Trapezoidal concrete form and full-face formwork

Abstract

A trapezoidal concrete formwork and a full-section module are disclosed. The formwork unit comprises a second split formwork in the center and first and third split formworks on the left and right sides. The first split formwork is an inverted right-angled trapezoid with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end. The second split formwork is also trapezoidal, with its short side at the top, its long side at the bottom, and its left hypotenuse angle matching that of the first split formwork. The third split formwork is also an inverted right-angled trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse angle matching that of the second split formwork. The first, second, and third split formworks are of the same height and are sequentially and closely connected to form a single formwork unit. The module consists of multiple single formwork units arranged adjacent to each other from top to bottom to form a rectangular full-section module. This formwork and module can meet the needs of rapid concrete formwork construction in rectangular tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building construction technology, and specifically relates to a trapezoidal concrete formwork. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, all mines are operated using mechanized methods, and the vast majority of mine roadways are rectangular. Coal mines require extensive sealing work, especially in roadways connecting to goaf areas, where fireproof sealing is essential. These sealing walls must withstand significant mining pressure and be airtight; concrete sealing walls are an ideal material. Before constructing the concrete sealing walls, concrete formwork is typically erected, and then concrete paste is poured into the formwork. During the construction of sealed concrete walls, the height and width of roadways vary significantly across different mines. Even within the same mine, multi-seam mining is common, with some seams exceeding 8 meters in thickness and others less than 2 meters. Roadway heights also vary considerably, typically ranging from 2.2 to 4.4 meters. Furthermore, mechanized mine roadway excavation utilizes large equipment such as roadheaders and anchor bolt cutters. To ensure the equipment can move in, out, and turn, the width of roadway openings is often substantial. This necessitates the use of formwork of varying sizes to accommodate the changing roadway cross-sections, particularly the large concrete span at the openings. To meet the sealing requirements of roadway cross-sections ranging from thin to extra-thick coal seams, a highly versatile concrete formwork is urgently needed. This would effectively address the shortcomings of existing concrete formwork, such as poor adaptability, high workload, and inability to meet rapid construction requirements. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a trapezoidal concrete formwork. This formwork has a simple structure, is easy to transport and construct, has a simple assembly and erection process, requires minimal work, and can meet the needs of rapid construction of concrete formwork for rectangular roadways. It can adapt to the use of concrete formwork for roadway cross-sections of all sizes, from thin coal seams to extra-thick coal seams. The module has a simple structure, simple erection process, requires minimal work, has a fast erection speed, high formwork utilization rate, and good application flexibility. Through different combinations of individual formwork units, it can achieve rapid changes in overall width or precise matching with roadway width, effectively covering the entire rectangular roadway cross-section without the need for additional formwork to seal off empty areas. This effectively reduces construction steps and accelerates construction efficiency, meeting the needs of rapid construction of concrete formwork for rectangular roadways of different sizes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a trapezoidal concrete formwork, including a single formwork unit; The template unit is rectangular in shape, and its length is adapted to the width of the tunnel. The template unit includes a first split template located on the left, a second split template located in the middle, and a third split template located on the right. The first split template is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end. The second split template is trapezoidal, with its short side at the top and its long side at the bottom, and the angle of its left hypotenuse is the same as the angle of the first split template. The third split template is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the left end, and the angle of the hypotenuse is the same as the angle of the hypotenuse of the second split template. The first, second, and third split templates have the same height and are sequentially connected to form a template unit.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment, the second split template is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.

[0006] Furthermore, in order to improve the versatility of the modular templates and facilitate more efficient splicing of the modular templates, the difference between the long side and the short side of the first modular template is a multiple of 50mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third modular template is also a multiple of 50mm.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to improve the versatility of the modular templates and facilitate more efficient splicing of the modular templates, the difference between the long side and the short side of the first modular template is 100mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third modular template is 100mm.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the identification of matching templates from multiple templates, and to enable the rapid identification of the corresponding template length based on the tunnel dimensions (such as width) for quick assembly, the first, second, and third templates are all marked with numbers and length data.

