve 38 of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 into the mounting groove at the center of the cutter head 2, tighten the M16 fixing bolts, and calibrate the coaxiality with a dial indicator to ensure ≤0.05mm; connect the high-pressure water supply line 8 to the hollow water supply channel 33, start the water supply pump, and check whether the water flow is smooth; start the ultrasonic generator 35 and adjust the output frequency to 25kHz (adapted to the natural frequency of 60MPa granite); start the cutter head drive 5 and the propulsion cylinder 4, and confirm that the cutter head 2 rotates smoothly and the feed is without jamming. After preparation, the propulsion cylinder 4 is activated to push the cutterhead 2, and simultaneously the ultrasonic generator 35 is activated. The high-frequency vibration generated by the transducer 39 is transmitted to the amplitude-modulating tool head 32. After the amplitude-modulating tool head 32 amplifies the amplitude, it is transmitted to the vibrating block 31, and then to the hollow rock drilling rod 34 and the rock drilling bit 37. The rock drilling rod 34 and the rock drilling bit 37 move before the cutterhead 2, extending into the rock layer to drill the first large-diameter pressure relief hole 1 at the predetermined depth. After the first large-diameter pressure relief hole 1 is drilled, the cutterhead 2 is in close contact with the hard rock section. The propulsion cylinder 4 continues to push the cutterhead 2 forward to continue drilling. At the same time as drilling, the cutterhead drive 5 drives the cutterhead 2 to rotate at a speed of 6 r / min. The roller cutter 21 cuts the granite within the pressure relief ring range. The scraper 22 simultaneously cleans up the rock cuttings generated by cutting. The rock blocks enter the soil chamber 6 through the opening on the cutterhead 2, and are then conveyed by the screw conveyor 7 at a speed of 25 m. 3Water is supplied to the outside of the tunnel boring machine at a rate of / h; during drilling, water supply pipeline 8 continuously supplies water, which flows through the hollow water supply channel 33 and is ejected from the water jet hole of the rock drill bit 37, carrying rock cuttings out of the drilling area to avoid rock cuttings clogging and affecting vibration transmission. After a single cycle of advance is completed, the propulsion cylinder 4 drives the cutterhead 2 forward, and the ultrasonic vibration drilling device 3 simultaneously drills the next section of empty hole, repeating the above drilling and cutting process to achieve continuous tunneling.

[0041] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic drilling and shield tunneling cutting cooperative rock breaking device, characterized in that, Including the shield machine cutting system and the ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3); The shield machine cutting system includes a circular cutterhead (2), on which rolling cutters (21) and scrapers (22) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the end face of the cutterhead (2); an installation groove is provided in the central area of ​​the cutterhead (2); The ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3) includes an ultrasonic generator (35), a transducer (39), an amplitude transformer tool head (32), a vibration block (31), a pressure transmission block (36), a rock drilling rod (34), and a rock drilling bit (37); the ultrasonic generator (35), transducer (39), amplitude transformer tool head (32), vibration block (31), and pressure transmission block (36) are integrated into the head of the ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3) and fixedly installed in the mounting groove; one end of the rock drilling rod (34) is fixedly connected to the output end of the vibration block (31), and the other end is fixedly connected to the rock drilling bit (37); the ultrasonic generator (35) is the vibration energy source, and the transducer... (39) is set between the ultrasonic generator (35) and the amplitude transformer head (32). Its input end is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator (35), and its output end is fixedly connected to the amplitude transformer head (32) to receive electrical signals and convert the electrical signals into mechanical vibrations to be transmitted to the amplitude transformer head (32). The output end of the amplitude transformer head (32) is fixedly connected to the vibration block (31). The pressure transmission block (36) is a sleeve-shaped structure. Its inner wall forms a cavity that is adapted to the vibration block (31) to enclose the vibration block (31). One end of the pressure transmission block (36) is fixedly connected to the input end of the amplitude transformer head (32), and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the rock drilling rod (34).

2. The rock breaking device of claim 1, wherein, The ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3) has a connecting sleeve (38) on its outer periphery. The ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3) is fixedly installed in the mounting groove through the connecting sleeve (38). An elastic damping connector is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve (38). The elastic damping connector is a ring structure, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the mounting groove. An elastic buffer surface is provided at the bottom of the mounting groove.

3. The rock breaking device of claim 1, wherein, The ultrasonic vibration drilling device (3) also includes a hollow water supply channel (33), which is arranged axially in the rock drill rod (34) and connected to the water supply pipeline (8) in the shield machine cutting system.

4. The rock breaking device of claim 1, wherein, The variable amplitude tool head (32) is stepped, with the input end diameter being larger than the output end diameter. The input end and the output end are connected by a conical transition section, and the connection between the transition section and the two ends is machined with a rounded chamfer.

5. The rock breaking device of claim 1, wherein, The rock drill bit (37) has radially arranged carbide cutting teeth on its end face.

Images