[0009] In this invention, the template unit is composed of three separate templates: two in a right-angled trapezoidal shape and one in a trapezoidal shape. This not only effectively reduces the length of the separate templates, facilitating transportation and handling, but also allows for easy assembly of the template unit in narrow environments within roadways. Furthermore, because the template unit uses a combination of multiple separate modules, different lengths of modules can be combined to quickly and accurately adjust the size of the template unit when the roadway dimensions change. This ensures that the length of the assembled template unit exactly covers the entire width of the roadway, adapting to the concrete formwork requirements of roadway cross-sections of all sizes, from thin to extra-thick coal seams. Thus, by using vertically arranged template units, the entire rectangular roadway cross-section can be effectively covered, effectively adapting to closed construction conditions with significant changes in roadway cross-section. This eliminates the need for using scattered templates to seal off empty areas, effectively reducing construction steps and accelerating construction efficiency. Simultaneously, it effectively solves the problem of traditional template erection failing to effectively cover rectangular roadway cross-sections and effectively avoids material waste.

[0010] This template has a simple structure, is easy to transport and construct, has a simple assembly and support process, requires little work, can meet the needs of rapid construction of concrete templates for rectangular roadways, and can adapt to the use of concrete templates for roadway cross sections of all sizes from thin coal seams to extra-thick coal seams.

[0011] This utility model also provides a full-section module, which adopts a trapezoidal concrete template. The template unit consists of multiple pieces, which are arranged adjacent to each other from top to bottom to form a rectangular full-section module. In the full-section module, multiple first-section templates are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a first combined template. The first combined template is in the shape of an inverted right trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end. Multiple second-section templates are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a second combined template. The second combined template is in the shape of an upright trapezoid, with its short side at the top, its long side at the bottom, and its left hypotenuse angle being the same as that of the first combined template. Multiple third-section templates are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a third combined template. The third combined template is in the shape of an inverted right trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the left end, and its hypotenuse angle being the same as that of the second combined template.

[0012] Furthermore, to facilitate one-to-one assembly into modular units, and to facilitate sequentially locating the sub-templates and quickly assembling them into a full-section module, in the full-section module, the multiple first sub-templates in the first combined template are numbered using the first group, and the numbers of the multiple first sub-templates distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple second sub-templates in the second combined template are numbered using the second group, and the numbers of the multiple second sub-templates distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple third sub-templates in the third combined template are numbered using the third group, and the numbers of the multiple third sub-templates distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially.

[0013] Furthermore, to facilitate classification, placement, and retrieval, the first, second, and third combination templates in the full-section module are numbered with different colors.

[0014] In this invention, a rectangular full-section module is formed by arranging multiple template units in a sequentially adjacent configuration. This effectively meets the requirements for sealed construction in rectangular tunnels. Since each template unit consists of three types of separate templates, this not only facilitates assembly within the narrow environment of the tunnel but also ensures that the length of the assembled template unit precisely covers the entire width of the tunnel. Furthermore, by utilizing a large number of these three types of separate templates in combination, a full-section module effectively covering the rectangular cross-section can be formed. The gap between the formed full-section module and the two sides of the tunnel can be controlled within 50mm, which is achieved through edge sealing. The strips quickly seal off any empty areas, eliminating the need for additional sporadic templates to seal the empty sections. This significantly reduces the workload of formwork construction for sealed support and greatly improves the formwork speed. With this type of full-section module, there's no need to shorten or lengthen individual templates; the sequentially arranged template units can be quickly assembled to form a full-section module adaptable to different roadway widths and heights. One full-section module can replace multiple traditional templates of varying sizes, effectively adapting to all roadway widths from thin to extra-thick coal seams, and accommodating a wide range of roadway cross-sectional variations.

[0015] This modular unit features a simple structure, convenient installation process, minimal workload, rapid formwork erection, high formwork utilization, and good application flexibility. Through variations and combinations of different individual formwork units, it can achieve rapid changes in overall width or precisely match the width of the tunnel. It effectively covers the entire rectangular tunnel cross-section, eliminating the need for additional formwork to seal any gaps, thus significantly reducing construction steps and accelerating construction efficiency. It can meet the needs of rapid concrete formwork construction for rectangular tunnels of different sizes. Furthermore, the full-section module formed by this method can be reused multiple times, effectively avoiding material waste. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. First split template, 2. Second split template, 3. Third split template, 4. Template unit, 5. First combined template, 6. Second combined template, 7. Third combined template. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with its implementation.

[0019] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a trapezoidal concrete formwork includes a single formwork unit 4; The template unit 4 is rectangular in shape, and its length is adapted to the width of the tunnel. The template unit 4 includes a first split template 1 located on the left, a second split template 2 located in the middle, and a third split template 3 located on the right. The first split template 1 is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end; The second split template 2 is trapezoidal in shape, with its short side at the top and its long side at the bottom, and the angle of its left hypotenuse is the same as the angle of the hypotenuse of the first split template 1. The third split template 3 is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the left end, and the angle of the hypotenuse is the same as the angle of the hypotenuse of the second split template 2. The first split template 1, the second split template 2, and the third split template 3 have the same height, and the first split template 1, the second split template 2, and the third split template 3 are sequentially connected to form a template unit 4.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the height of the first split template 1, the second split template 2, and the third split template 3 is 400mm.

[0021] The second split template 2 is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.

[0022] In order to improve the versatility of the modular templates and facilitate more efficient splicing of the modular templates, the difference between the long side and the short side of the first modular template 1 is a multiple of 50mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third modular template 3 is a multiple of 50mm.

[0023] In order to improve the versatility of the modular templates and facilitate more efficient splicing of the modular templates, the difference between the long side and the short side of the first modular template 1 is 100mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third modular template 3 is 100mm.

[0024] To facilitate the identification of matching templates from multiple modular templates, and to enable rapid determination of the corresponding template length based on the tunnel dimensions (such as width) for quick assembly, the first modular template 1, the second modular template 2, and the third modular template 3 are all marked with numbers and length data. Preferably, the length of each template is based on the length of its centerline along its height direction.

[0025] In this invention, the template unit is composed of three separate templates: two in a right-angled trapezoidal shape and one in a trapezoidal shape. This not only effectively reduces the length of the separate templates, facilitating transportation and handling, but also allows for easy assembly of the template unit in narrow environments within roadways. Furthermore, because the template unit uses a combination of multiple separate modules, different lengths of modules can be combined to quickly and accurately adjust the size of the template unit when the roadway dimensions change. This ensures that the length of the assembled template unit exactly covers the entire width of the roadway, adapting to the concrete formwork requirements of roadway cross-sections of all sizes, from thin to extra-thick coal seams. Thus, by using vertically arranged template units, the entire rectangular roadway cross-section can be effectively covered, effectively adapting to closed construction conditions with significant changes in roadway cross-section. This eliminates the need for using scattered templates to seal off empty areas, effectively reducing construction steps and accelerating construction efficiency. Simultaneously, it effectively solves the problem of traditional template erection failing to effectively cover rectangular roadway cross-sections and effectively avoids material waste.

[0026] This template has a simple structure, is easy to transport and construct, has a simple assembly and support process, requires little work, can meet the needs of rapid construction of concrete templates for rectangular roadways, and can adapt to the use of concrete templates for roadway cross sections of all sizes from thin coal seams to extra-thick coal seams.

[0027] Example 2: like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model also provides a full-section module, which adopts a trapezoidal concrete template. The template unit 4 consists of multiple pieces, which are arranged adjacent to each other from top to bottom to form a rectangular full-section module. As a preferred embodiment, the size of the full-section module is 6m×6m. In the full-section module, multiple first split templates 1 are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a first combined template 5. The first combined template 5 is in the shape of an inverted right trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end. Multiple second split templates 2 are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a second combined template 6. The second combined template 6 is in the shape of an upright trapezoid, with its short side at the top, its long side at the bottom, and its left hypotenuse angle being the same as the hypotenuse angle of the first combined template 5. Multiple third split templates 3 are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a third combined template 7. The third combined template 7 is in the shape of an inverted right trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the left end, and its hypotenuse angle being the same as the hypotenuse angle of the second combined template 6.

[0028] In the full-section module, the multiple first split templates 1 in the first combined template 5 are numbered in the first group, and the numbers of the multiple first split templates 1 distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple second split templates 2 in the second combined template 6 are numbered in the second group, and the numbers of the multiple second split templates 2 distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple third split templates 3 in the third combined template 7 are numbered in the third group, and the numbers of the multiple third split templates 3 distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially.

[0029] To facilitate classification, placement, and retrieval, the first combination template 5, the second combination template 6, and the third combination template 7 in the full-section module are numbered with different colors.

[0030] In practical applications, a certain mine's main coal seam is 8m thick and 8m thick, which further branches into two layers of 6m and 2m thick. The roadway height varies significantly. Using three sets of formwork of different specifications (multiple first-section formwork 1, multiple second-section formwork 2, and multiple third-section formwork 3) to seal the concrete walls of the roadway connecting to the goaf was prone to errors in formwork usage. By adopting this concrete formwork, only one set is needed to replace the original three sets.

[0031] In practice, there are five possible combinations of the initial base template to adapt to different tunnel widths: First, the numbering of the middle trapezoidal template (second split template 2) changes, while the numbering of the two right-angled trapezoidal templates (first split template 1 and third split template 3) remains unchanged; second, the numbering of the middle trapezoidal template (second split template 2) remains unchanged, while the numbering of the two right-angled trapezoidal templates (first split template 1 and third split template 3) changes synchronously; third, only the numbering of one side of the template (first split template 1, second split template 2, or third split template 3) changes; fourth, the numbering of one side of the template (first split template 1 or third split template 3) remains unchanged, while the numbering of the middle trapezoidal template (second split template 2) and the other side template (third split template 3 or first split template 1) changes synchronously; fifth, two of the first four variations are combined. The advantage of using multiple combinations of variations is that, while precisely achieving a small adjustment of 100mm in width, it can maximize the satisfaction of formwork requirements for large-span tunnels with widths exceeding 7m or ultra-high tunnels with heights of 4.4m or even higher, or simultaneously meet the formwork requirements for large-span ultra-high tunnels. For example, when the tunnel width is not equal to 6m, the starting number of the bottom layer template is selected by dividing the difference from 6m by 2. For example, when the tunnel width exceeds 6m, the starting number of the trapezoidal template (second split template 2) remains unchanged, and the starting numbers of the right-angled trapezoidal templates on both sides (first split template 1, third split template 3) start from 3, that is, the three templates 1-3, 2-1, and 3-3 form the base. When the tunnel width is less than 6m, such as 5.4m, the starting templates of the right-angled trapezoids on both sides (first split template 1, third split template 3) remain unchanged, and the middle trapezoidal template (second split template 2) starts with 2-3, that is, the three templates 1-1, 2-3, and 3-1 form the base. When the width of the tunnel is 5.5m, 6.7m, etc., and the decimal part is odd, only adjust the right-angled trapezoidal template on one side (first split template 1 or third split template 3) or simultaneously adjust the middle (second split template 2) and one of the templates on one side (first split template 1 or third split template 3).

[0032] In this invention, a rectangular full-section module is formed by arranging multiple template units in a sequentially adjacent configuration. This effectively meets the requirements for sealed construction in rectangular tunnels. Since each template unit consists of three types of separate templates, this not only facilitates assembly within the narrow environment of the tunnel but also ensures that the length of the assembled template unit precisely covers the entire width of the tunnel. Furthermore, by utilizing a large number of these three types of separate templates in combination, a full-section module effectively covering the rectangular cross-section can be formed. The gap between the formed full-section module and the two sides of the tunnel can be controlled within 50mm, which is achieved through edge sealing. The strips quickly seal off any empty areas, eliminating the need for additional sporadic templates to seal the empty sections. This significantly reduces the workload of formwork construction for sealed support and greatly improves the formwork speed. With this type of full-section module, there's no need to shorten or lengthen individual templates; the sequentially arranged template units can be quickly assembled to form a full-section module adaptable to different roadway widths and heights. One full-section module can replace multiple traditional templates of varying sizes, effectively adapting to all roadway widths from thin to extra-thick coal seams, and accommodating a wide range of roadway cross-sectional variations.

[0033] This modular unit features a simple structure, convenient installation process, minimal workload, rapid formwork erection, high formwork utilization, and good application flexibility. Through variations and combinations of different individual formwork units, it can achieve rapid changes in overall width or precisely match the width of the tunnel. It effectively covers the entire rectangular tunnel cross-section, eliminating the need for additional formwork to seal any gaps, thus significantly reducing construction steps and accelerating construction efficiency. It can meet the needs of rapid concrete formwork construction for rectangular tunnels of different sizes. Furthermore, the full-section module formed by this method can be reused multiple times, effectively avoiding material waste.

Claims

1. A trapezoidal concrete formwork, comprising a single formwork unit (4), characterized in that... ； The template unit (4) is rectangular in shape, and its length is adapted to the width of the tunnel. The template unit (4) includes a first split template (1) located on the left, a second split template (2) located in the middle, and a third split template (3) located on the right. The first split template (1) is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end; The second split template (2) is trapezoidal in shape, with its short side at the top and its long side at the bottom, and the angle of its left hypotenuse is the same as the angle of the hypotenuse of the first split template (1). The third split template (3) is an inverted right trapezoid shape, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, its hypotenuse at the left end, and the angle of the hypotenuse is the same as that of the second split template (2). The first split template (1), the second split template (2) and the third split template (3) have the same height, and the first split template (1), the second split template (2) and the third split template (3) are connected in sequence to form a template unit (4).

2. A trapezoidal concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second split template (2) is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.

3. A trapezoidal concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between the long side and the short side of the first split template (1) is a multiple of 50mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third split template (3) is a multiple of 50mm.

4. A trapezoidal concrete formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that, The difference between the long side and the short side of the first split template (1) is 100mm; the difference between the long side and the short side of the third split template (3) is 100mm.

5. A trapezoidal concrete formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first split template (1), the second split template (2) and the third split template (3) are all marked with numbers and length data.

6. A full-section module, employing a trapezoidal concrete formwork as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The template unit (4) consists of multiple pieces, which are arranged in a rectangular full-section module from top to bottom in an adjacent arrangement. In the full-section module, multiple first split templates (1) are connected from top to bottom to form a first combined template (5). The first combined template (5) is in the shape of an inverted right trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the right end. Multiple second split templates (2) are connected from top to bottom to form a second combined template (6). The second combined template (6) is in the shape of an upright trapezoid, with its short side at the top, its long side at the bottom, and its left hypotenuse angle being the same as the hypotenuse angle of the first combined template (5). Multiple third split templates (3) are connected from top to bottom to form a third combined template (7). The third combined template (7) is in the shape of an inverted straight trapezoid, with its long side at the top, its short side at the bottom, and its hypotenuse at the left end, and its hypotenuse angle being the same as the hypotenuse angle of the second combined template (6).

7. A full-section module according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the full-section module, the multiple first split templates (1) in the first combined template (5) adopt the first group numbering, and the numbers of the multiple first split templates (1) distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple second split templates (2) in the second combined template (6) adopt the second group numbering, and the numbers of the multiple second split templates (2) distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially; the multiple third split templates (3) in the third combined template (7) adopt the third group numbering, and the numbers of the multiple third split templates (3) distributed from top to bottom decrease sequentially.

8. A full-section module according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the full-section module, the first combined template (5), the second combined template (6), and the third combined template (7) are numbered with different colors.

Images